| Papers [1-15] of 23 :: [Page 1 of 2] | | Go to page : 1 2 —> | Search results on "FLAGELLA SALMONELLA E COLI": |
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Flagella of Salmonella and E.coli, 2003.
A study on the structure and assembly of flagella of Salmonella and E.coli, written in layman's terms.
1,476 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 36 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This report explains in detail the function, structure and assembly of flagella in E.coli and Salmonella, using plain language and a number of diagrams. Movement (chemotaxis) is the primary function of flagella but its design also incorporates efficient repair capability and antigenic variation. In Salmonella and E.coli the flagellar filament is a homopolymer of flagellin monomers, although other species (such as Helicobacter) build their flagella from mixtures of two types of subunit. All the properties of the functioning filament are reflected in the structure of the flagellin monomer, which has conserved and variable regions, regions targeted by chaperones and coiling enzymes and regions evolved specifically for interaction between monomers. Chemotaxis is driven by a proton motive force (as in oxidative phosphorylation) and the basal complex that converts this energy into rapid rotation of the flagellum is highly complex.
From the Paper
"Many bacteria are motile and exhibit chemotaxis ? migration through the extracellular medium towards attractants (e.g. carbon sources), and away from repellents (e.g. antibiotics). The majority move using flagella ?protein structures variable in number and position (Box 1) that generate thrust by rotating like propellers. Flagella are 15nm in diameter and can be observed under light microscopy after thick metal staining or using advanced microscopy techniques such as electron microscopy. Because of the competitive advantages of chemotaxis, there has been strong selection for efficient chemotactic apparatus and flagellar efficiency. The flagellum is based in the bacterial surface layers where a complex array of proteins forms the flagellar motor. Resembling the electric rotary motor and the membrane-bound F1F0-ATPase, and powered by a proton influx across the inner membrane, this highly efficient machine is merely 30nm in diameter. Its mechanism is the subject of ongoing research."
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The E-Coli Bacillus, 2008.
This paper discuses the e-coli bacillus, which has been responsible for a profusion of e-coli outbreaks in recent years.
850 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the e-coli bacillus is a microbe about which much is known but has defied efforts to stamp out its unpleasant impact upon human health. The author points out that these extraordinarily tiny cells are invisible to the naked human eye and can accumulate in vast quantities in food preparation areas without individuals being aware of them. The paper relates that e-coli cells are prokaryotic and distinguished by a single, circular chromosome; such cells also contain DNA as plasmids. The author states that, in simple cases of e-coli poisoning, rehydration is essential; however, there is no evidence that antibiotics improve the course of the disease and/or expedite recovery and anti-diarrheal agents are strongly discouraged. The paper concludes that this tiny "bug" certainly seems resilient enough to cause human beings misery for some time to come.
From the Paper
"The living environment and the reproductive process of the e-coli cell are also interesting. Simply put, e-coli most commonly flourish in the intestines of warm-blooded animals. In terms of reproduction, the process is simply one of binary fission, with the circular DNA chromosome replicated. The cell splits into two identical cells with each cell having the same DNA; it should be pointed out that, during the fission process, the identical chromosomal material attaches itself to different parts of the cell membrane so that "replicate" material is firmly anchored where it needs to be when the cell begins to pull apart and halve."
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Growing and Enumerating E.coli Colonies, 2007.
This paper concerns experiments within the field of microbiology and discusses growing and enumerating E.coli colonies.
1,025 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
The writer points out that the purpose of this laboratory was to acquire fundamental knowledge and experience in microbiological procedures, specifically in growing bacterial colonies on a nutrient medium under controlled conditions. In this case, Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria were grown on nutrient agar, contamination was minimized by keeping the surroundings sterile, and all agar plates were incubated. The writer notes that the first part involved making five serial dilutions from a bacterial suspension in order to pinpoint colony numbers. The second experiment compared two methods of spreading bacteria across agar plates using streaks. The goal was to isolate single colonies. Lastly, the third portion of the laboratory involved replicating plates from a master plate in order to isolate strains of mutant bacteria onto different nutrient mediums and determine bacterial auxotrophy to these nutrients.
