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The Financial Accountant and Bankruptcy, 2002.
A look at the accountability of the financial accountant in terms of bankruptcy using Enron and Kmart as examples.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 6 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper investigates how the financial accountant can affect the outcome of the company, especially in respect to promoting bankruptcy. This paper also notes that those companies that are in the process of re- organizing - such as Enron and Kmart - report to their investors to make them aware of the changes in their accounting and their management practices.
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U.S. Carrier Operating in Chapter 11 Bankruptcy, 2006.
This paper discusses whether the protection afforded to a U.S. carrier operating in Chapter 11 bankruptcy has a negative impact on the overall air transport industry.
4,775 words (approx. 19.1 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 122.95
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Abstract
This case study looks at the impact of Chapter 11 protections on the airlines requesting the protection and also at the financial impact on the overall airline industry. The writer discusses Chapter 11-bankruptcy protection that has been seen as a lifeline for companies on the verge of total financial collapse. The writer explains that the protection given by U.S. Constitution allows companies another chance to reorganize while being protected from meeting normal financial and operating obligations.
Outline:
Statement of Problem: Issues to be studied
Background
Bankruptcy
Types of Bankruptcy
Chapter 7 Bankruptcy
Chapter 11 Bankruptcy
Other Types of Bankruptcy
Pre Deregulation Days Practices
Deregulation of Airline Industry in USA
Impact of Deregulation
Analysis
Post 9/11 Crises and their Impact on Air Travel Industry
Chapter 11 Protection Role in Supporting Sick Airlines
Assessment of Chapter 11 Protection on Airlines Industry
Related Issues
Discussions & Conclusions
Bibliography
From the Paper
"The word bankruptcy comes from Latin 'bancus ruptus' which means broken bench. The roman custom allowed the creditors to smash the trading counter of the debtors to vent their anger. In 17th century England the debt defaulters were treated as criminals and thrown in the dungeons or given a death sentence. The punishment under the modern laws is not so hard and both debtors and creditors have rights under the bankruptcy proceedings.
In United States bankruptcy is a federal subject. States are not allowed to regulate the bankruptcy although they can make rules for debtor-creditor relationship. Bankruptcy law is contained in 'Title 11 of the United States Code'. It allows a debtor in financial problems to equitably divide his assets among the creditors. The 'straight bankruptcies' or liquidations distribute available assets among the creditors and release the debtors of any further obligations, even if the debts are not paid in full."
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Financial Management at Citibank, 2004.
A description of Citibank's financial practices.
3,130 words (approx. 12.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 91.95
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Abstract
This paper attempts to analyse the budgeting practices at Citibank with respect to activity based costing, performance measurement and key performance indicators. Recommendations are also provided.
Outline
Introduction to Financial Management
Introduction to Citigroup
How Citigroup handles Financial Management
Activity Based Costing and Activity Based Management
Stages of Activity Based Costing in Citibank
Identification of main cost
Activity Based Budget System
Introduction to Budgeting
How Citigroup handles Budgeting
Evaluation/ Critical Evaluation of the system
Financial Indicators & Non-Financial Indicators
What is Financial Indicator/Non-Financial Indicator
Usage of Financial Indicator/Non-Financial Indicator within Citigroup
Evaluation of Financial Indicator/Non-Financial Indicator
Suggestions of improvement
Sources of Finance and Working Capital
Main sources of Finance within Citigroup
Influences on working capital within Citigroup
Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper
"Budgeting is used to assist in strategic planning. Strategic or long-range planning requires the specification of objectives towards which future operations should be directed. The search for better methods of allocating and controlling the expenditure of funds has always been very important to managers. With corporations realizing decreasing revenues and governments confronted by huge deficits, budgeting is more difficult than ever. The old methods no longer are suitable for Citibank. The newest forms of budgeting are Zero-based Budgeting (ZBB) and Activity-Based Budgeting (ABB)."
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The Financial Services Industry and Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), 2008.
A thesis analyzing the impact of voice over Internet (VoIP) protocol in the financial services industry.
