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Foreign Aid and Economic Development, 2005.
A literature review of the effectiveness of foreign aid in promoting economic development in the developing world.
4,873 words (approx. 19.5 pages), 39 sources, MLA, $ 124.95
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Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to survey the available body of research done on the effectiveness of foreign aid as an agent for economic development of recipient countries, most of which come from the third world countries. In particular, it aims to assess how strong the empirical evidence is that aid has been an effective agent for economic growth. In so doing, it attempts to identify areas where future research is required.
Outline
Overview
Introduction
Econometric Models Used In the Literature
The Poverty Trap Model
Anti Aid Literature
Pro Aid Literature
Qualified View
Observed Gaps in Existing Research
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Since its birth right after World War II when the United States of America (USA) released billions of money to assist Europe (Sogge, 2002) in reconstructing the latter's economy, foreign aid has been assumed to directly induce or at least influence economic development in a recipient country. Most donor rhetoric perpetuates this association (World Bank, 1998). Many studies have been undertaken to try to assess if aid actually fulfils its main objective, that is, to promote macroeconomic development in developing countries. After half a century characterized by some serious changes in world economy and politics (i.e. breakdown of Communism, globalization, terrorism), the link between foreign aid and economic growth remains at the center of debates on aid effectiveness."
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Economic Development, 2007.
This paper discusses issues related to the economic development of less developed countries (LDCs).
2,670 words (approx. 10.7 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that some less developed countries (LDCs) face high levels of indebtedness and sudden flight capital, which cause concern among international financial institutions. The author points out that the reasons for these problems are (1) low savings rates, which lead to low investment, a breakdown of the rule of law and high corruption and (2) inadequate reforms by last resort financing organizations, such as the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank. The paper relates that foreign aid has been a disappointing experience for LDCs even though the World Trade Organization carries a powerful enforcement capacity; however, this process is unbalanced because the threat of sanctions by a developing country on a country such as the U.S., carries little weight in addition to the prohibitive cost and legal expertise requiremed to pursue a case.
Table of Contents:
Problems
Foreign Aid
From the Paper
"Consumption smoothing is another less disappointing means of increasing savings for less developed nations. What this means is that with integrated capital markets, households can smooth consumption against shocks that affect asymmetrically the domestic and foreign countries, and thus will make them better off. In bad times, countries will borrow money and will lend money in good times, leading to fluctuations of the current account. This concept can be applied in a demographic manner, for example, aging countries can transfer savings to countries whose population is ..."
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Foreign Aid, 2008.
This paper discusses economic development and foreign direct investment.
1,663 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
In this document the writer discusses globalization and looks at its impact on poverty and economic development across emerging markets. The role of the World Trade Organization (WTO) within this dynamic is also examined as well as how the WTO and the global economy interact to encourage or develop greater levels of foreign direct investment (FDI) in order to spur economic development.
Outline:
Abstract
Overview
The World Trade Organization's Role in FDI
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Thus, it can be seen that the discussion of poverty and its alleviation, especially reference to Mexico, or indeed any other emerging market, is really a discussion of how these economic structures are re-characterized in respect to the global economy. The intent is to assist these markets with their internal economic structures, without compromising national integrity, so as to result in a more universal elevation of quality of life standards across the spectrum of their societies.
"While many authors tend to immediately jump to the issue of poverty when discussing globalization and its impact, others are quick to note that globalization can be effective at alleviating poverty. Fenstra and Hanson pointed out that the outsourcing explosion brought about by NAFTA between the U.S., Mexico and Canada, resulted in positive economic growth in Mexico's border areas where foreign factories invested in factories to handle their inputs in the production of goods almost completely destined for export."
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Foreign Aid Controversies, 2005.
This paper examines how Canada is involved in foreign aid and discusses the actions of the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA).
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 3 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Canada's involvement in foreign aid. The Canadian International Development Agency is discussed in terms of what its purpose is and how it is involved in foreign aid development and spending. Controversies surrounding spending habits are examined in this article, particularly in light of the recent issues with unjustifiable spending habits on the Sponsorship program.