Outline:
Introduction
Materials and Methods
Results
Discussion
References
From the Paper
"In the streaking experiment, method B proved to be much more effective for isolating single colonies. The different streaking methods may have contributed to the morphological differences between the E. coli on the two plates. There were evident differences in the size and colour. Since method B was dominated by spaced out single colonies, the darker colour and larger size can be attributed to more nutrients being available to each colony, and more room (surface area) for growth. For the same reason, the more crowded groups of bacteria on the method A plate were a lighter colour and generally smaller. Aside from these two differences, the E. coli shared great resemblance, and based on morphology alone, should not be classified as different species. Nonetheless, the only way to determine whether or not two sets of visibly different bacteria are genetically different is to actually observe their DNA."
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E. Coli, 2001.
This paper discusses using the bacteria E. coli for molecular genetic research.
4,215 words (approx. 16.9 pages), 14 sources, APA, $ 112.95
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Abstract
This a detailed, and well researched paper discussing how e. coli can be prepared and used for study of Molecular genetics. The author looks at how e.coli lends is an ideal candidate for this area because it is such a simple organism. The paper also examines how scientists have been immeasurably helped in their progression of learning about the fundamentals of molecular genetics by the fact that E. coli can be induced into competence through a number of methods. The paper includes numerous illustrations.
From the Paper
"Most of us, when we think of Escherichia coli at all, tend not to have very pleasant associations with the organism. It is in fact among the organisms that are most likely to affect (and infect) households. While E. coli is actually an integral part of the normal gastrointestinal flora, certain strains can cause diarrhea, fever and vomiting by one of three ways: by giving off toxins, by directly invading the mucosal lining of the intestinal wall, or by adhering to the intestinal wall. A person infected with E. coli may also have malaise or overall weakness and abdominal cramps. And a new virulent strain of E. coli, which is passed to humans via contaminated and improperly stored or prepared food, can cause a fatal kidney condition ? a finding that has prompted public health and food industry officials to suggest changes in the meat-inspection process, including the irradiation of some ground beef. But the bad name that E. coli deserves as a very nasty bug that infects humans must be offset by the fact that study of this organism has vastly increased our understanding of the field of molecular genetics. This paper outlines some of the most important basic principles of this field by focusing on the specific findings that studying E. coli have allowed scientists to derive."
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Gray Mold and Salmonella, 2002.
This paper studies gray mold, one of the most common and serious diseases of strawberries, and salmonella poisoning, one of the most common bacteria found in tainted poultry.
1,397 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper is a study of the causes of gray mold, a serious disease of strawberries, and salmonella, a common bacteria found in tainted poultry. Experiments that were conducted to cause spoilage of strawberries under different storage conditions, and to detect salmonella in meat or poultry, are explained and discussed in terms of the results they produced.
From the Paper
"Gray mold is one of the most common and serious diseases of strawberries caused by a fungus (Ries, 2001). It is caused by Botrytis cinerea and it thrives during rainy and cloudy periods just before or during harvest. The gray mold fungus winters as many minute, irregular, black, fungal bodies (sclerotica) and as dormant mycelia on many kinds of plant debris, such as dead leaves, stems and fruit, and these sclerotica produce large numbers of microscopic spores (conidia) in the spring which are spread by wind, splashing water, and human activity."
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Salmonella, 2004.
A biology paper about the bacteria known as salmonella.
870 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper begins by explaining that salmonella is a bacteria that causes intestinal illnesses to humans. It looks at the diseases it causes and provides a classification of the agent that causes the illnesses. It discusses how the disease enters the body and the signs and symptoms. It concludes with a discussion of treatment and recovery rate of sufferers.
