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Fiscal Policies after 9/11, 2002.
A discussion about the use and effect of the fiscal policies instituted by the American government to revive the economy after 9/11.
1,441 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the differences between monetary policies and fiscal policies and explains why it was thought that after September 11, fiscal policies were the only tools that could help regularize the markets and control the slowing economy. The paper looks at some of these policies which indirectly control the financial markets and also help in accelerating business activities in the country.
From the Paper
"The two important fiscal measures are tax reduction and lower interest rates. When businesses stop producing adequate amount of goods and services, government encourages them by offering attractive incentives mostly in the form of lower interest rates. These rates make borrowing easier and induce producers to invest more in business to increase production level. However the important reason why producers stop producing during tough economic times is because of lack of consumer interest. Consumer spending shrinks dramatically and less is spent on goods and services, which automatically results in lower production. This is a simple demand and supply concept which becomes more pronounced during bad economic times."
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United States Fiscal and Monetary Policies, 2007.
An analysis of the fiscal policy and monetary policy of the United States.
980 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses both the fiscal policy and the monetary policy of the United States. It describes the history behind the policies and how they have changed over time. It also discusses some of the factors that have influenced their changes. The paper also briefly discusses the differences between the fiscal policy and the monetary policy.
Table of Contents:
Fiscal Policy
Monetary Policy
From the Paper
"In addition to discount window lending discussed previously, the Federal Reserve can control economic growth either by engaging in open market operations (the buying and selling of U.S. Treasury and federal agency securities in the open market) or by changing reserve requirements (requirements for the amount of funds that depository institutions must hold in reserve against deposits made by their customers) (Monetary policy). In open market operations, the Federal Reserve can inject money into the system by buying securities which will help stimulate the economy and fight deflation. Conversely, when it sells securities it pulls money out of the system which will help slow economic growth and fight inflation. Increasing reserve ratio requirements would be a policy to counter inflation and slow growth because they banks have less deposits available for loans; decreasing the ratio would do exactly the opposite."
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Monetary Versus Fiscal Policies: Conflict or Cohesion, 2007.
An examination of the monetary and fiscal policies and their links to economic stabilization.
2,077 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that at root of an economy are factors of overall income versus consumption rates within the economy. The writer discusses the similarity in the objectives of the monetary and fiscal policies. In the conclusion the paper shows that while fiscal and monetary policy are designed to work in tandem they are often in a state of conflict, not because of systemic marginalities, but because of the political motivations of those controlling the government.
From the Paper
"Monetary policy is typically an area of responsibility that rests the central bank structure within the U.S. and is directed by the Federal Reserve Chairman. Fiscal policy is a responsibility that generally rests with the federal government. Monetary policy and fiscal policy both are concerned about short term economic performance but monetary policy is ideally designed to increase gross domestic product (GDP) and to control for inflationary pressures in the long-term. Conversely, fiscal policy is normally aligned with principles of short run economic growth while controlling long term economic expansion associated with overheated economic activities."
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America's Post 9/11 Self-Image, 2005.
This paper discusses the effect the events of 9/11 and post 9/11 measures on America's view of itself in terms of its own might, its ability to secure its own citizens and to detect new kinds of enemies.
3,275 words (approx. 13.1 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 93.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, as much as America would like to believe that its own self-image has not changed as a result of the events of 9/11, Americans, who saw themselves as the supreme force in the world, are now forced to acknowledge that their might has significant limitations. The author points out that, in the aftermath of the destruction, the United States came to realize that it had prepared for the wrong war by having anticipated another conventional war in which enemies with uniforms from specific nations would square off against U.S. military personnel in armed combat. The paper contends that the manner in which the US attempted to garner support for the war in Iraq is evidence that America's vision of itself has been modified as suggested by President Bush's frequent inclusive of other countries and the U.N. and his moderate tones with international diplomacy.
