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Foreign Currency Exchange, 2006.
This paper defines some of the important industries in the foreign exchange market and examines the gold standard.
1,100 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
International business is important to every business person today. Even if a company does not have international locations, it is necessary to stay afresh of the situation in the foreign currency exchange markets. By keeping abreast of these markets, a business can monitor their competition and perhaps even move internationally someday. This paper examines the various institutions and markets that are in place to help monitor international trade, including the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank and the gold standard.
From the Paper
"The modern financial system is called the "floating currency" system. This have proved to be a more efficient system in most people's eyes, but there are some that think the system should be set back to the gold standard. Since 1976, the United States government no longer sets the gold value of a dollar. The price rises and falls in relation to the demand for the metal. During the time of the gold standard, it was actually illegal for any United States citizen to privately own gold. This was to ensure that there was not any accidental increase in the monetary system, which would cause an inflation (Pagewise 2002)."
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Foreign Currency Exchange Rates, 2002.
A discussion of exchange rates.
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 9 sources, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper is a discussion of major currency exchange rates and its implications on economic indicators.
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Foreign Currency Inflow in India, 2006.
An analysis of the efficiency of the sterilization of foreign currency inflow in India.
2,909 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 86.95
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Abstract
With increased globalization of the Indian economy, Reserve Bank of India's task of sterilization of inflows has become tough. There are costs attached to the sterilization operations. This paper analyzes the performance of this activity of the RBI and the benefits and costs of these operations. It tries to evaluate whether these operations are able to achieve the goal of keeping the inflation rate under check. It further discusses the justification for continuing these operations by the RBI and finally puts forth a case for establishing a Market Stabilization Fund in India. The paper foresees the future challenges that are likely to be faced by the RBI in view of the increasing inflow of foreign currency. As a corollary it also discusses the need to maintain large Forex reserve and the need to utilize a part of the reserve for investment in domestic sectors like infrastructure, health and education.
Outline
The Debt Stability Condition
Crowding Out, Fiscal Deficit, Absorption and Sterilization
Efficacy of Sterilization Operations
Policy Implications
Challenges to Financial Stability--Concluding Remarks
From the Paper
"To overcome the great difficulties faced by the RBI to curb inflation due to excessive monetization, RBI, in 1997 reduced this mode of deficit financing to a considerable extent and resorted to Market Stabilization Scheme under which the GOI and RBI signed a MoU detailing the modalities of the MSS. This scheme came into effect from April 2004. Under the MoU the GOI would issue Treasury Bills and/or dated securities under the MSS in addition to normal borrowing requirements, for absorbing liquidity from the system. These securities will be issued by way of auctions to be conducted by RBI. These securities will be eligible for SLR and LAF operations also. Another very important feature of the scheme is that the payment for interest and discount will not be made from the MSS Account. "
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The Foreign Exchange Rate, 2007.
An explanation of the foreign exchange rate and how it works.
1,283 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
The paper defines the foreign exchange rate, and details the differences between fixed and variable rates. The paper explores how, as the financial markets become intensely developed with the growth of globalization, several financial instruments have been created to diversify the possible contract types between the partners, and hedge them against possible risks connected with the foreign currency. The paper details these financial instruments. The paper concludes with details of research that is necessary to further examine fluctuations of the currency rates and their derivatives.
From the Paper
"The price of a non-dividend paying future can be set by discounting the present price to maturity by the rate of risk free rate of return, which is usually the return on the long term government bonds or bonds with the same maturity as the financial derivative. The forward price is set as follows: Ft,T = Ster(T - t) - PVt(D) + PVt(C) , where it is the spot price at time t discounted at a continuous discount rate minus the present value of the dividends to be received from holding the asset until them plus the present vlaue of the cost of holding the asset. When the forward price is not equal to this equation, there is opportunity for risk free arbitrage."
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Lebanon Pound in Foreign Exchange, 2002.
This paper examines foreign exchange rate policy and its application in Lebanon and compares to it to the policies of Egypt and Israel.
1,600 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Lebanon was an important international financial center through 1975; but, since 1975 the Lebanese economy has seldom had a chance to function efficiently and monetary stability frequently has proven to be elusive. This paper points out that the current exchange rate policy followed by Lebanon is a managed float targeted to the United States dollar. The author reports that Egypt?s current exchange rate policy is the same as Lebanon?s managed float; but Israel follows a composite currency peg policy, which assigns proportional weights to a basket of currencies to establish the exchange value for their currency and reflects that country?s international trade, capital flows and other relevant economic aggregates. Annotated Bibliography.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Historical Overview
Current Exchange Rate Policy
Comparing Lebanon?s Exchange Rate Policy with Those of Egypt and Israel
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Since 1992, the government of Lebanon has faced-up to the job of restoring economic stability and confidence in the country. The government and the Central Bank of Lebanon also have broken the hold on the country?s the economy of the vicious circle of inflationary financing and instability of the rate of exchange of the Lebanese pound. These actions primarily were manifestations of the dire political status in which Lebanon found itself as both a pawn and a battleground for Israelis, Syrians and Arab militant organizations."
