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A Focus Group, 2005.
This paper discusses focus group research methodology and presents a complete focus group on classroom management.
6,200 words (approx. 24.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 145.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the main objective of the focus group was to gather information through a discussion group where a small sampling of professional instructors with varied levels of experience could clarify the hypothesis that effective classroom management results from a combination of positive social interaction, active engagement of students and reduction of negative behaviors that can distract students, resulting in an environment where learning can take place. The author points out that a focus group entails following a systematic process that incorporates the following: preparing a discussion agenda, designating a moderator, and preparing an outcome report. The paper relates that the focus group concluded that planning, communication of intention, consistency and humor were critical to effective classroom management.
Table of Contents
Background and Objectives
Methodology
Preparation and Developing the Discussion Guide
Selection of Focus Group Discussion Participants
Focus Group Recruitment Survey
Participants
Preparation for the Discussion Sessions and Session Logistics
Moderating the Sessions
Analysis of the Results
Summary and Considerations
Group Insights
Highlights of Findings
Effective Teacher
Importance of Classroom Management
Biggest Challenges in the Classroom
Classroom Discipline Training
Classroom Management Plan
Effectiveness of Participants' Classroom Management Skills
Define Classroom Management and an Effective Classroom Manager
Critical Skills
Multicultural Awareness
From the Paper
"One of the main objectives was to keep the conversation flowing for the majority of the three hour session. As moderator, it was my responsibility to keep control of the discussion session. When the participants got off track or ahead of the issue being discussed, it was my responsibility to pull the group back together. I also aimed to keep the discussion as informal as possible and I tried to encourage all of the participants to speak whatever was on their minds. This entailed missing out on opportunities to take detailed notes."
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Focus Group Interviews in Sociology, 2001.
An analysis of one of the qualitative research techniques - focus group interviews.
3,481 words (approx. 13.9 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 98.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the focus group interview. It describes this method and tries to find out why this research procedure works and why and how it is used. The writer also discusses the advantages and disadvantages of focus groups. In addition, the writer explains its detailed methodology, process of its planning, moderating of discussion, analyzing and reporting of obtained data. The writer concludes that the future of this qualitative technique is probably in online focus groups, although this new environment and new technology could also bring new problems and threats to the final outcome.
Outline:
What is Focus Group?
What is Focus Group Used For? Where is it Used?
Advantages of Focus Groups
Disadvantages of Focus Groups
Methodology of Focus Groups
From the Paper
"Focus group is a special qualitative research technique used for deeper understanding of a topic or a phenomena of interest. It is also sometimes called as group interviewing or controlled group discussion (Wimmer, Dominick 1991: 145). As submitted by Mahoney (1997) focus groups combine elements of both interviewing and participant observation. The group consists of 6 to 12 people being interviewed simultaneously by a moderator who leads and controls the discussion about a focal topic (Wimmer, Dominick 1991: 145). The composition of the group is relatively homogeneous along some predetermined meaningful characteristic (age, gender, social class, level of expertise, etc.). For example a focus group could consist of university teachers or engineering experts from one location to discuss an issue of relevance. Or other focus group might bring together all experts in a particular sector, e.g. transportation. There is a list of topics or specific questions which should be discussed in a permisive environment where points of view are not judged and consensus or decisions are not sought. Each respondent is viewed as having a valued poit-of-view (Williams 2001)."
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Focus Groups and Mental Health, 2006.
A discussion regarding focus groups in the arena of mental health.
1,033 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 20 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an examination of focus groups and their impact and use with mental health issues. The paper explores how to organize a focus group and goes on to discuss past focus groups in the mental health field and the outcome of their use.
Outline:
Introduction
Focus Groups
Mental Health Focus Groups
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Before one can begin to understand the importance and impact that focus groups have in the field of mental health one must understand focus groups in general. A focus group is a group of participants that have a stake in the topic at hand. Using newspapers as an example a focus group would be comprised of average readers. Some would be housewives, some would be business people and some would be politicians or movers and shakers that re typically in the news. The focus group is given a set of questions and they sit together with the newspaper editors, writers or management and discuss the questions in depth. Out of this discussion the newspaper draws key concepts and themes to later evaluate for possible use. One is organized by contacting members who are asked to be involved. A list of questions is prepared. The questions are generated by issues that the business is interested in studying or developing. "
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Solution-Focused Group Therapy, 2004.