Table of Contents
Introduction
American Dominance
Attacking the Image
Image Altering Changes
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Prior to the bloody and vicious attacks against the United States on that bright September morning in 2001 the American self-view of superiority, might and some may even say invincibility, were as solid and as unshakable as the World Trade Towers themselves. Americans saw their own might in the context of previous victories during the prior century and in the light that that was naturally cast by the sole super power in the world. Hence, the Americans viewed their own status as nearly incapable of being challenged let alone defeated. Symptomatic of this self-aggrandizing view was the almost complete ignorance and utter lack of understanding regarding the hate that was directed at the West and in particular directed at the United States. Indeed, the sleeping giant seemed wholly unaware of the growing anger and resentment toward the country. However, with the destruction of the Twin Towers and the resulting actions that were taken after the terrible events of that day, it has been incumbent on the American people to compulsorily revaluate themselves and to make serious changes in the way the nation viewed its own levels of strength that had clearly been at least partially complicit in facilitating the terrorist attacks against the U.S."
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Evaluating Fiscal Policy Alternatives, 2007.
This paper presents a simulation for evaluating changes in fiscal policy and its effects.
958 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
The paper provides a summary of a simulation for using fiscal policy tools to manage a fictitious country called Erehwon. The paper relates that government spending and taxation are fiscal policy tools that affect the real GDP and aggregate income of the economy. The paper shows how increases and decreases in government spending and taxes aid in managing recession and inflation. The paper concludes that there are no actions to guarantee optimum results, so policy makers must be flexible and evaluate the effectiveness of fiscal policy changes. The paper also applies these principles to the workplace.
Outline:
Abstract
Effects of Fiscal Policy Changes
Key Fiscal Policy Points
Workplace Application
Growing Further Assessments
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Fiscal policy is a tool used by federal governments to regulate the economy. This paper provides a summary of a simulation for using fiscal policy tools to manage a fictitious country called Erehwon. Erehwon is a small country with a population of 30 million with an average income of $1,300. The literacy rate is 56% for males and 35% for females. Only11 million individuals are in the labor force and 20% of the population lives below the poverty line. The country suffers from an inadequate infrastructure for transportation, communication and banking services. The government must manage the fiscal tools of government spending and taxation to improve the health of the economy and strengthen the country's infrastructure."
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Carl Jung and 9/11, 2006.
An explanation of 9/11 in the eyes of Carl Jung.
987 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
In this article the author looks at the events of 9/11 and its aftermath through the eyes of Carl Jung. He examines how Jung would have reacted to the events of 9/11. He points out that Jung believed very strongly in coincidence. But, would he have thought that 9/11 was a coincidence, something hidden in the collective unconsciousness. Maybe the unconscious beliefs of government officials, the CIA and FBI who knew that there was something going to happen, but didn't know when or where or even how. The paper goes on to describe how Jung would have categorized the different reactions of the American people after 9/11 in his terms of introvert and extrovert personalities. The author examines the different archetypes that Jung proposed in terms of 9/11. The paper concludes with the statement that even Jung would have not have been able to explain the "why?" of the terrorist attacks and what they hoped to accomplish.
From the Paper
"Jung dreamt a great deal about the dead, the land of the dead, and the rising of the dead. These represented the unconscious itself -- not the "little" personal unconscious that Freud made such a big deal out of, but a new collective unconscious of humanity itself. It would be interesting to assume that the thousands who died at the World Trade Center, the Pennsylvania field and at the Pentagon were somehow part of a Jungian dream. But, while we might think of Freud and Jung as seeing psychosis in dreams, Jung was more realistic. "Jung felt that, if you want to understand the jungle, you can't be content just to sail back and forth near the shore. You've got to get into it, no matter how strange and frightening it might seem" (Boeree 1)."
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After 9-11, 2008.
Looks at attitudes and events leading up to 9-11 and the changes in the U.S. after this terrorism.
3,220 words (approx. 12.9 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 92.95
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Abstract
This paper states that 9-11 should not have been such a surprise because the country really should have expected that something like this would happen especially given the World Trade Center attack in 1992. The paper relates several reasons for 9-11, including the U.S. support for Israel, the U.S. failure to understand Islam and the first Gulf War. The paper also identifies responses to 9-11, such as attacking the terrorists wherever they can be found, the Patriot Act and other powers that the Bush administration have taken. The paper then examines the Patriot Act as the primary legislation designed in part to correct perceived lapses in law enforcement, to fill holes in security, to stop terrorists from getting the funding they need, and to alter certain laws in order to make the job of law enforcement easier in terms of fighting terrorism.