From the Paper
"Although the triumph of democracy post cold war helped trigger the global economic boom, developing democracies have benefited least from trade and investment. It is crucial for the international donor community to address potential problems of new policies for promoting democratization of developing countries, otherwise risk losing financial and strategic investments between donors and under-developed countries. The Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) values social justice, peace, and humanitarianism. CIDA was established in 1968 and has maintained a steady stream of public support in their effort to help the less fortunate."
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Foreign Aid and Global Poverty, 2007.
An analysis of the contributions of foreign aid to the relief of global poverty.
3,532 words (approx. 14.1 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 99.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the United States' foreign aid policy and the issues of global poverty. It begins by describing the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) and their missions. It then looks at other forms of foreign aid and their contributions to relieving global poverty. The paper concludes that foreign aid policy is not a solution to global poverty.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
The World Trade Organization
The World Health Organization
Other forms of "Foreign Aid"
From the Paper
"Finally, more actions are necessary on the part of larger international institutions if the problem regarding global poverty is ever to be solved. A few of the ways in which this could be resolved is to implement better negotiations and enforcement procedures at the WTO and WHO. Both organizations could adhere to narrower realistic goals within each of their organization's missions. These goals could be reviewed every year, and updated accordingly. For example, individual policies could be reviewed regarding import and export tariffs for agricultural products in an attempt to better regulate the sector. The WHO could begin with measures that would reduce illnesses in poor populations, with the end goal of creating a healthier population. Foreign aid policy needs to be amended to not only support the foreign aid contributor, but also must be in alignment with the developing country that is receiving the aid. Perhaps developing countries need better representation in the WTO and the WHO in order to make sure that foreign aid actually helps them. As a result, these and other organizations could take several actions to reduce world poverty."
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Politics and U.S. Foreign Aid Decisions, 2002.
An examination of the foreign policies of the Bush administration and how they determine foreign aid decisions.
1,911 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
As fiscal year 2004 budget proposals are clogging up the legislative hopper, this paper reviews the Bush administration's foreign aid policies and payouts. It looks at how Bush?s conservative political philosophy effects foreign aid and why it is nearly impossible to reach an approximate figure on total U.S. foreign aid disbursements.
From the Paper
"To begin with, how much does the U.S. spend on foreign aid? According to the U.S. Office of Management and Budget (OMB, 2002), the U.S. government poured some $23 billion into international assistance programs of one kind or another last year. Of that, $9.9 billion was ?official development assistance? to foreign nations; $12.7 billion went for ?other government assistance? to foreign nations. But those numbers do not reflect the $9.3 billion that it costs to run the U.S. Department of State (which interacts with foreign governments at many levels), nor do the numbers include the billions in secret military hardware and technologies given to nations ?friendly? to the U.S. by the Bush Administration. After all, when it comes to definitions, foreign ?aid? is foreign aid whether it is rice, milk, medical supplies, equipment for drilling wells for fresh water in Africa munitions for the Columbian government to do battle with drug lords, or millions to oil drilling companies to restart Iraqi energy facilities."
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Foreign Aid, 2005.
This paper examines journal articles on the subject of America's foreign aid policies.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 2 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the respective advantages of American foreign aid to undeveloped countries such as Laos and Cambodia. The paper explains that it is useful to compare scholarly journal articles, for doing so provides important insights into the economic, political and moral issues involved in foreign aid. Two articles were researched for this assignment and are summarized in terms of their themes and content.
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American Foreign Aid, 2001.
This paper studies the motives behind America's foreign aid policy in general but specifically in Sudan.
905 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a discussion about the American intervention to stop slavery in Sudan. It discusses American interests from an outside standpoint and examines whether the American rescue efforts around the world are really for the betterment of the world or for power and monetary gain of the United States. It discusses the motivation behind American foreign aid in general, and specifically examines their actions in Sudan.