An assessment of the efficacy of Solution-Focused Group Therapy for victims of childhood sexual abuse.
6,670 words (approx. 26.7 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 135.95
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Abstract
This paper studies the application of Solution-Focused Group Therapy (SFGT) to a group of men and women abused sexually as children. The paper begins by discussing the components of SFGT, including its techniques. The paper then focuses on the need to establish a solution-oriented, environment and action-oriented approach for members of the group.
From the Paper
"SFGT is an integration of solution-focused therapy and group therapy. In a radical deviation from the traditional psychotherapeutic approaches, that are problem-oriented solutions..."
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Questionnaires and Focus Groups, 2004.
An analysis of questionnaires and focus groups as methods of research.
1,697 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper defines two research methods, questionnaires and focus groups, and explains their advantages and disadvantages. Further, it provides real-world applications of the methods in the tourism industry to prove that both are helpful to explore industry-specific economic, social, and environmental dynamics, provided the research methods are applied appropriately.
From the Paper
"A questionnaire is a set of questions sent to the representatives of the target audience which they fill in and return (Purho, 2001). Format can be paper or electronic. Purho states that questionnaires are typically used in getting information that can be statistically analyzed such as satisfaction rates and demographic data. Therefore, questions are mostly closed questions that produce quantitative data based on yes/no answers or scale rankings. Some use is also made of open-ended questions that don't provide the respondent a set answer from which to choose ("Sociological research skills research methods")."
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The Focus Group Discussion (FGD) Plan, 2004.
The objective of this preliminary report is to present a Focus Group Discussion (FGD) plan that seeks to formulate recommendations to improve employee-employer relationships within the organization.
1,254 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper develops strategies that prevent: (a) the high rate of employee turn-over in the company; and (b) expected loss of additional personnel in the next 10 years through projected retirements. The FGD provides insights about the sentiments, thoughts, and opinions of the participants/discussants concerning the presence/absence of motivation, satisfaction, and effectiveness in working in the state highway agency.
From the Paper
"There will be a total of three (3) sessions for three different classes of employees that will be interviewed. The first session will be the group of maintenance managers and engineers, while the second session will be composed of the maintenance workers. Sessions 1 and 2 will have 6-10 participants each. The third session, however, will contain a mixed combination of maintenance managers, engineers, and workers. For each class, 4 participants will be selected, thus creating a session where 12 discussants will be participating.
The rationale behind these grouping of employees and the number of FGD sessions is to identify, in general, factors that affect employee motivation and satisfaction, as well as influences of employee retention and loyalty for the agency. The first two sessions that will be conducted (that is, those concerning maintenance workers, managers, and engineers) identifies the motivations and satisfaction of each class in relation to their jobs. The mixed group, session 3, aims to determine the relationship the agency has so far cultivated vis-?-vis its employees, i.e., over-all workplace environment and employee-employer relations."
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In-groups and Out-groups, 2005.
Examines the difference between in-groups and out-groups.
690 words (approx. 2.8 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 23.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the difference between in-groups and out-groups and gives real life examples of working in each type of group. It explores issues of stereotyping, belonging and bias.
From the Paper
"If we see someone else as belonging to the same group we are in we tend to have a positive view towards them and give them preferential treatment ..."
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Effect of Group Composition on Group Dynamics, 2004.
It?s not just a matter of bringing a group of people together; the sorts of people brought together can change the sort of group constructed.
4,361 words (approx. 17.4 pages), 19 sources, MLA, $ 114.95
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Abstract
This essay examines how the composition of a group, whether for therapeutic or business reasons, affects the outcomes and group goals that can eventuate. The essay contends that group composition needs to be both homogeneous and heterogeneous enough to allow for group processes to occur, i.e. group stages, for the group dynamic to progress and group goals to be achieved.
From the Paper
"While it is true that a group is made up of individuals, and without those individuals there would be no group, it is quite impossible to judge the ?sort of group? that will eventuate from merely examining the ?sorts of people? that constitute it. Doing so would be like ?explain[ing] the shifting pattern of a kaleidoscope by taking the tube to pieces and listing the fragments found inside? (Thompson and Kahn, 1970: 12). Systems theorists have long posited, in opposition to individual psychological explanations of group behaviour, that when individuals ?merge into a group? something new is created? (Lewin, 1951: 57). This new entity, although comprised of individuals, is believed to be ?greater than the sum of its parts? and thus the dynamic that is created within the group is not directly attributed to any one individual but rather the unique interrelationship between those individuals and the force that this interrelationship has on group functioning."