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Foreign Exchange, 2005.
A look at the foreign exchange market and some of the problems encountered there.
904 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper is discusses the foreign exchange market, looking at how one enters the foreign exchange market, what kind of exposure encountered there as a business, how it relates to currency trading, and the problems often encountered within the foreign exchange market. The paper also includes a discussion of the pros and cons of foreign exchange.
From the Paper
"According to Warren Reeves in his book, "Accounting", foreign exchange rate can be defined as the price of one currency expressed in terms of another. The foreign exchange market makes it possible for international trade to be accomplished more efficiently than barter. Because each nation uses its own monetary unit people in one country, who want to purchase something in another country must exchange their own currency for the other to accommodate the transaction. The foreign exchange market is where one nation's currency is traded for another..."
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Foreign Exchange Risk in Chine., 2003.
Forecasts the exposure for foreign exchange risk in Chile.
920 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper forecasts the exposure for transaction risk, translation risk and economic exposure in Chile, and discusses methods for mitigating those risks. It looks at the background of the Chilean economy and its volatile currency.
From the Paper
"The Chilean peso has been somewhat volatile over the past year. Since January the peso has gained strength against the dollar overall moving from pesos to the dollar to pesos to the dollar. However the peso ..."
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Exchange Rates, 2007.
This paper provides an analysis of the role that foreign currency exchange rates play in affecting business decisions within international corporations.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
In this article, the researcher proposes the use of combined qualitative and quantitative techniques to review how exchange rates affect the level of foreign direct investment and capital flow across borders. The writer notes that more and more business enterprises are realizing that to remain competitive in the global marketplace, they must adapt their processes and policies to reflect the economic environment surrounding them. This study examines this phenomenon in greater detail and provides a theoretical framework for explaining the relation between exchange rates and international business processes. The writer provides a comprehensive review of the literature available on exchange rate volatility, influence and mobility and combines this information with data gathered from primary research.
Outline:
Introduction
Significance of Research
Methods
Theoretical Foundation
Research Design
Implications of Research
Results/Discussion
References:
From the Paper
"Streissler points out that the role of exchange rates in international business relations and operations remains one of the more controversial issues in international research and literature. Because this issue is controversial and as yet unsettled, it is important that more research is conducted to help solidify theoretical propositions describing the influence exchange rates have on decision making in business. This study will help achieve this aim, determining the exact effect exchange rates have on foreign direct investment and capital flow across borders."
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Projecting Foreign Currency Values, 2002.
Discussion of models to forecast currency exchange rates in the future markets.
2,475 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 14 sources, $ 87.95
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Abstract
Discussion of models to forecast currency exchange rates in the futures market. Reviews three major models: Purchasing power parity (PPPM), account balance (CABM), portofolio balance (PFBM). Two newer models: random walk (RWM), Fischer effect (IFEM). The hypothesis and appeal of each model. Theoretical validity of the models. Usefulness as tools for monetary management.
From the Paper
"PROJECTING FOREIGN CURRENCY VALUES
Introduction
Participants in foreign exchange markets also deal for future values. Such dealing composes the forward markets or futures markets for currencies (Lu, 1997). Active forward markets exist for a few heavily traded currencies and for several time intervals corresponding to actively dealt maturities in the money market.
Risk management has been the traditional role of the futures markets. Traders, as an example, use currency futures to protect (hedge) themselves against fluctuations in exchange rates that may be detrimental to their profit margins. A United States trader who needs foreign currency for a business transaction in six months could sell a futures foreign currency contract for ..."
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System Of Fixed Exchange Rates, 1973.
This paper reviews the modern history of international currency exchange rates by focusing on the system of fixed rates based on the gold standard.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, $ 39.95
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From the Paper
There is important historical precedence for arguing that a system of fixed exchange rates is most advantageous for the purpose of economic stability. Such international monetary stability was quite apparent in the Western World during the period between 1875 and 1914. The core mechanism for this stability was the gold standard. Most major countries then set fixed values for their currencies in relation to gold. These countries also allowed the relatively free movement of gold across their boundaries and agreed to convert their currency into gold at the established price.
