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Foreign Direct Investment.
This paper discusses the major costs and benefits for host countries of foreign direct investment.
1,925 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that foreign direct investment includes equity investment, both wholly foreign-owned and joint venture investment; contractual investment, including contractual joint ventures and oil exploration ventures; and other forms of activities, such as compensation trade, processing and assembling arrangements, and international leasing. The author points out that the purpose of foreign direct investment is to boost the economies of the host nation while providing the foreign nation with a means of investment, which is both lucrative and efficient, allowing countries to share ideas, increasing awareness of foreign markets, and developing valuable business skills. The paper relates problems involved in assessing the impact of inward investment on any individual host nation and states that the main reasons for such problems are strict labor, product, and market rules.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Overview of Foreign Direct Investment
Cost and Benefits Associated with Foreign Direct Investment
The Stability of Foreign Direct Investment
Benefit
Costs
Stimulation of National Economy
Benefits
Costs
Development of Infrastructure and Shared Technology
Benefits
Costs
Crowding In and Crowding Out
Benefits
Costs
Assessing the Impact of Inward Investment on Any Individual Host Nation
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Although the transfer of technology can be beneficial to the economy of the host country, it can also be detrimental if the businesses in the host country or the culture of the host country are not prepared to deal with these new technologies. The Earth Summit report explains that the technology that foreign firms utilize may be inappropriate for the local needs of the host country. These technologies may also require a great deal of investment capital and negatively affect small businesses because they will not be able to adapt to the changing technological climate. In addition, the external changes that may occur may not be an improvement over the already existing approaches."
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Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in China, 2008.
This paper discusses the role of government policy in attracting
foreign direct investment (FDI) in China.
2,860 words (approx. 11.4 pages), 21 sources, APA, $ 84.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, with the advent of its reformist policies in the late 1970s, China opened what is potentially one of the world's large markets to foreign direct investment (FDI). The author points out that, initially, the government tried to draw that investment into areas that were familiar to emigres resulting in a spectacular influx of FDI. The paper reports that, in subsequent years, the government has attempted to redirect FDI to other areas, with much less success. The author points out that FDI is allocated through the decentralized, largely market-oriented mechanism, which supports the view that the Chinese central government has only a limited capacity to compel private groups and local governments to adhere to policies it believes are in the national interest The paper concludes that China has received a huge amount of FDI, which will have profound impacts on that country in the coming decades.
Table of Contents:
The Reform Period and Foreign Direct Investment
The Goals of Reform
China and FDI: The Initial Success
The Inability to Control Special Interests
The Lack of Social Embeddedness
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Indeed, the change was sufficiently sudden that in several instances, the ideological rationale for the change was not formulated until after markets were opened to foreign investment. The rationale for the new policy was reflected in several areas. In terms of economic development, the Chinese conceded that despite major gains, their economic condition was not improving at a rate comparable to that of other comparably situated countries. The new policies were advanced as allowing China to secure needed new sources of capital, advanced technology, advanced management skills."
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Foreign Direct Investment, 2007.
An analysis of foreign direct investment in the Russian oil sector.
12,638 words (approx. 50.6 pages), 30 sources, MLA, $ 242.95
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Abstract
This paper deals primarily with foreign direct investment (FDI) as it pertains to developing countries. It discusses some of the problems and benefits that may be seen from FDI, with a specific case study examination of the Russian oil sector. The paper then discusses the tie-in between British Petroleum and Tyumen Oil Company (TNK). The paper also discusses sovereign ratings and problems that surround these companies and FDI. The paper concludes with suggestions on how to minimize these problems.
Table of Contents:
chapter 1 - Introduction
Background/Overview Of The Problem
Research Question
Benefits Of The Study
Scope Of The Study
Chapter 2 - Literature Review
Industry/Organizational Background & Perspective
What Is Foreign Direct Investment?
The Two Main Forms Of FDI
Greenfield Investment
Mergers & Acquisitions
Distribution Of FDI In Many Countries
Factors Affecting FDI
The Roles Of Government Policy In FDI
Favorable Policies Toward FDI
Restricting Polices Toward FDI
Various Theories Of FDI
FDI And Multinational Corporations
Case Study - British Petroleum And TNK
Chapter 3 - Research Methodology
Research Design
Data Collection Method
Chapter 4 - Data Analysis And Presentation
Porter's Five Forces Model And The Russian Oil Sector
Chapter 5 -Conclusions And Recommendation
From the Paper
"However, even though the government problems in many areas are no longer what they were, this does not mean that the corrections will be rapid or automatic. There is a 'status quo' in many countries, and changing that is often very difficult, because people have lived with it for so long. Those that are high up in government or business are generally content, most likely, with what they have, and therefore they do not want changes to be made. For those that work in menial jobs, however, the idea of change and improvement is likely very appealing."