19,660 words (approx. 78.6 pages), 21 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the adoption of voice over Internet (VoIP) protocol in each segment of the financial services industry, specifically focusing on the adoption practices in small, mid-size and large financial services firms. The author points out how companies at each strata of the financial services market change their processes to take advantage of the customer-centric, financial operations and services aspects of having VoIP-based systems in their organizations. The paper researches questions about the adoption of VoIP and its relationship to customer loyalty, the modification of quoting, ordering and payment systems using VoIP, the return on investment (ROI) and how well the customers of financial services firms are adopting VoIP-based applications. Includes several color graphs, figures and illustrations.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Executive Summary
Context of the Problem
Problem Statement
Specific Research Questions
Study Significance and Contribution to This Field
Research Design and Methodology
Phase I: Exploratory Research with Industry Experts using Experience Interviews Phase II: Early Adopter Research
Primary and Secondary Sources of Information
Organization of the Study
Literature Review
Summary
Factors Driving Financial Services' Technology Adoption
Financial Services Technology Needs Assessment
Defining the Financial Value Chain (FVC) and the role of VoIP
VoIP Market Dynamics in Financial Services
Applications Are the Agents of Change in VoIP Financial Services
Introducing the VoIP-Enabled Enterprise
Consensus of Industry Analysts on VoIP in Financial Services
VoIP within Financial Services: A Study of Transitions
Grant Thornton Case Study
Selection Criteria and Evaluation for VoIP System
Deployment at Grant Thornton
Results of the VoIP Implementation
Defining Voice over Internet Protocol
How does VoIP Work?
Step 1: Voice to Digital Data Transformation
Setp 2: Digital Data to IP Transformation
Step 3: Transmission
Step 4: IP Packet to Digital Data Transformation
Step 4: IP packet to Digital Data Transformation
Step 5: Digital Voice to Analog Voice Transformation
The Critical Role of VoIP Standards
A Critical Success Factor in Financial Services in Security over VoIP
Threats to VoIP
Confidentiality
ARP floods
VoIP Influence on Customer Loyalty
Executive Summary
Touch-Tone Interactive Voice Recognition
Automated Speech Recognition
Web Self-Service Sites
Analysts'\ Recommendations for Creating Value-Added Services Based on VoIP
Analysts' Recommendations for Launching Self-Service Channels Based on VoIP
Summary
From the Paper
"Applications are the integration point between technology and business processes, and the growth of VoIP-based applications specifically in the areas of financial services and the growth of online banking, online investing and the many services financial institutions are working to deliver over the Internet.
"In a world of circuit switched networks (the foundation of PSTN Service), telephony has always been about access and security. The role of security in circuit switched networks is one that is highly matured, trusted, and relied on by even the most resistant-to-change financial institutions."
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Financial System of Hong Kong, 2002.
Examines the history of Hong Kong as a financial center and its financial system.
3,900 words (approx. 15.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 142.95
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Abstract
This paper traces the development of Hong Kong as a financial center and examines the Hong Kong financial sector after the handover to China.
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Federal Bankruptcy Law, 2004.
An overview of the procedure used to file for bankruptcy and the importance of professionals in the process.
2,270 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
Bankruptcy is not an easy process, and the average individual does not possess the knowledge to enter into proceedings on his or her own. The paper argues that professionals should always be consulted as they can determine which bankruptcy is appropriate or whether bankruptcy is necessary at all. The paper also looks at the bankruptcy court, which has been established to protect and assist individuals, companies, and corporations in their proceedings.
Paper Outline
A. Federal Bankruptcy Code
a. Explanation of the Origin
b. Federal Bankruptcy Law
c. Jurisdiction of Courts
B. Chapter 7 Liquidation Bankruptcy
a. Procedure
i. Filing a Petition
ii. Meeting of Creditors
iii. Appointment of Trustee
iv. Proof of Claims
b. Automatic Stay
c. Case Dismissal
d. Alternatives to Chapter 7 Bankruptcy
e. Discharge
C. Chapter 11 Reorganization Bankruptcy
a. Why choose Chapter 11
b. Plan of Reorganization
i. Who develops the Plan
ii. Steps in the Plan
c. Discharge
D. Chapter 13 Consumer Debt Adjustment
a. Chapter 13 Eligibility
b. Important Features
c. Filing
d. Automatic Stay
e. Plan of Payment
f. Confirmation of the Plan
g. Discharge
E. Chapter 13 or Chapter 7
F. Rights of Creditors
G. Conclusion
From the Paper
"If you are living with little income and property you may be ?judgment proof?. Basically creditors cannot collect because you have nothing for them to legally take. Taking advantage of federal and state debt collection laws that protect a debtor from abusive conduct may stop harassment from creditors. Possibly, a debtor may negotiate with creditors and buy enough time to get back on his or her feet. Creditors may also agree to settle debts for less than is owed. Debtors may seek help from outside sources such as Consumer Credit Counseling Service. Finally, a debtor may pay over time with a Chapter 13 proceeding, which will be discussed in a later section."