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"Joining Together: Group Theory And Group Skills" ( D. W. Johnson and F. P. Johnson ), 2002.
Examines the pattern of ideas in this book on group dynamics.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 1 source, $ 23.95
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Abstract
Examines the pattern of ideas in this book on group dynamics. Primacy of the group in individual life experience. Group theory applied to effective problem solving. Factors of effective communication, social interaction, cooperation and leadership. Idea that social interaction can function for good or ill. Dynamics of social interchange. Types of groups.
From the Paper
"This research examines the pattern of ideas in Joining Together: Group Theory & Group Skills by Johnson and Johnson, as well as the means by which the authors articulate their view of the primacy of group dynamics in individual life experience. The research will set forth the principal lines of thought in the text and then discuss the value of a solid grounding in group theory to the practice of effective problem solving via effective communication, social interaction, cooperation, and leadership.
Group theory cannot be understood apart from the concept of dynamics, i.e., that groups are living things, functioning as a consequence of communication and leadership (Johnson & Johnson, 2000, p. 38), and functioning in a continual state of change. Indeed, changing patterns of communication and leadership are the ..."
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Cold Stone Creamery, 2002.
This paper is based on a focus group conducted with four Mexican males regarding Cold Stone Creamery.
3,700 words (approx. 14.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 102.95
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Abstract
Cold Stone Creamery is a ice cream parlor concept that is considering expanding operations into Mexico. This paper enumerates upon the purpose, objectives, questions and finally recounts the focus group interaction. This interaction is followed up with secondary research and commentary on these findings.
From the Paper
"The purpose of the focus group was to obtain information regarding the Cold Stone Creamery brand and the products and services they offer. The information gained from this research can be used to assist in ascertaining the feasibility of expansion into Mexico. Currently, the company does not have any franchises internationally1. "
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Pain, 2006.
This in-depth paper details the results of both focus groups and clinical studies which provide a framework for clinicians to better understand and treat pain, based on the race and ethnicity of the patient.
6,093 words (approx. 24.4 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 143.95
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Abstract
This well-researched, two-part paper examines the cause, effect and treatment of self-reported pain in patients of varying ethnicities and cultures. When healthcare providers are faced with patients who are experiencing pain, there may be a number of confounding factors that serve to constrain developing an effective treatment modality, including the clinician's own cultural bias, prejudice or ignorance. This in-depth research paper identifies the cultural factors that play a role in influencing healthcare providers' decisions to medicate patients based on their ethnicity. The writer of this paper also details which, if any, cultural influences within the patients themselves may serve to constrain their ability to adequately communicate their respective levels of pain in self-reports. This paper details the various focus groups and clinical studies and their results which provide a framework for clinicians to better understand the treatment of pain based on the race and ethnicity of the patient.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Part One: Development of a Pain Assessment Tool Relevant to Clinical Background.
Epidemiology of Pain
Ecological Perspective
Developmental/Temporal Perspective
Epidemiology Measures
General Pain Assessment Tool Considerations
Part Two: Application of Assessment Tool
Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper
"Although pain is a virtually universal phenomenon, it is also a highly subjective experience that is characterized by a wide range of epidemiological considerations that will vary according to the individual, of course, but the cultural setting within which the pain management experience takes place as well. In the increasingly multicultural society that characterizes the United Kingdom today, clinicians are hard-pressed to understand the complex relationship of how organic processes interrelate with cultural factors that may be unapparent or unknown to them. Furthermore, compounding the problem of developing an effective pain assessment tool that can be used across-the-board is the fact that occupational, socioeconomic, psychosocial, and possibly geographic, cultural, and cohort differences, as well as differences in lifestyle risk factors such as smoking may be so powerful for pain management purposes that the influences of other factors such as age and gender are difficult to identify."
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Organizational Change, 2008.
This paper explores changing an organization's orientation program from classroom-based to field-based, with a focus on group homes.
1,777 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at a plan to change an organization's orientation program from theoretical or classroom-based to practical or field-based. The paper refers to the work of Kurt Lewin and George Kuh and devotes some time to looking at rational change theory and at a broad definition of the concept of structural change. The paper discusses how decision-makers in a group home must anticipate resistance, must inform their subordinates of why they are pursuing the course they are and must be prepared to let go of staff who refuse to change.