"These changes can be helped along by FDI, but these countries must also find ways to help themselves, because counting on FDI is not necessarily a good choice for these countries. Where the Russian oil sector is concerned, it would appear that the country could count on the FDI dollars that they are getting, but the future may change this as other companies begin to realize that they could invest in other countries more cheaply."
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Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), 2005.
This paper discusses foreign direct investment (FDI) and economic growth as evidence in developed countries.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 10 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that foreign direct investment FDI is considered a strong economic force within developed countries because, as opposed to developing countries, most developed countries do not have to cultivate interest in direct investment. The author points out that the paper focuses on how, why and to what extent the functionality of FDI within developed countries characterizes the economic behavior within the recipient economy. The paper relates that the literature demonstrates that, while FDI has a marginal positive impact on growth and a significant impact on economic security, the repercussions of FDI within developed countries tend to be by influencing political connections between nations and the subsequent emphasis on maintaining their economic obligations.
From the Paper
"Foreign direct investment (FDI) is considered a strong economic force within developed countries. As opposed to developing countries, most developed countries do not have to cultivate interest in direct investment (Forf, 2000). This creates a focus on how, why, and to what extent the functionality of FDI within developed countries characterizes the economic behavior within the recipient economy (Shatz & Venables, 2004). The literature demonstrates that while FDI has a marginal positive impact on growth and a significant impact on economic security, the repercussions of FDI within developed countries tend to be within influencing political connections between nations and the subsequent emphasis on maintaining economic obligations therein."
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Foreign Direct Investment in Russia, 2005.
A PEST analysis on Russia as a target market for foreign direct investment.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 10 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
The paper examines Russia as a target market for foreign direct investment (FDI). The paper discusses the market within the framework of a PEST (political, economic, social, technological) analysis. The paper further analyzes the overall business climate, and the opportunity for FDI is examined in comparison to the risks associated with the market and rampant corruption. The writer concludes that the technology sector within the efficiency gains area is the most opportune area for FDI.
From the Paper
"Russia is a large country with a long history extending back to the 12th century AD when it first freed itself from Mongol domination (Russia). Russia's most relevant historical past is its emergence from Communist rule and the breakup of the Soviet Union under Mikhail Gorbachev in 1991 due to his policies of glasnost and perestroika, or opening and restructuring. Since that period Russia has been defined by a kind of political turmoil that has seen every sort of leader from a, it is said, Vodka imbibing progressive in Boris Yeltsin to a former intelligence officer in the KGB with a black belt in Judo, in Vladimir Putin (Russia). While the political turmoil has unfolded publicly, the business and professional climate has deteriorated from the heady days of the Soviet breakup when foreign enterprises believed the region was ripe for investment and, to some degree, exploitation."
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| Term Paper # 69759 |
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Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and Economic Growth, 2006.
An analysis of the relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) and economic growth in the Czech Republic.
10,937 words (approx. 43.7 pages), 100 sources, APA, $ 216.95
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Abstract
Foreign direct investment (FDI) has increased rapidly over the past years, especially after the promotion of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank. The aim of this paper is to examine whether there is a positive relationship between FDI and the economic growth in the Czech Republic, with special emphasis on technology and productivity spillovers. It focuses especially on two hypotheses, in the form of a case study. The first hypothesis is that technological and productivity spillover from FDI can lead to an increase in economic growth in the Czech Republic. The second hypothesis is that the Czech government can be an extra incentive for economic growth. Formulas show different solutions to different questions in economic growth. The paper discusses the Keynes' GDP model, the purchasing power parity (PPP), as well as Solow's total factor productivity (TFP) and multi factor productivity (MFP) and Cob-Douglas elastic growth equation, that includes technology development into the equation.
