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Financial Analysis and Improvement Model, 2005.
Presents a model for measuring the financial health of companies using ratios, accounting analysis and industry benchmarking.
4,311 words (approx. 17.2 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 114.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a methodology for evaluating the financial health of a company and provides a model for determining and recommending corrective actions to management. Key profitability, asset management, liquidity and debt management ratios are analyzed. Financial performance is compared to industry and bench-marked to the industry leader. Free cash flow is calculated and analyzed. Improvement recommendations to management are made based on the analysis. Using the recommendations a pro forma income statement and balance sheet is prepared for the upcoming fiscal year.
From the Paper
"The inventory turnover ratio shows how many times that inventory are sold during the year (Downes & Goodman, 1998, p. 294). The turnover ratio is slightly below the industry and the Leader Corporation. The company is carrying excessive inventory, which costs money that could be used elsewhere (p. 294). Management should evaluate the inventory control process. Minimizing inventory can reduce storage costs (warehousing) and protect the firm from falling prices (p. 294). These cost reductions will further enhance profitability. The inventory turnover ratio is projected to climb to over 13 % in 2004. This is primarily due to the reduction in inventory (loss). Management should manage the reduction in inventory gradually starting in 2002, this will allow some of the inventory to be sold vs. discarded as planned."
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Modeling Strategies for Financial Hedging, 2008.
An examination of GARCH or generalized auto regressive conditional heteroskedasticity, which is a modeling technique that allows researchers to predict for financial variances.
962 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
The predominance of existing research related to hedging strategies relative to the futures markets is typically concerned with agricultural, foreign exchange (forex), and petroleum products. This paper attempts to offer some insight relative to the mathematical modeling techniques which financial hedging strategists employ in order to be successful at mitigating risk. The paper explains that modeling volatility within the financial markets has not received a great deal of academic attention. The paper then looks at how Siddique and Harvey, in "Auto regressive Conditional Skewness" undertook a study of auto regressive conditional skewness which utilized GARCH techniques wherein they concluded that auto regressive models might be successful at modeling time-series variations relative to asset pricing such as stock returns but not necessarily for futures and related hedging strategies. The paper shows that researchers successfully applied the GARCH model to daily returns volatility of two separate futures markets in commodities. The paper concludes that these researchers proved that every hedging entity can adapt these models to develop a functional model that can accurately incorporate intervention related to exchange rate fluctuations into a futures volatility model that works to effectively hedge each entity's particular needs and constraints.
Outline:
Abstract
Garch Modeling
Durban-Watson
Omega Function in Modelling
From the Paper
"Predicting, managing, and leveraging the uncertainty in futures market is however vital if a comprehensive market strategy is going to be developed that enables an entity to efficiently control, or at least manage, the cost-basis of its investments or operating expenses. GARCH techniques can be used to construct models that control, to some degree, conditional variances related to futures as well as spot market prices and allow better management of financial or commodities portfolios."
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Financial Management at Citibank, 2004.
A description of Citibank's financial practices.
3,130 words (approx. 12.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 91.95
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Abstract
This paper attempts to analyse the budgeting practices at Citibank with respect to activity based costing, performance measurement and key performance indicators. Recommendations are also provided.
Outline
Introduction to Financial Management
Introduction to Citigroup
How Citigroup handles Financial Management
Activity Based Costing and Activity Based Management
Stages of Activity Based Costing in Citibank
Identification of main cost
Activity Based Budget System
Introduction to Budgeting
How Citigroup handles Budgeting
Evaluation/ Critical Evaluation of the system
Financial Indicators & Non-Financial Indicators
What is Financial Indicator/Non-Financial Indicator
Usage of Financial Indicator/Non-Financial Indicator within Citigroup
Evaluation of Financial Indicator/Non-Financial Indicator
Suggestions of improvement
Sources of Finance and Working Capital
Main sources of Finance within Citigroup
Influences on working capital within Citigroup
Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper
"Budgeting is used to assist in strategic planning. Strategic or long-range planning requires the specification of objectives towards which future operations should be directed. The search for better methods of allocating and controlling the expenditure of funds has always been very important to managers. With corporations realizing decreasing revenues and governments confronted by huge deficits, budgeting is more difficult than ever. The old methods no longer are suitable for Citibank. The newest forms of budgeting are Zero-based Budgeting (ZBB) and Activity-Based Budgeting (ABB)."