From the Paper
"To begin with, there are a number of different theories, models, concepts and contextual factors which come into play when we assess how best to change a group home's focus away from theoretical training for staff to field-based training for staff - with arguably the most significant insights coming from Kurt Lewin. Lewin (1947b) postulated that group behavior is best described as an intricate set of symbolic interactions which determine group structures as well as group behavior. In a real sense, the shape of things - and the conduct of individuals - was resolved by the enveloping "field" or environment."
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The Continental Group, Inc., 2005.
A strategic plan for The Continental Group, Inc. focusing on each of the company's divisions.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 1 source, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the current status of The Continental Group, Inc., from strategic viewpoint. It focuses on each of Continental's divisions, financial services, energy, packaging, and forest products is examined vis-a-vis Continental's long-term growth and particularly its 5-year strategic outlook. The paper makes a final recommendation that Continental should sell its packaging and forest products divisions in order to finance the capital investments necessary for its financial services and energy divisions to grow.
From the Paper
"Strategic Planning--Continental Situational Overview The Continental Group, Inc. is a company that has been winnowed down to four primary divisions. These divisions form a corporation that is in desperate need of a corporate identity. While Continental has been somewhat successful managing its enterprises in the past, its seeming lack of a unified corporate vision will impede profitability and growth over the next decade unless a cohesive strategy is formulated and a corporate culture founded on a more unified business structure can be instilled in the corporation moving forward. Continental's 4 primary divisions at the present time are: * Financial Services: this division includes American Life Insurance Company which is a network of brokerage agents and representatives. It also contains a mortgage company, mortgage insurance, and real-estate related financial services. "
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In and Out Groups in Organizational Theory, 2007.
A discussion of organizational theory with regards to in-groups and out-groups within the business environment.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper examines organizational theory regarding in-groups and out-groups and how this theory is critical in today's business environment because of the emphasis on teams and team formation. The paper explains that in-groups and out-groups are important for organizational leaders to understand and comprehend at risk of allowing an organization to fall into disarray and inefficiency. The paper also discusses how the differences between these two types of groups within the organization are stark - one group can be characterized by its inclusion and its sense of accomplishment and trust while the other can be characterized by its marginality and its lack of inclusiveness in any decision-making processes. The paper also points out that the effect of these two types of groups on any given organization is almost always negative but sometimes their full impact is not noticed until long after they form. In conclusion, the paper shows that leaders and managers need to be aware of these groups and ensure that no employees are isolated or excluded from the requisite inclusion within the business and organizational processes of the organization itself.
Outline:
Overview
In-Group Experience
Out-Group Experience
Differences
Effect of These Groups
Membership & Performance
Leadership Factors
From the Paper
"Often, membership in these groups is not necessarily related to task or task performance. While an individual completely botching a task might potentially land them in the out-group, generally these groups form based on inter-personal reasons and relationships with various other co-workers and with management (Harris 142). As previously mentioned, group formation is not necessarily a bad thing to happen in the context of an organization. The danger is that such groups, if not properly managed, can lead to ostracizing and isolating valuable employees and even fellow team members."
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Group Therapy, 2007.
This paper analyzes the pros and cons of same sex groups versus mixed groups in group therapy.
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 16 sources, APA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper evaluates current research about group therapy, in particular the advantages and the disadvantages of having the same sex individuals in one single group. The writer examines the types of groups that exist for therapy, including those focused on a single issue, such as illness. The author discusses the goals of group therapy, which include creating and maintaining healthy relationships. The author concludes that group therapy is more positive when both sexes participate, as the purpose of group therapy is ultimately to train the patient for a future that will enable him to lead a normal and productive life in the outside world.
From the Paper
"One case example can be studied to illustrate exactly how, when a member of the opposite sex joined a group of the same sex, in this case, a group of women, the entire tenor and the very tone of the group underwent a drastic change. The case is about a group of four women, with a woman group leader. These women found that they were able to share their feelings with openness and honesty, and that they were able to express a wide range of feelings amongst themselves. However, all the women would joke amongst themselves about when a man would enter the group, and when it was announced that a man would soon be joining their group, almost all the women immediately associated their feelings about the men in their lives, perhaps a violent boyfriend, or an abusive brother, or a chauvinistic father, with this man. (Alonso; Swiller, 1993)"
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