Table of Contents
I. Name of Pathogen
II. Name of the Disease
III. Classification of the Agent
IV. Portal of Entry (Mode of Transmission)
V. Signs and Symptoms
VI. Treatment of Disease
VII. Recovery Rate
From the Paper
"Salmonellosis is the disease caused by salmonella bacteria (Medical Consumer Guide). It can be acquired through several modes of transmission such as eating contaminated foods, handling of animals with salmonella bacteria, and person-to-person transmission. Because of such common modes of transfer, salmonellosis has been one of the major health problems in many countries today, particulary in the North America and Europe."
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Odwalla Inc. and E.Coli Outbreak, 2002.
Examines the 1996 E.Coli virus outbreak through the consumption of Odwalla Inc. juice and the steps taken by the company to reinstate its positive image.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 2 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the E.Coli outbreak that took place in 1996 when 70 children were found infected with the virus after drinking Odwalla's apple juice. The Court heavily penalized the company as it was revealed during FDA investigation that Odwalla was not following proper quality control measures and its products were not being tested for bacterial contamination. Douglas Levin had to take drastic measures to win back the trust of Odwalla's customers.
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Isolation of Esherichia coli Bacteriophages from Sewage, 2002.
This paper is a laboratory experiment using sewer water, which contains a large concentration of E.coli, to locate the bacteriophage to be isolated.
1,215 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 2 sources, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper reports on an experiment in which, using sewage water to locate the E.coli bacteriophage, the bacteriophage was isolated from the original culture and placed in an enriched medium to grow and reproduce. The author continues that each one of the plaques represents a viron from the original culture, and, by counting the plaques, they were able to determine the concentration of bacteriophages in the culture. The author reports that findings among the different lab groups differed significantly, but this could be explained by the fact that the experiments were performed on separate days a week apart.
Table of Contents
Abstract
Introduction
Materials and Methods
Results
Discussion
From the Paper
"E.coli was grown for 48 hrs in TSB tubes at 37degrees C by the lab assistant. (Sewage from the Cheney Sewage Works.) The sewage was then centrifuged and the bacteria containing portion was filtered using a 100 mL filter apparatus. I picked up my E.coli and filtered sewage from the lab assistant. Next, I gathered 7 plates of triptocase soy agar. These were labeled 1x10^-3 to 1x10^-9 and placed into the incubator to bring their temperature up to that of the bacteria/phage solution to be added later. 9 Eppendorf tubes were labeled 1x10^-1 to 1x10^-9, these were then set aside. Sterile saline was then gathered and using a Beckman autopipetter. I transferred 900 uL of sterile saline into each Eppendorf tube."
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The E-Coli Outbreak, 2007.
This paper discusses the 1996 outbreak of E-Coli 0157:H7 caused by unpasteurized apple juice.
1,038 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
The paper relates the outbreak of E. coli that was found to have been caused by unpasteurized apple juice sold under the brand name of Odwalla. The paper discusses how the company did not shirk its responsibility and this ensured that the public perception of the company was a positive one. The paper highlights the CEO's notable response and illustrates how the first reaction by the company involved is of critical importance. The paper points out, however, that if the company would have exercised the same care beforehand, the company's losses and lessons from this experience would have been avoided and unnecessary.
From the Paper
"When this type of event takes place, the first response by the company involved is of critical importance. When Odwalla's CEO Stephen Williamson responded he did so with sincerity and sympathy that was quite notable."
"Not only was the recall handled in a professional and timely manner, but Williamson also initiated other reforms that were just as timely and they proved quite effective in the long run as well."
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Salmonella, 2005.
This paper discusses the bacteria salmonella and its different species.
1,380 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the size, shape, Gram-stain, metabolism, culture conditions (temperature, pH etc.), survival and the habitat of the bacteria salmonella and its different species. The author points out the way it infects humans, the diseases it causes and how it causes them. The paper relates the way anti-microbials are used to fight diseases it causes and how it is developing anti-microbial resistance.
From the Paper
"Salmonellae are a Gram-negative flagellated facultative anaerobes of the family Enterobacteriaceae Giannella Morphology. They are small rod-shaped bacilli with a polysaccharide capsule characterized by their O H and V antigens. The organisms produce H S from ..."