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Bankruptcy, 2007.
This paper looks at the Interstate Bakeries' choice of bankruptcy and analyzes different types of bankruptcy.
1,023 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
In this essay, the writer discusses the filing for Chapter 11 bankruptcy reorganization by Interstate Bakeries, the maker of well-known food products such as Twinkies and Wonder Bread. The writer explains that although Interstate had several options at its disposal to reduce debt and generate cash, ultimately Chapter 11 bankruptcy allowed Interstate to address its debt and cost problems without having to mortgage the company's future through overly deep cuts or sell-offs. The writer then looks at different types of bankruptcy and discusses the alternatives that were available to Interstate. The writer concludes that by filing Chapter 11 bankruptcy, Interstate was able to get a handle on its costs, alleviate its debt, and emerge as a stronger and more stable operation.
Outline:
Types of Bankruptcy
Alternatives to Chapter 11: Pros and Cons
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In a Chapter 11 bankruptcy process, the court and a company's debtors will approve a reorganization plan that, among other things, determines how much various creditors get paid. There are two classes of competitors: secured and unsecured. The secured creditors, such as banks, get paid first; the unsecured creditors, such as vendors, may get only pennies on the dollar. Chapter 11 sometimes allows companies to restructure contracts, such as union deals, which was a big problem for Interstate. At any rate, companies emerge from Chapter 11 with a much better debt and cash-flow picture."
"Municipal organizations, such as cities or school districts, have a form of bankruptcy similar to Chapter 11, which is called Chapter 9 bankruptcy. Chapter 9 bankruptcy allows a municipal entity to restructure its debt and reorganize its operations, similar to Chapter 11."
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Financial Statements for Insurance Companies, 2006.
A look at Financial Accounting Standard 115, adopted by the Financial Accounting Standards Board, and the problems it will create.
2,248 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the increased difficulties in understanding the financial statements of insurance companies that will occur as a result of Financial Accounting Standard 115 (FAS 115) adopted by the Financial Accounting Standards Board. The paper explains that FAS 115 will create wide variations between companies in the carrying values used for debt securities which will necessitate even more analysis to determine a company's financial condition as well as make it impossible to compare companies' financial positions without restating each company's debt-security portfolio values to a common basis.
From the Paper
"Higher equity levels created by having debt securities carried at market will be misleading to financial statement users. Hardly anyone believes that a company can fully retain the security gains that currently exist in their portfolios. To do so would require curtailing crediting rates to those available based on current rates on new money. Competitive pressures won't allow companies to do this and retain their policyholder funds. To reflect such gains as equity of the company in the financials is just plain misleading."
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Bankruptcy Fraud, 2002.
An analysis of the multitude of issues related to bankruptcy fraud.
1,167 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses bankruptcy fraud and how the bankruptcy system, an arm of the United States District Court, is a critical component of the United States government because of the impact bankruptcy filings have on national and local economies. The first part highlights five of the main issues concerning bankruptcy fraud such as the conflict between the purposes of the bankruptcy system and the reality of the bankruptcy process and the issue of corporate responsibility and bankruptcy fraud. The second part of the paper reviews two cases involving bankruptcy fraud and it concludes with solutions for eliminating and/or reducing it.