From the Paper
"Around the world, America is known for its willingness to jump into the fray in the name of freedom and human rights. If a nation?s people is having wrongs committed against it the United States is usually the first to send help, money, troops and any other assistance needed to restore the basic human freedoms that we believe are an inaliable right. When one looks things over from a purely informational standpoint it appears that America is the hero for human rights (Chaddock pp 2). However, if one peels off the top layer and examines the underpinnings of the issue one will find that America often champions the rights of those who can in turn help America with power, land advantage or money. America may not be as magnanimous as it tries to appear and it may be self serving need that drives it to stand up for others around the globe. Numbers of those seized and sold into slavery top 10,000 in some estimates (Chaddock pp 2). They are women and children as well as men and the atrocities committed against them are inhuman."
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American Foreign Aid, 2005.
This paper offers an analysis of the benefits of American foreign aid to poor countries.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 3 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper examines why foreign aid programs are worthy of pursuing. The paper explains that they are an investment that can improve America's image in the world, help millions of people and reduce terrorism. The paper describes how much of the Third World is struggling in poverty and despair and people in these countries are becoming increasingly resentful of wealthy, powerful countries like the United States. The paper explains that this resentment is often taken advantage of by terrorist groups like Al Qaeda, which recruits people in these countries and trains them to become terrorists.
From the Paper
"Over the past fifty years, a debate has ensued regarding the effectiveness of American foreign aid to developing countries. Proponents of foreign aid, which is usually in the form of food, loans or direct financial assistance, contend that providing these forms of aid is an advantage because it improves political stability in these countries and helps to raise the standard of living of their people. Unfortunately, evidence from decades of American shipments of food and financial assistance to countries like Laos and Cambodia is mixed, for much of this aid rarely gets to the poverty-stricken people it was intended for. Critics of foreign aid claim that progress and self-reliance in developing countries cannot be achieved by handing them food and money."
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Foreign Aid, 2003.
An analysis of why the U.S. offers military and foreign aid to Egypt and Israel.
1,840 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the motivations of U.S. legislatures in authorizing and appropriating billions of dollars in foreign aid to Israel and Egypt. The paper critiques this policy, particularly the assistance to Israel, calling it an unethical policy that exhibits bias favoring the Jewish state.
From the Paper
"U.S. foreign policy regarding Israel and Egypt began to change after the formation of the State of Israel in 1948. Before this time, Britain was the reigning presence in the Middle East. The U.S. led the way and was the first..."
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American Foreign Aid, 2005.
This paper looks at America's foreign aid efforts and considers if it indeed helps countries in need.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 3 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper examines progress and self-reliance in developing countries and contends that this cannot be achieved by handing them food and money. The paper maintains that progress depends to a large extent upon instituting democracy, because free elections are the one political institution that can ultimately resolve many of the social, political, and economic problems these nations are experiencing.
From the Paper
"Due to the political perspectives of those concerned with this issue, there are widely divergent views concerning the success of American foreign aid efforts in developing countries to improve the income and quality of life of their populations. But the evidence of decades of American shipments of food and financial assistance to countries like Laos and Cambodia confirms that this aid is useless, for it rarely gets to the poverty-stricken people it was intended for. Progress and self-reliance in developing countries cannot be achieved by handing them food and money (Radelet 3-5). Progress depends to a large extent upon instituting democracy, because free elections are the one political institution that can ultimately resolve many of the social, political, and economic problems these nations are experiencing."
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U.S. Foreign Aid To Russia, 2002.
Contends that the American foreign policy and support of the Russian transformation has had mixed results.
6,750 words (approx. 27.0 pages), 30 sources, $ 135.95
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Abstract
Contends that the American foreign policy and support of the Russian transformation has had mixed results. Provides an overview of the transformation. Discusses Russia's system under Putin and concerns regarding the establishment of Democracy in Russia. Examines U.S. Programs (USAID, etc) to assist Russia and the functional powers of such aid. Discusses American foreign aid and Russia and past American bilateral assistance. Argues that American assistance to Russsia has not bolstered the country's Democratic institutions.