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Latin America: A Financial Analysis, 2008.
This paper looks at the debts of Brazil, Argentina and Mexico and their potential financial recovery.
1,238 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the economic policies of Brazil, Argentina and Mexico that led to their high level of debt. The paper then looks at the improvements these countries have made to create a more stable financial environment. The paper discusses how these countries are rich in cost competitive fuel supplies and are involved in the production of bio-fuels. The paper reveals that if these countries could supply enough of these fuels at a cost-effective level, their indebtedness would be an issue of the past.
Outline:
Financial Issues
Improvements
Outlook
Conclusion
From the Paper
"When discussing the countries of Brazil, Argentina, and Mexico it is difficult to think of them in similar context. In fact, a very different picture appears in one's mind with the verbalization of each of the previously mentioned countries (i.e. culture, sun, beaches). However, what should come to mind when discussing these countries is what several individuals share with these countries and that is debt. Argentina as well as Brazil were both competing for the title of "the biggest debtor in South America" in recent years (Davies 35). This was not a proud position to be in but Mexico was a close runner up."
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The Financial Services Industry and Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), 2008.
A thesis analyzing the impact of voice over Internet (VoIP) protocol in the financial services industry.
19,660 words (approx. 78.6 pages), 21 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the adoption of voice over Internet (VoIP) protocol in each segment of the financial services industry, specifically focusing on the adoption practices in small, mid-size and large financial services firms. The author points out how companies at each strata of the financial services market change their processes to take advantage of the customer-centric, financial operations and services aspects of having VoIP-based systems in their organizations. The paper researches questions about the adoption of VoIP and its relationship to customer loyalty, the modification of quoting, ordering and payment systems using VoIP, the return on investment (ROI) and how well the customers of financial services firms are adopting VoIP-based applications. Includes several color graphs, figures and illustrations.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Executive Summary
Context of the Problem
Problem Statement
Specific Research Questions
Study Significance and Contribution to This Field
Research Design and Methodology
Phase I: Exploratory Research with Industry Experts using Experience Interviews Phase II: Early Adopter Research
Primary and Secondary Sources of Information
Organization of the Study
Literature Review
Summary
Factors Driving Financial Services' Technology Adoption
Financial Services Technology Needs Assessment
Defining the Financial Value Chain (FVC) and the role of VoIP
VoIP Market Dynamics in Financial Services
Applications Are the Agents of Change in VoIP Financial Services
Introducing the VoIP-Enabled Enterprise
Consensus of Industry Analysts on VoIP in Financial Services
VoIP within Financial Services: A Study of Transitions
Grant Thornton Case Study
Selection Criteria and Evaluation for VoIP System
Deployment at Grant Thornton
Results of the VoIP Implementation
Defining Voice over Internet Protocol
How does VoIP Work?
Step 1: Voice to Digital Data Transformation
Setp 2: Digital Data to IP Transformation
Step 3: Transmission
Step 4: IP Packet to Digital Data Transformation
Step 4: IP packet to Digital Data Transformation
Step 5: Digital Voice to Analog Voice Transformation
The Critical Role of VoIP Standards
A Critical Success Factor in Financial Services in Security over VoIP
Threats to VoIP
Confidentiality
ARP floods
VoIP Influence on Customer Loyalty
Executive Summary
Touch-Tone Interactive Voice Recognition
Automated Speech Recognition
Web Self-Service Sites
Analysts'\ Recommendations for Creating Value-Added Services Based on VoIP
Analysts' Recommendations for Launching Self-Service Channels Based on VoIP
Summary
From the Paper
"Applications are the integration point between technology and business processes, and the growth of VoIP-based applications specifically in the areas of financial services and the growth of online banking, online investing and the many services financial institutions are working to deliver over the Internet.