From the Paper
"Fourth, there is the issue of corporations and individuals who prey on debtors who are contemplating filing bankruptcy. Bankruptcy foreclosure scams target individuals whose home mortgages are in trouble. Scam operators operate over the Internet and in local publications, distribute flyers, target specific ethnic or religious groups, or contact individuals whose homes are listed in the foreclosure notices. These scam operators may promise to take care of an individual?s problems with their mortgage lender or to obtain re-financing for the individual. Particularly bold scam operators ask individuals to hand over their property deed to the operator, and then make payments to the operator in order to stay in the home."
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Financial Ratio Analysis of Lowes and Home Depot, 2004.
An exploration of the different financial ratios used to determine profitability and financial stability of a company.
2,644 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
This paper focuses on two large retailers in the area of retail home improvements, Lowes and Home Depot, and compares and contrasts their financial ratios in a five-year trend table along with the most recent industry averages. The information presented in this report can be used to help determine the over-all financial status of these two companies.
Financial Ratios Used
Home Depot
Lowes
Efficiency Ratio Analysis
Liquidity Ratio Analysis
Leverage Analysis
Profitability Analysis
From the Paper
"The inventory turnover ratio shows how many times per year a business can turn-over its inventory. In other words, this number represents how many times the business sells out of its inventory in a given year. This ratio is calculated by taking the cost of goods sold and dividing it by the average amount of inventory the business carries. Notice that these ratios are determined by the cost of goods sold because the inventory figures are carried on the boots at cost, not the price the merchandise will eventually sell for (Brealey, pg. 142). When comparing Lowe's and Home Depot to the industry average, we see that both companies' ratios were 5.0 for the year 2003 and the industry average was 4.8. This means that for the year 2003, both Lowe's and Home Depot were able to turn over their inventory a bit faster than the industry as a whole. "
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Financial Development and Economic Growth, 2002.
This paper examines the financial development of the Italian economy and measures its effects on its economic growth and compares it to the U.S. financial market.
2,510 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
The following paper compares the GDP growth rates of Italy and the U.S. measures the level of financial development made by both the markets. Finally it examines whether the economy making higher growth with respect to financial development has made higher economic growth. The reason for choosing the Italian economy for comparison is that it is a lesser developed financial market as compared to the United States.
From the Paper
?There has been a lot of research already done on the issue of identifying a relationship between financial development and economic growth. The questions like does financial development spurs economic growth? To what extent does higher growth induce a reduction in the incidence of poverty? What can financial development contribute in reducing poverty? are continuously part of the economists debate. Generally it is believed that Economic growth is simply the result of refraining from current consumption. Within an economy, there are two general types of commodities. One are the consumption goods and the others are the capital goods. The consumption goods are for the purpose of general consumers use while capital goods are used for production of other commodities. When in an economy there is a lesser consumption of consumption goods by the households, a considerable part of the income is not spent and the result is in the form of positive net savings.?
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The Future of Financial Reporting, 2008.
This paper explores the development of a conceptual framework for financial reporting and accounting by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and International Accounting Standards Board (IASB).
1,734 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 19 sources, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
The paper explores if the proposed conceptual framework for financial reporting and accounting covers the main facets of the original framework of both the FASB and the IASB and whether the purpose of financial reporting is omitting a vital element. The paper further examines whether the decision-useful objective necessarily encompasses the stewardship objective. The paper concludes that it is necessary to have separate objectives related to stewardship and decision-usefulness.
Outline:
Introduction
Financial Reporting that is 'Decision-Usefulness'
Stewardship Objective
Should the Stewardship Objective be Included Separately?
From the Paper
"The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) have decided to revise their conceptual frameworks for financial reporting and accounting. Ideally, the present framework of both boards will be broader and expansive so as to develop a conceptual framework, which both Boards can use as an outline for new and revised accounting standards. This amalgamation is very important since markets become more international in scope, there is a need for global accounting standards that are consistent irrespective of the geographical boundaries. Also, 'there was a need to provide direction and structure to financial accounting and reporting' (Penman 2006)."
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Bankruptcy Concept, 2008.
A description of bankruptcy laws and various issues surrounding the subject.
5,318 words (approx. 21.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 131.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the issue of bankruptcy and describes the court process aimed at helping individual consumers and businesses get rid of their debts or to set up a plan to repay them. The paper also provides a history of bankruptcy law and discusses some of the advantages and disadvantages of the law. The paper concludes with 12 myths about filing for bankruptcy.