From the Paper
"The attitude that McAlister (2001) identifies is orientalism, the image of the "Orient" expressed as an entire system of thought and scholarship and as seen in popular media during any given era. McAlister writes well and has shaped her argument in a logical and chronological fashion at one and the same time. In the popular media, such an attitude serves as a kind of shorthand that also has pernicious effects. The use of the Arab as a villain seems to have increased in recent years in a way that shows that Americans have an antipathy to Muslims, fueled, no doubt, by certain events on the international scene."
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Governmental Fiscal and Monetary Policies, 2006.
A look at different fiscal and monetary tools employed by the government to correct inflation and counter recessions and depressions.
1,445 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper explains the remedies sometimes used by the government in order to correct extreme fluctuations in the economy. The paper also examines former U.S. President Reagan's economic policies and the damage it caused to the country. Reagan's economic policies, the paper explains, rejected long held principles founded by famed British economist John Maynard Keynes and, in so doing, caused a resurgence of monopolies, an increase in the government and national debt, and an increase in the poverty and unemployment rates.
From the Paper
"Every nation's economy goes through so-called business cycles, the extremes of which are recessions and sometimes depressions (also known as severe recessions). During these times unemployment is high and business is not operating at full capacity. In principal, the Federal Reserve's policy is to correct such cycles, by becoming counter cyclical (acting in the opposite direction of where the economy is heading). Critics who keep tabs on the Fed accuse it of not being productive because of how long it takes the Fed to act. They claim that by the time the Fed starts reducing the money supply it is already time to increase it."
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Fiscal Policy Simulation, 2005.
A discussion on fiscal policy and how it relates to the management of a national economy.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 1 source, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the concept of fiscal policy and how it relates to the management of a national economy. The economic indicators of GDP, GDP growth, and employment are examined in relation to their estimation of an economy's health. Fiscal policies that allow manipulation of an economy are also examined, such as government spending on infrastructure, spending on education, and governmental policies on taxation.
From the Paper
"The changes to fiscal policy in the simulation had immediate and long-lasting effects on the economy of Erehwon. During periods of high or runaway inflation the government is obligated to cut spending across the board where possible. As President, such spending cuts on infrastructure and education programs are never popular, either with the public or other political representatives who have to face their constituents with the news of program cuts. During recessionary periods, the government was forced to spend itself out of recession and, if not congressionally blocked, to run a higher than average deficit. While the public may be happy with the results the long-term effect on the economy of such measures are not positive. Additionally, during a recession taxes should be reduced."
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The 9/11 Terrorist Attacks, 2004.
An analysis of the 9/11 terrorist attacks and what they have taught America.
1,948 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses and analyzes the topic of terrorism. Specifically, it examines the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks (9/11) that destroyed the World Trade Center and caused thousands of deaths. The paper attempts to determine what we have learned from the attacks and what has been done since 9/11 to prevent future attacks.
From the Paper
"Few Americans will dispute that the nation, and even the world, has changed since the terrorist attacks of 9/11. Two researchers into terrorism wrote, "Since September 11, America has been on a war footing, with armed soldiers standing guard at our nation's airports, enhanced security at nuclear power plants and other vulnerable locations, and military jets flying combat air patrols in order to intercept and shoot down hijacked commercial aircraft" (Klinger & Grossman, 2002). Before the terrorist attacks many Americans felt that something as devastating as the 9/11 attacks could never occur here. They were wrong, and the attacks proved the country is indeed vulnerable and open to attack from afar. The country learned the hard way that there is much more that can be done to prevent terrorist attacks, and that sometimes personal freedom has to come second to national security. As the aftermath of the attacks overtook the country, American learned that many industries, such as the airline industry, were also vulnerable to lost business because of the attacks, and thousands of people lost their jobs as industries cut back to cut costs."
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Fiscal Policy in Canada, 2002.
A review of the changes needed in fiscal policy in Canada today.
1,556 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an ideal fiscal policy for Canada in today's economic climate. The paper begins with a background on Canada's current economic situation, including a look at some literature on the topic. The writer then explores the problem of public expenditure and tax policy in Canada to date. The paper continues with a review of possible changes in North American fiscal and money policy before offering some recommendations based on the study, which include lowering taxes and debt.