Outline
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Economic Growth and FDI
Inflows to the Czech Republic
1.2 Introduction to Relevant Theoretic
And Empirical Studies
1.3 Research Aims and Objectives
1.4 Chapter Review
Chapter 2: Literature Review
2.1 FDI vs. Economic Growth
2.1.1 Technology and Productivity Spill Over
Transfers through FDI
2.1.2 Employment Creation:
2.1.3 Capital
2.1.4 Export
2.2 Other Factors vs. Economic Growth
2.2.2 Government Expenditure
2.2.3 Population Size
2.2.4 Openness
2.3 Conclusion
2.3.1 Role of the Literature in the Dissertation
Chapter 3 Methodology
3.1 Research Methodology Method:
H.1.1) There Has Been Economic
Growth in the Czech Republic.
H.1.2) Technology and Productivity
Spillovers Apply To The Czech Republic.
3.2 Conclusion
Chapter 4: Data
4.1 Data Collection
4.2 Data Analysis Keynes
GDP Equation
World Bank PPP Equation
Solow TFP Equation
Solow MFP Equation
Cob-Douglas Equation
Chapter 5: Conclusion
5.1.1 The First Objective Is To Give A
General Understanding of FDI
And Economic Growth
5.1.2 Second Is To Discuss According To A
Case Study Spillovers of FDI into the Czech Market
5.1.3 Thirdly, How the Czech Government
Can Be an Extra Incentive for Economic Growth
5.2 Boundaries and Constraints
5.3 Need for Further Research is Recognized
From the Paper
"Multinational companies (MNCs) find it profitable to invest abroad because they own specific assets, one of which is the multinational's access to better production technology. (Caves, 1996) The role of transaction costs in the development of MNCs is seen as very important by McManus. Transaction costs can arise when transferring goods and or services, which can be a lot of money that is not necessary. When a MNC invests in a foreign market it overcomes those costs. (McManus1987) The relation between income inequality in Local Domestic Companies (LDCs) and FDIs is seen as a generally positive by Tsai. (Tsai 1995)"
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Foreign Direct Investment, 2005.
An analysis of Scotland's macroeconomic structure to decide whether Canon Ltd. should pursue foreign direct investment (FDI) in Scotland.
7,158 words (approx. 28.6 pages), 16 sources, MLA, $ 159.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes Scotland's macroeconomic environment for consideration of foreign direct investment (FDI) by Canon Ltd. It discusses the labor pool, as well as the role of the trade unions. The paper then analyzes the make-up of the government in Scotland and its relevant policies. After analyzing these, and many other issues, it discusses whether it would be a good decision to build a Canon Copiers manufacturing plant in Scotland.
Table of Contents:
History
Canon Copiers
Language
Culture
Labour Pool
What the Government is Doing to Upgrade its Labor Pool
Workforce Skills
Unions
Government and Politics
Infrastructure
Energy
Transportation
Distance from Market
Scotland and the European Union
Currency and Banking
Balance of Payments
Trading Partners
Resources
Analysis
From the Paper
"In deciding whether to invest in a certain country for FDI you must take into consideration the macro environment of that country. You must take into consideration cost/tax factors, demand factors, strategic factors, regulatory/economic factors as well as sociopolitical factors. Obviously not all of these factors will be of equal importance, but depend on the type of firm as well as the goals of that firm. These factors will help you determine if the location is suitable to invest in. You may expand on advantages and disadvantages compare the two and decide if your will be successful. If you do decide to invest the company in the location any disadvantages must be minimized to create greater success."
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Foreign Direct Investment in Vietnam, 2008.
This paper explores the potential of foreign direct investment in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.
1,599 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
The author explains why he believes that foreign direct investment (FDI) in Vietnam would be a promising investment. The paper discusses the success of the Vietnamese stock market, Vietnam's comparative advantage in trade, and its short and long-term growth potential. The paper also examines the risks associated with investing in a highly regulated capitalist market with strict government controls on foreign ownership. In addition, the paper looks at the risks of regional competitors, Thailand, the Philippines and China. The paper concludes that Vietnam is a strong investment target for FDI; although there are regulatory and political risks associated with the market, these are outweighed by the return potential over the long-term.
Outline:
Personal Statement
The Vietnamese Stock Market
Favorable Factors in FDI
Economic Growth Potential
Risk Factors
Risks of Regional Competitors
From the Paper
"I have been employed in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (Vietnam) in the past for a period of several years. Most recently, I was in Vietnam during the last World Trade Organization (WTO) discussions were taking place there regarding its accession into the WTO during 2006. However, prior to these discussions regarding WTO accession, I witnessed dramatic changes in Vietnam that led me to believe that foreign direct investment (FDI) in Vietnam would be a promising investment. Some of the most prominent changes were the investments in infrastructure that the Vietnamese government was making in order to facilitate commerce and industry."