Outline:
History and Evolution of the Bankruptcy Law
General Concept
The Bankruptcy Code
The Bankruptcy Process
Advantages and Disadvantages, Alternatives
Myths about the Bankruptcy Law
From the Paper
"The concept of debtor default dates back to the time of the Code of Babylon's King Hammurabi in 1795 BC (ABC Amega 2006). The Code included early laws and rules for settling debts. In cases when the debtor could not repay, the creditor could confiscate his child, wife, slave or the debtor himself into bondage until the obligation was met. In ancient Greece and Rome around 31 BC, indebtedness remained a crime. It was only during the reign of Augustus that a distinction was made between the debtor as a person and his debts. The laws of the time allowed the debtor to choose between giving his property up or himself as repayment (Amega). The history of bankruptcy law consists of three phases (Duhaime 2007). The first phase involved basic debt collection. The Roman Law of the Twelve Tables in 450 BC provided for a method of dealing with debtors who could not repay their debts. Table III provided for a process, which first allowed the debtor to settle his obligation in 30 days or have someone pay for it for him. If the debtor failed, the creditor could bind the debtor with a weight of 15 or more pounds. The creditor could choose to feed him or not with a pound of meal each day. On the third "market" day, the creditor could divide the body of the debtor with other creditors among themselves. Under Roman law, the debtor who could not meet his obligation did not have to be cut into pieces but his creditor could have him imprisoned for life. The creditor also had the option to sell the insolvent debtor, along with his family, to permanent foreign slavery. The concept of imprisonment was adopted by some parts of India and with an added feature. The creditor could take the debtor's wife and, if he did, the act would cancel the debt. Under Charlemagne, the debtor had to surrender his possessions in order to escape or prevent imprisonment. Imprisonment remained an option for the creditor but torture was outlawed (Duhaime)."
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Financial Planning: An Intricate Profession, 2002.
A look at the challenges facing those in the financial planning profession due to recent changes in the financial markets.
1,925 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
An examination of the changes facing the financial planner and advisor in his/her profession. The paper looks at changes in the financial markets and trends of investments to show how the relatively simple job of previous decades has transformed into a very challenging one. The writer presents four suggested steps that the financial planner should follow for forecasting solid investments.
From the Paper
"Financial planning was an easy route to wealth and success during the 1980s and the latter part of the 1990s. The stock market was riding high, the new wave of high tech stocks posted significant and uncharted gains and investment capital flowed through the American economy freely. In today?s economy, however, the financial planning profession is much more of a challenge and a grind. It can be equally rewarding and fulfilling, but it requires more preparation and understanding of the complex markets and of planners? ethical and professional responsibilities to their clients."
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The Financial Planner, 2006.
This paper examines the role of a financial planner and discusses why it was voted the number three job in America.
978 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
The writer of this paper contends that the career of a financial planner, while very rewarding, is not without its challenges. This paper details the responsibilities and requirements needed to become a financial planner. This paper distinguishes between the position of financial planner and that of the certified financial planner, which is actually a designation obtained by a financial planner. There are currently no educational or experience prerequisites to become a financial planner, other than the requirement in most firms that the applicant pass several licensing examinations, which are detailed in this paper. This paper discusses the areas in which a financial planner typically operates in, including: Investment planning, estate planning, retirement planning and business succession planning. While describing the ins and outs in the financial planning field, the writer contends that this career is primarily a sales position. The writer also delves into the pay-scale of this particular profession, which varies by firm and level of experience. Those with more experience and with an inventory of clients can demand up to six-figure salaries.
From the Paper
"Another group of firms includes brokerage firms, also called wire houses, that may offer some or all of these services, but their primary aim is investment management. These companies include Merrill Lynch, Saloman Smith Barney, Goldman Sachs. They may call their personnel Financial Planners, but they tend to be focused on gathering money from clients to invest through the firm. Some of these firms may offer some of the specialized planning services for their high-dollar clients. The most important thing for someone who is considering this profession is that it is primarily a sales position, particularly in the beginning of the planner's career."
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