"In a world of circuit switched networks (the foundation of PSTN Service), telephony has always been about access and security. The role of security in circuit switched networks is one that is highly matured, trusted, and relied on by even the most resistant-to-change financial institutions."
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Financial System of Hong Kong, 2002.
Examines the history of Hong Kong as a financial center and its financial system.
3,900 words (approx. 15.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 142.95
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Abstract
This paper traces the development of Hong Kong as a financial center and examines the Hong Kong financial sector after the handover to China.
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Financial Statements for Insurance Companies, 2006.
A look at Financial Accounting Standard 115, adopted by the Financial Accounting Standards Board, and the problems it will create.
2,248 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the increased difficulties in understanding the financial statements of insurance companies that will occur as a result of Financial Accounting Standard 115 (FAS 115) adopted by the Financial Accounting Standards Board. The paper explains that FAS 115 will create wide variations between companies in the carrying values used for debt securities which will necessitate even more analysis to determine a company's financial condition as well as make it impossible to compare companies' financial positions without restating each company's debt-security portfolio values to a common basis.
From the Paper
"Higher equity levels created by having debt securities carried at market will be misleading to financial statement users. Hardly anyone believes that a company can fully retain the security gains that currently exist in their portfolios. To do so would require curtailing crediting rates to those available based on current rates on new money. Competitive pressures won't allow companies to do this and retain their policyholder funds. To reflect such gains as equity of the company in the financials is just plain misleading."
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Financial Ratio Analysis of Lowes and Home Depot, 2004.
An exploration of the different financial ratios used to determine profitability and financial stability of a company.
2,644 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
This paper focuses on two large retailers in the area of retail home improvements, Lowes and Home Depot, and compares and contrasts their financial ratios in a five-year trend table along with the most recent industry averages. The information presented in this report can be used to help determine the over-all financial status of these two companies.
Financial Ratios Used
Home Depot
Lowes
Efficiency Ratio Analysis
Liquidity Ratio Analysis
Leverage Analysis
Profitability Analysis
From the Paper
"The inventory turnover ratio shows how many times per year a business can turn-over its inventory. In other words, this number represents how many times the business sells out of its inventory in a given year. This ratio is calculated by taking the cost of goods sold and dividing it by the average amount of inventory the business carries. Notice that these ratios are determined by the cost of goods sold because the inventory figures are carried on the boots at cost, not the price the merchandise will eventually sell for (Brealey, pg. 142). When comparing Lowe's and Home Depot to the industry average, we see that both companies' ratios were 5.0 for the year 2003 and the industry average was 4.8. This means that for the year 2003, both Lowe's and Home Depot were able to turn over their inventory a bit faster than the industry as a whole. "
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Currency and Financial Crisis in Southeast Asia, 2004.
This paper analyzes the Asian financial crisis of 1997-1998 in Korea, Thailand, Malaysia, and the Philippines.