From the Paper
"The Bank of Canada may need to raise interest rates further to prevent rising inflation. Canada's money stock grew an explosive 24 percent over the past year. When money is abundant, households and businesses gain confidence and raise their spending. When, as at present, the economy is operating close to capacity, this extra spending is likely to push up inflation. apid money growth may not imply higher inflation if the economy's demand for money is growing at the same pace."
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"The Looming Tower: Al-Qaeda and the Road to 9/11", 2008.
A critical book review of Lawrence Wright's "The Looming Tower: Al-Qaeda and the Road to 9/11."
2,595 words (approx. 10.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 78.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how Lawrence Wright's "The Looming Tower: Al-Qaeda and the Road to 9/11 "contains a wealth of information and gives some real insight into just what on earth caused the horrifying terrorist attack of 9/11. The paper looks at how the book includes key themes such as the origins of the extremist Islamist ideology that would fuel Al-Qaeda, and the way it was fanned into extremism by the horrors of torture in Egyptian jails in the 1980s. The paper also examines how the book describes how it was possible for American intelligence to fail so utterly to foresee or prevent the disaster.
From the Paper
"Wright traces the origins of Al-Qaeda all the way back to Egypt, beginning in 1948 in Alexandria with Sayyid Qutb, foreign student in the USA - who would later write some of the books that would inspire and inflame those Muslim radicals who were turning to Takfir (the mirror image of Islam, which purports to be orthodox, while at the same time encouraging murder). Geographically his extensive background spans universities in Egypt, building construction sites in Saudi Arabia, the war in Afghanistan, the rise of the Taliban, the setting up of radical Muslim cells in Pakistan - not to mention Qutb's happy days in Greeley, Colorado."
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The Effects of 9/11 as a Crisis on Policy-Making, 2007.
An analysis of the long and short-term effects of 9/11 on policy-making in the United States.
1,585 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the effects of the terrorist attacks of 9/11 upon policy-making in the short and long-term in the United States. It focuses on the roles of the media, public opinion, the Congress and the White House. The paper suggests that 9/11 has profoundly changed the relationship between the President and Congress and has, at the same time, presented unique challenges for policy-makers who must deal with a hostile press and public opinion.
From the Paper
"The first of the groups to be discussed is the media. While it is commonplace to argue that the media does not really have any "great" impact upon policy-making decisions - chiefly because it tends to lurch quickly from one crisis to another in response to what it perceives to the public's short attention span (Kingdon, 62; Downs, 38-50) - the reality might be somewhat different. For one thing, as Bernard C. Cohen wrote long ago, the media has historically been the chief means by which people who might otherwise have little contact with one another communicate with one another - simply because the public coverage devoted to a topic brings that topic to the attention of otherwise disparate groups (Cohen, 39-45; see also Kingdon, 63)."
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Changes Since 9/11, 2006.
This paper discusses changes in the U.S. society following 9/11.
759 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses three changes in the U.S. society present following the horrifying terrorist attacks of 9/11. The writer examines the subject of new airline security measures. The writer concludes that the changes post-9/11 have been profound, both in a political and a cultural sense. The writer notes that the only marginally acceptable changes among the three types discussed in this paper are those involving air travel. Even so, the writer maintains that while they make travel safer theoretically, they have also made it less convenient and more costly, and the jury is still out on whether the added layers of security are really useful or just psychologically comforting.
From the Paper
"Airport security seemed to be the most visible venue for implementing new 'security' measures post-9/11. It must be said; both the USA Patriot Act and the airport security measures seem a lot like shutting the barn door after the horse has already escaped. Moreover, in the case of airport security, the additional measures were both too late, and necessary.
That they were too late is obvious. Had there been reinforced cockpit doors in all aircraft pre-9/11, perhaps the hijackers could not have taken over the planes and crashed them. However, in the 1970s, hijackers were content to simply threaten passengers and pilots and kill off one or two while sitting on the tarmac in some developing nation until their demands were met. Without the free and easy access that had returned to aircraft after the heyday of 1970s hijackings had passed, perhaps the hijackers on 9/11 might have returned to the modus operandi of those earlier days."
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Chinese Fiscal Policy, 2002.
An examination of China's fiscal policy.
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 12 sources, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper examines Chinese fiscal policy. The most important situation facing Chinese fiscal policy is revenue changes from declining taxes and duties. It also discusses rationalizing the financial services sector and accounting for SOEs.
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