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Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), 2005.
This paper discusses the role that foreign direct investment (FDI) in the economic growth of developing nations in Southeast Asia, especially Malaysia.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 5 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the importance of foreign direct investments (FDI) in developing economies cannot be overstated. The author presents Malaysia as a single case example. The paper relates that Malaysia is a nation, which has been troubled by currency and image problems but continues to compete for FDI that signify the potential for economic growth.
From the Paper
"The importance of foreign direct investments (FDI) in developing economies cannot be overstated. FDI has the incredible power to affect the national economy of a developing (and even of developed) nation either for domestic good or ill. In recent years, this has been shown to be particularly true within the context of Southeast Asia, where quite a lot of FDI has flowed since the early 1990s. In some cases, this has been a positive force for economic growth, contributing to the long-term stability of the host nation."
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Foreign Direct Investment for Wal-Mart, 2008.
A comparison of the economic, cultural, legal and political environments of potential countries for Wal-Mart's foreign direct investment, with a focus on Australia.
3,154 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 91.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the retail industry in general and Wal-Mart in particular. It looks at future foreign direct investment for Wal-Mart and its investment objectives and plans. The paper particularly focusess on Australia as a potential market for Wal-Mart to saturate and the reasons why it would be lucrative. The paper then provides a contrasting analysis of the economic, cultural, legal and political environments in Australia, New Zealand, India and Iran.
Table of Contents:
Executive Summary
Industry
Industry Leader
Economic, Cultural, Legal, And Political Environments of Global Countries
Ideal Future Market
Investment Objectives and Plans
Description and Supporting Arguments For Choice of Industry
Description of Firm, Finances and Product Offering
Contrasting Analysis of the Economics, Cultural, Legal, and Political Environment
Australia
New Zealand
India
Iran
Supporting Arguments for One Country
Investment Objectives and Planning
From the Paper
"The time schedule should be as swift as possible, in light of Australia's recent general movement towards quick growth. However, the negotiation of international exchange laws may be a stumbling block. Australia's openness to American investment and culture, however, should mean this is not a problem. Training of staff should follow in the steps of Wal-Mart's American operations. Initially, Assistant Managers should be brought over from America and other established locations so that store running is smooth. Training of staff at intermediate levels, such as Replenishment staff, Buyers, Pharmacy staff and SAM'S CLUB warehouse staff, should also follow American guidelines, consisting of weeks of intensive training. When mid-level staff are ready for managerial positions, they should be inducted into the 19-week long Management Training Program, where they can learn about company culture, receiving and stocking, customer service, merchandising, inventory procedures, profit and loss, office functions, accounting, personnel and administrative functions, leadership skills, how to become a merchant, recruiting and retention, civil responsibility and food practices (in the case of Supercenter and Neighborhood Market managers)."
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Foreign Direct Investment, 2007.
This document discusses the character of foreign direct investment.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the political, social and operational nature of foreign direct investment (FDI). The paper lists the top five multi-national corporations in terms of foreign assets held and maintained. The paper explains that companies that are successful with their FDI strategies are those that take advantage of foreign operations, returning the products manufactured there to their home markets where price premiums ensure higher profit margins.
Outline:
Abstract
Top Five Transnational Companies
Country and Success Factors
From the Paper
"Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is rife with both opportunity and peril. The number one consideration for entities considering FDI is not particularly the line of business (LOB) or the industry, but rather, corruption: "Including corruption in the FDI model should help the companies realize the...importance of that factor...considering corruption relative to other dimensions will help...implement complex analyses and refine country evaluation procedures" (Habib & Zurawicki, 2002, para.36). While obvious consideration should be given to LOB and industry, the levels of corruption extant in many markets and regions of the globe create an environment that makes long-term growth and return on investment extremely difficult to achieve, much less gauge."
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Foreign Direct Investment and Government Policy, 2008.
This paper explores the nature of the control that the Chinese government has over its economy, specifically, over foreign direct investments.
3,104 words (approx. 12.4 pages), 25 sources, APA, $ 90.95
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Abstract
This paper briefly considers the "strong" versus the "weak" state-centered approaches and describes the various institutional arrangements which China instituted for allocating foreign direct investment (FDI). The paper looks at the evolution of China's regional development policy between the late 1970s and the present time. The paper then attempts to correlate the Chinese government's regional policy preferences to the allocation of FDI among the provinces. The paper concludes that the central government has only a limited capacity to compel private groups and local governments to adhere to policies it believes are in the national interest.