From the Paper
"The Russian Transformation and the Role of American Support
Introduction and Statement of Purpose
American foreign policy in general, and America's use of foreign aid or assistance in particular, has always been understood as reflective of both domestic and international political, security, economic and military concerns (Clad & Stone, 1993). Periodic electoral shifts in the period since the end of World War II have resulted in ideologically inspired shifts in aid policy, as in the abrupt tilt toward free-market development after 1981 and the beginning of the Reagan years; the collapse of the former Soviet Union in 1989, perhaps the major event shaping American foreign policy and aid decisions in the latter half of the century, also resulted in dramatic changes in America's bilateral and multilateral assistance programs (Clad & Stone ..."
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Foreign Aid, 1996.
Analyzes development of U.S. financial & military aid programs & recommends major cutbacks or elimination of most. Views of public & govt., Cold War policy, fiscal restraints, examples.
3,150 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 26 sources, $ 111.95
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From the Paper
"As the Republican-controlled Congress continues to attempt to sharply reduce the levels of foreign economic, humanitarian, and military aid, the politicians and the American public are increasingly being forced to confront the issue of what the foreign aid policy of the United States should be. Quite mistakenly, many people view the drive to curtail foreign aid and change the criteria of eligibility for such aid as a radical departure from traditional American policies. In actual fact, American foreign aid almost always has been a tool of American self-interest, or at least perceived self-interest. The major exception to this approach to American aid was decade from the mid-1970s ..."
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U.S. Economic Aid To Israel, 1999.
Overview of historical and global factors of U.S. foreign aid and aid to Israel in the context of realism in international relations. Discusses rationale, politics and conflicting U.S. domestic and foreign interests.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 38 sources, $ 95.95
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Abstract
As the Republican-controlled Congress continues to attempt to sharply reduce the levels of foreign economic, humanitarian, and military aid, the politicians and the American public are increasingly being forced to confront the issue of what the foreign aid policy of the United States should be. Quite mistakenly, many people view the drive to curtail foreign aid and change the criteria of eligibility for such aid as a radical departure from traditional American policies
From the Paper
"US ECONOMIC AID TO ISRAEL: WHO BENEFITS? WHY?
Introduction
As the Republican-controlled Congress continues to attempt to sharply reduce the levels of foreign economic, humanitarian, and military aid, the politicians and the American public are increasingly being forced to confront the issue of what the foreign aid policy of the United States should be. Quite mistakenly, many people view the drive to curtail foreign aid and change the criteria of eligibility for such aid as a radical departure from traditional American policies. In actual fact, American foreign aid almost always has been a tool of American self-interest, or at least perceived self-interest. The major exception to this approach to American aid was decade from the mid-1970s through the mid-1980s when, through implementation of the ..."
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State-Led Development vs. Foreign Investment, 2008.
Examines if Third World states should pursue economic development through state-led development or through foreign investments as in the cases of Malaysia and Uganda.
2,490 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that Third World states should pursue state-led economic development over development achieved through foreign investment. The paper states that Third World states that are indebted to other states and organizations will be susceptible to conditional loans and to the withholding of needed aid. The paper relates that countries that insist upon state-led development instead of upon foreign aid/investment are in a better-position to maintain appropriate working standards for domestic workers and to distribute resources to indigenous sectors that will spark economic growth and diversification. The paper then compares Malaysia, a country that tries to avoid reliance upon foreign investment to Uganda, a nation that is heavily dependent upon foreign investment. The paper concludes that Malaysia's approach works better.
From the Paper
"Supporters of foreign investment as a tool for national economic development may be in the minority, but they keep returning to the fact that struggling countries in need of funds have little recourse but to turn to international lending bodies for assistance. They point to the fact that the IMF sanctioned a much-needed three-year, low-interest Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility worth nearly $180 million in Special Drawing Rights for Uganda. The World Bank, in the period 1989-90, also approved additional supplements totaling nearly $300 million."
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