6,090 words (approx. 24.4 pages), 28 sources, MLA, $ 143.95
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Abstract
This study applies ordinary least squares (OLS) estimation procedures, with and without lags, to identify the causes of currency crises in selected economies during the 1997-98 East Asian currency and financial crisis. The author states that the cause of the crisis was attributed to initial macroeconomic conditions, weak macroeconomic fundamentals, financial sector regulation, and policy reaction. The paper relates that the empirical results were consistent with previous literature on currency crises; episodes of depreciation appear to be associated with the depletion of foreign exchange reserves and the increase in foreign liabilities. Equations. Tables.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Classical Theory
Empirical Research Explaining Currency Crisis
First Generation Models
Second Generation Models
Third Generation Models
Policy Reactions and the Role of the IMF
Conceptual Model
Initial Conditions
Deterioration of Macroeconomic Fundamentals
International Sector and Financial Regulation
Macroeconomic Policy
Ideal and Actual Data
Measuring the Symptoms
Measuring Currency Crisis
Actual Data
Results and Analysis
Conclusion
Appendix I: Summary of Data and Indicators Used in Previous Studies
Appendix II: General F-Tests
Appendix III: Statistical Analysis for Multicollinearity and Heteroskedasticity
Appendix IV: E-views Output of Granger Causality Tests
From the Paper
"Although Korea, the Philippines and Thailand followed the classic prescription of raising their interest rate to defend their currencies, all three saw continued depreciations, well in excess of what would be predicted by the currency crisis models Furman and Stiglitz (1997). From a policy perspective, Goldfajn and Gupta (1998) look the real exchange rate ?undervaluation? episodes in 80 countries following the crises to assess whether tight monetary policy brings about a recovery in the real exchange rate through a nominal appreciation of the exchange rate. They find that in their total sample, tight monetary policy increases the probability of recovery by about 10 percentage points. But among countries undergoing simultaneous banking and currency crisis, as in East Asia, tight monetary policy is associated with roughly 10 percentage points lower probability of success. Both of these differences are statistically significant."
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Ethics in Financial Management, 2007.
This paper discusses morality in the financial management industry and the fall of global business giant, Enron.
3,007 words (approx. 12.0 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 88.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how the Enron scandal encompassed a myriad of complex transactions involving mysterious partnerships that allowed Enron to book huge corporate profits and payments to insiders, while simultaneously ignoring any associated financial liabilities. The paper explores the topics of ethics and morality in the financial management industry, using the accounting scandal of the Enron case as a model of what financial institutions of today should not do. The paper also discusses briefly what actions the management at Enron could have taken to avoid the financial disaster that occurred.
Outline:
Executive Summary
Introduction
Enron's Fraudulent Financials
Ethics and Morality at Financial Institutions
Preventive Actions for Financial Institutions to Take
How the Enron Fraud Could Have Been Avoided
From the Paper
"In the past few years, several scandals involving the improper management of financial data have emerged; however, the fall of global business giant Enron in 2001 is the most notable. That same year, Fortune Magazine had selected Enron as the most innovative company in America, six times in a row (Canto, 2002). In just 15 years, Enron grew from nowhere to be America's seventh largest company, employing 21,000 staff in more than 40 countries. As a result of this widespread success, Enron was hailed as a new-economy company that would act as a business model for others to follow. However, also in 2001, Enron filed for bankruptcy, and it was revealed that the firms' success was really attributed to the fraudulent manipulation and unethical management of financial data."
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Financial Planning: An Intricate Profession, 2002.
A look at the challenges facing those in the financial planning profession due to recent changes in the financial markets.
1,925 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
An examination of the changes facing the financial planner and advisor in his/her profession. The paper looks at changes in the financial markets and trends of investments to show how the relatively simple job of previous decades has transformed into a very challenging one. The writer presents four suggested steps that the financial planner should follow for forecasting solid investments.
From the Paper
"Financial planning was an easy route to wealth and success during the 1980s and the latter part of the 1990s. The stock market was riding high, the new wave of high tech stocks posted significant and uncharted gains and investment capital flowed through the American economy freely. In today?s economy, however, the financial planning profession is much more of a challenge and a grind. It can be equally rewarding and fulfilling, but it requires more preparation and understanding of the complex markets and of planners? ethical and professional responsibilities to their clients."
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The Financial Manager, 2004.
A review of the role of the financial manager in the modern financial market.
1,356 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper contends that the primary goal of every corporation is to maximize shareholder wealth, primarily through cash dividends and share value appreciation. It explains that the role of the financial manager is to act in accord with this premise. It expands that this tenet is not without obstacles, corporations must battle with issues such as the agency problem and the backlash of unpopular decisions. The paper reviews the roles of the financial manager in today's financial markets.