Outline:
The State Centered Approaches
Strong and Weak Versions
China: A Weak State-Centered Economy
China and FDI: The Initial Success
The Inability to Control Special Interests
The Lack of Social Embeddedness
The Failure of Redirection of FDI in China
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Does a modern government have the power to direct foreign capital investments, such as foreign direct investment (FDI), to particular regions which the government wishes to see developed? To ask this question is to ask if the politics of economic development in a given country is or is not "state-centered." To say that a nation can impose a state-centered approach to issues of economic development is to say that the government can assert authority over both the population it governs and also over actions that take place within its territory. In the modern world, foreign capital investment in developing countries has raised a serious challenge to the assumption that states do control what goes on within their territory."
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| Term Paper # 71965 |
temporarily unavailable
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Foreign Direct Investment, 2006.
Examines the global trends of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflow, with special reference to the developing countries.
7,843 words (approx. 31.4 pages), 17 sources, APA, $ 170.95
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Abstract
In the first section of this paper, an overview of the relation between FDI and development is presented. The paper notes that the ability to harvest the benefits of FDI in terms of economic development varies greatly across countries and that many factors are responsible for these variations. Therefore, in the second section, the paper works out various correlations of FDI with a number of determinants of growth like private and public investment, infrastructure development, human skills etc. during the decade immediately following reforms. The paper also determines and examines these correlations in respect of different states in the country in order to explain the state wise differences in growth and FDI inflows. Having identified the factors affecting FDI inflow and their correlations with growth indicators, the issues involved are highlighted and policy implications are put forth in the third and the last section of the paper.
From the Paper
"Last two decades have witnessed a growing consensus among the developing countries that the net results of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) can be positive. Macroeconomic objectives were attained in most of the developing countries and progress was made in key institutional reforms. In mid 1990s the net capital flows to developing countries had reached a peak of 6% of their GDP but after a decline in 1999, it has started recovery & in 2004 it had reached up to 4.5% of GDP. The current account balances in most of the developing countries recovered in the later years of 1990s from 'deficit' to 'surplus', which was 2% of GDP in 2004. As a result, the foreign exchange reserves swelled, which instead of being invested in domestic markets, continued to finance a large share of the US current account deficit in 2004. The net equity flows have increased faster than net debt flows. They have been stable at 2.7% of GDP since 2002. On the contrary, the net debt flows to developing countries have shown wide fluctuations and in 2004, it was only 1.4% of GDP. These favorable external and internal factors reflected themselves in a record expansion in developing-world GDP growth in 2004 when it touched 6.6%, which is much higher than the global average during the same period i.e. 3.8% only. Simultaneously, as the Official Development Assistance (ODA) saw a dramatic decline in 1990s, FDI emerged as the main preferred alternative source of development finance. Within the Official flow also, the shift from loans to grants has accelerated. Figure 1 Therefore, FDI is considered better than the 'bank credit' because of high and variable interest rates and 'portfolio investment' because of risks of high volatility with it. Moreover, it has served as the principal channel for transfer of long-term private capital, technology, managerial expertise, access to major foreign markets of the world for better trade opportunities and for establishing a link between domestic economies and world market. As a result, it is seen as an opportunity for domestic capacity building for production, innovation, increasing share in the world-trade through backward and forward linkages. All these factors are responsible for faster growth of domestic economy and increase in per Capita GDP, a cherished goal of every country in increasing living standards of its people. Nevertheless, there are also potential drawbacks associated with the foreign capital. Potential drawbacks include a possible deterioration of the Balance of Payment as profits are repatriated, a lack of positive linkage with local communities, harmful environmental impacts on host countries, and effects on competition in the local markets as they may virtually attain a monopoly position harming the local industries etc. However, neither the in-flow of the FDI nor the gains from FDI are automatic. The First Section presents the overview of the role of FDI for Development. In the Second Section, we will examine the past trends in FDI inflow in India and its contribution to India's economic growth. We will also identify the factors influencing FDI inflow in India. In the third section, we will discuss and examine the issues emerging out of the analysis of the factors influencing FDI inflow in India and finally suggest policy measures required to be taken to increase in-flow of FDI and maximize its benefits and minimize costs."
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