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E. Coli, 2001.
Effects on body of different strains or organism. Types of E. coli. Epidemiology, clinical manifestations, treatment.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 8 sources, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"Escherichia coli is a gram positive, facultative anaerobe that occupies a symbiotic relationship with the large intestine of several animals including that of humans. This mutually beneficial arrangement provides adequate nutrition and safe haven for the encapsulated bacteria while providing the host with vitamin K and B-complexes (Tierney et al., 1998). E. coli is rapidly introduced into the sterile newborn through food, water and as a direct result of the birthing process. The host?s colon is rapidly colonized by these and other bacteria that compete among themselves for position and acquisition of resources.
E. coli is the most common cause of urinary tract infections and ..."
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E Coli Outbreak, 1996.
Examines causes, effects & response of Jack in the Box to 1993 hamburger contamination.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 7 sources, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"The issue of quality is one that has dominated discussion in American business in recent years. Quality circles, quality plans, total quality management and similar topics have become popular topics for articles in scholarly and popular magazines. For most companies, poor quality in their products mean that their profits suffer, and their customers may endure some inconvenience, or even financial losses. In the food industry, poor quality can lead to sickness, or even death. This is the situation that confronted one of the nation's largest fast-food operators, Jack In The Box in 1993 when four customers died and hundreds of others suffered ill health effects from an outbreak of E. coli after eating contaminated hamburger at the restaurants. Since that time, Jack In The Box, which is owned by Foodmaker, Inc., has tried..."
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Crisis Management at Odwalla, Inc., 2002.
This paper discusses crisis management by Odwalla, Inc., a natural, unpasteurized fruit juice company, after a fatal outbreak of E. coli O157:H7 in their apple juice.
1,315 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that although most small companies would never have survived an E. coli crisis, Odwalla weathered the storm and is now the subject of a best practice studies on crisis management. The author points out that Odwalla was not innocent and committed major management errors: Significant flaws in its safety procedures, poorly maintained citrus-processing equipment, an insular culture without a clear system of corporate checks and balances, no internal oversight procedure and a board of directors comprised of business friends of its founder. The paper reports that some of the crisis management included the company accepted full responsibility for the crisis, in all interviews with the media, expressed sympathy and regret for all those affected and promised that the company would pay all medical costs.
From the Paper
"Most importantly, Odwalla took steps to stop the problem that had caused the E. coli contamination in the first place. The company admitted that its neglect of pasteurization had been wrong and moved quickly to introduce a process called ?flash pasteurization? which could guarantee that E. coli had destroyed while maintaining better flavor that pasteurization. Odwalla also invested $1.5 million in new safety procedures within a year of the recall. Today, the company adheres to a Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points program that exceeds FDA requirements, tests every batch of juice for purity, performs daily microbiological tests, and leads the charge for higher government standards across the juice industry. While Odwalla?s public relations campaign was a success, it?s important to remember that the company was guilty of criminal charges of selling tainted apple justice and was fined $1.5 million, the largest ever assessed by the FDA. Odwalla accepted responsibility for the poisonings by portraying itself as unaware of the health dangers of unpasteurized juice, but this doesn?t appear to be the case. Nonetheless, the public responded favorably to Odwalla?s highly lauded crisis management tactics."
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Walkerton Drinking Water, 2002.
Examines the 2000 e-coli epidemic in Walkerton, ON and drinking water proposals.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 6 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the outbreak of e-coli in Walkerton, Ontario in 2000. It looks at its causes and effects. It also evaluates the recommendations of the Walkerton Inquiry.
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Walkerton and 'Good Red Tape', 2002.
An assessment of the Canadian government's handling of the Walkerton E.Coli water contamination in 2000.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 8 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the public health disaster in Walkerton, Ontario when 7 people died from E. Coli in the water supply in the early summer of 2000. It assesses the government decisions that made the Ministry of the Environment's regulatory regime vulnerable to failure. It also identifies the government's neo-conservative philosophy as the key factor in the breakdown.
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