The exchange rates between currencies were allowed to fluctuate in response to market demand. This meant that if country A were spending more abroad than it was taking in, the overabundance of its currency abroad might lead to a fall in its ... "
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The United States and Fixed Exchange Rates, 1989.
A discussion of the pros and cons of the proposition to return to system of fixed international currency exchange rates.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
Introduction
"The purpose of this research is to examine the question: should the United States (US) return to a system of fixed international currency exchange rates? Both the pro and the con positions are addressed in this research.
The Position Opposed to a Return to Fixed Exchange Rates
At the outset of this discussion, it must be understood that the US cannot unilaterally discard the floating exchange rate system, and return to a system of fixed rates. The system to be used must be acceptable to all of the participating countries, unless, of course, one country is both willing and capable of defending a fixed exchange rate for its currency in the face of a system which neither recognizes nor supports such a rate."
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U.S. Trade Balance and Exchange Rate, 2006.
This paper analyzes the issue of the U.S. trade balance and its significant impact on the exchange rate in America due to the burgeoning trade deficit and declining value of the dollar against other major world currencies.
1,922 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the relationship between the trade balance and the exchange rate. The writer details the general rule of economics that states a negative trade deficit normally leads to a weaker currency while trade surplus results in enhanced value of currency, although there are exceptions to the rule, which are detailed in this paper. This paper discusses the issue of the U.S. trade balance and its effect on the exchange rate of the country's currency which is currently in the limelight due to the burgeoning U.S. trade deficit and the declining value of the dollar against other major world currencies. The writer of this paper delves into America's economy against that of China's and questions whether the U.S. dollar will retain its status of the reserve currency in the long run. This paper touches on the opinions and views of economists and U.S. treasury officials who contend that the current trade deficit is nothing to be alarmed about as the country's economy and the U.S. dollar survived a similar slide in the late 1980s. This paper also discusses the opinion of the U.S. administration that believes the alleged under-valuation of the Chinese Yen is a prime source for the deficit problems since there is a huge and growing trade imbalance between the U.S. exports and imports to China. The well-researched and well-written paper clearly define the terms: Trade balance, exchange rate and reserve currency.
Table of Contents:
What is Trade Balance?
What is Exchange Rate?
The Extent of Trade Balance Deficit in the U.S.
What is a Reserve Currency?
Can the U.S. Dollar Retain its 'Reserve Currency' Status for Long?
Is the U.S. Trade Deficit Sustainable?
Is China the Source of the Deficit Problem?
Possible Solutions to the Trade Deficit Problem
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"The key question is, can the US dollar retain its status of the resrve currency for long? History suggests that it may not. Before the advent of the dollar as the world's reserve currency, the British Pound had enjoyed such a status. Between the two World Wars and the post-World War II period saw the weakeing of the British economy. As a result, the British Pound was devalued by 30% in 1949, effectively ending its run as the world's reserve currency and the start of the dollar's reign. Dollar has been able to retain its status as the reserve currency since it was relatively stable, was backed up by the formidable economy of the US, low interest rates and the absence of an alternative currency."
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U.S. Currency in Canada, 2002.
Arguments for and against the adoption of the United States currency as the currency of Canada.
2,900 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 106.95
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Abstract
In this paper the author considers arguments for and against the adoption of U.S. currency in Canadian economics. The author of this paper evaluates the benefits and drawbacks and concludes that Canadian businesses would suffer considerably if American currency were adopted in Canadian economics.
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Adoption of U.S. Currency in Canada, 2002.
A look at the arguments for and against the adoption of the United States currency as the currency of Canada.
2,900 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 106.95
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Abstract
This paper is a detailed discussion of the implications of Cdn economics in adopting the U.S. currency. Issues of international trade and business initiative are considered, as well as the possible outcomes for Canadian economics and business. The essay argues that adopting a foreign currency in Canada would restrict Federal monetary independence and constrain Canadian business in both local and international trade.
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Exchange Rate, 2005.
A look at factors affecting the exchange rate of a country adopting a floating exchange rate regime.
1,579 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the primary factor affecting the exchange rate of a country adopting a floating exchange rate regime is the supply and demand of the respective currency on the international market. The paper then goes on to discuss the various factors that make the demand and supply vary, thus affecting the exchange.
From the Paper
"In the respective announcement, the public found out that the US economy had produced only 21,000 new jobs and none in the private sector, from the 150,000 that had been predicted previously. The signal this send the investors was quite clear: the US economy is not performing as well as we may have thought, it is not producing new workplaces (which would be a sign of rising business, as new employees would be needed). The subsequent devaluation of the US dollar was a natural psychological reaction from the investors."
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