From the Paper
"The primary goal of every corporation is to maximize shareholder wealth primarily through cash dividends and share value appreciation. To this end the role of the financial manager is to act in accord with this premise. Under his/her auspices the financial manager must determine which factors affect the company's stock price and which choices will add value to the company all the while ensuring that the company doesn't run out of the cash necessary for continued day-to-day operations and planned growth strategies ..."
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The Financial Planner, 2006.
This paper examines the role of a financial planner and discusses why it was voted the number three job in America.
978 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
The writer of this paper contends that the career of a financial planner, while very rewarding, is not without its challenges. This paper details the responsibilities and requirements needed to become a financial planner. This paper distinguishes between the position of financial planner and that of the certified financial planner, which is actually a designation obtained by a financial planner. There are currently no educational or experience prerequisites to become a financial planner, other than the requirement in most firms that the applicant pass several licensing examinations, which are detailed in this paper. This paper discusses the areas in which a financial planner typically operates in, including: Investment planning, estate planning, retirement planning and business succession planning. While describing the ins and outs in the financial planning field, the writer contends that this career is primarily a sales position. The writer also delves into the pay-scale of this particular profession, which varies by firm and level of experience. Those with more experience and with an inventory of clients can demand up to six-figure salaries.
From the Paper
"Another group of firms includes brokerage firms, also called wire houses, that may offer some or all of these services, but their primary aim is investment management. These companies include Merrill Lynch, Saloman Smith Barney, Goldman Sachs. They may call their personnel Financial Planners, but they tend to be focused on gathering money from clients to invest through the firm. Some of these firms may offer some of the specialized planning services for their high-dollar clients. The most important thing for someone who is considering this profession is that it is primarily a sales position, particularly in the beginning of the planner's career."
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The Future of Financial Reporting, 2008.
This paper explores the development of a conceptual framework for financial reporting and accounting by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and International Accounting Standards Board (IASB).
1,734 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 19 sources, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
The paper explores if the proposed conceptual framework for financial reporting and accounting covers the main facets of the original framework of both the FASB and the IASB and whether the purpose of financial reporting is omitting a vital element. The paper further examines whether the decision-useful objective necessarily encompasses the stewardship objective. The paper concludes that it is necessary to have separate objectives related to stewardship and decision-usefulness.
Outline:
Introduction
Financial Reporting that is 'Decision-Usefulness'
Stewardship Objective
Should the Stewardship Objective be Included Separately?
From the Paper
"The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) have decided to revise their conceptual frameworks for financial reporting and accounting. Ideally, the present framework of both boards will be broader and expansive so as to develop a conceptual framework, which both Boards can use as an outline for new and revised accounting standards. This amalgamation is very important since markets become more international in scope, there is a need for global accounting standards that are consistent irrespective of the geographical boundaries. Also, 'there was a need to provide direction and structure to financial accounting and reporting' (Penman 2006)."
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Financial Development and Economic Growth, 2002.
This paper examines the financial development of the Italian economy and measures its effects on its economic growth and compares it to the U.S. financial market.
2,510 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
The following paper compares the GDP growth rates of Italy and the U.S. measures the level of financial development made by both the markets. Finally it examines whether the economy making higher growth with respect to financial development has made higher economic growth. The reason for choosing the Italian economy for comparison is that it is a lesser developed financial market as compared to the United States.
From the Paper
?There has been a lot of research already done on the issue of identifying a relationship between financial development and economic growth. The questions like does financial development spurs economic growth? To what extent does higher growth induce a reduction in the incidence of poverty? What can financial development contribute in reducing poverty? are continuously part of the economists debate. Generally it is believed that Economic growth is simply the result of refraining from current consumption. Within an economy, there are two general types of commodities. One are the consumption goods and the others are the capital goods. The consumption goods are for the purpose of general consumers use while capital goods are used for production of other commodities. When in an economy there is a lesser consumption of consumption goods by the households, a considerable part of the income is not spent and the result is in the form of positive net savings.?
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