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Feminist Theory and Abortion, 2008.
A discussion on abortion in light of feminist theory.
3,002 words (approx. 12.0 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 88.95
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Abstract
This paper seeks to take a critical look at feminist theory in light of the second wave of feminism by breaking down feminism into its various belief systems and foundations. A short section on feminist bioethics is also presented including its history and foundation. The next section of the paper focuses on abortion in light of feminist theory. The paper then concludes with a personal discussion on the author's agreement with the pro-choice feminist theory on abortion. While theory and foundations on feminism are presented for both pro-choice and pro-life feminist theory, this writer believes that the maintenance of a pro-choice feminist ideology is critical.
Outline:
Abstract
Feminist Theory and Feminism
Feminist Bioethics
Abortion in Light of Feminist Theory - US
Abortion in Light of Feminist Theory - International
This Writer as 'Pro-Choice' - Statement
This Writer as 'Pro-Choice' - Personal Ideology
From the Paper
"Stewart (2003) tells us that from the late 1960s into the 1970s, feminists started developing their own theory as to what feminism was, but by the 190s, there were conflicting opinions and viewpoints on the best way to challenge the patriarchy. Ermarth (2000) comments on the differing viewpoints of feminism that are all individual components of the "feminist umbrella" she refers to as 'identity politics.' To Ermarth (2000), how one identifies themselves determines their concept of feminism. Ermarth (2000) tells us that feminism can take on any meaning, although the most common refers to the social factors related to male supremacy and an opposition to any kind of domination. "
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"Abortion through a Feminist Ethics Lens", 2007.
An overview of abortion from a feminist ethics stance through a review of "Abortion through a Feminist Ethics Lens" by Susan Sherwin.
1,896 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper offers a critique of a work by Susan Sherwin, "Abortion through a Feminist Ethics Lens," which takes the stance that abortion is appropriate within the individual contexts of many women's lives and should be determined by the needs and concerns of women - and not by the needs and concerns of the fetus. The paper outlines Sherwin's major conclusions on this important topic and the premises which underlie her position. The paper also notes several counter-arguments which can be raised in objection to her views. It concludes that while her article certainly has merit, she fails to satisfactorily consider the implications of her thought on some matters.
From the Paper
"Most non-feminist perspectives on abortion consider the moral or the legal permissibility of the act in isolation whereas feminist perspectives look at abortion within the context of institutions that (allegedly) seek to subordinate women. Also, whereas other perspectives look at abortion within the context of abstract constructions such as property rights, feminist perspectives seek to look at abortion within the context of a woman's particular needs when she chooses this course of action. Going further, feminists argue that the moral dimensions of the discussion extend beyond simply whether or not abortion is right or wrong; they must also include a discussion about whether or not abortion clinics and services are accessible to women contemplating an abortion."
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The Issue of Abortion and Abortion Law, 2001.
This paper examines the issues of abortion and abortion law
6,015 words (approx. 24.1 pages), 20 sources, $ 142.95
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Abstract
This paper examines various aspects of abortion and abortion law such as social and ethical concerns as well as the law, and more specifically concerned to that of women's rights.
From the paper:
"While medical science is making abortion much safer for the woman, the debates and the legal battles continue unabated. In the United States, the battles rage in the courts, the Congress and state legislatures. There have even been violent confrontations in the clinics where abortions are performed. There are people in favor of giving the woman the right to abort, and people who are not prepared to allow abortion except when it puts the life of the mother in danger. In between these two extreme positions, we have people taking intermediate positions."
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Feminist and Anti-Feminist Films, 2005.
An analysis of the themes of male protection against male violence in the films, "Something Wild" and "Thelma and Louise".
742 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how good outlaws who are on the run from the law are a typical theme of American cinema and how both "Something Wild," directed by Jonathan Demme, and "Thelma and Louise," directed by Ridley Scott, are of the 'road movie' genre, which features the American myth of the open road and free and easy access to changing one's life through motion.
From the Paper
"Thus, both films deal with a problem-if feminism is about women's rights, what of women's rights if the law, for both men and women, is so often wrong. One reason both films provide different answers is that Something Wild involves a male and a female, while Thelma and Louise involves two females. Something Wild suggests that the female is only capable of full motion and movement on the open road in the presence of a male, while the plot of Thelma and Louise suggests that the road provides a potential means of escape for both men and women, and that the presence of men such as the cowboy/drifter of Brad Pitt can sunder female closeness."
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The Abortion Debate, 2006.
This well-researched paper examines both sides of the much-debated and controversial issue of abortion.
4,307 words (approx. 17.2 pages), 18 sources, MLA, $ 114.95
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Abstract
This paper delves into the legal, ethical and religious aspects surrounding abortion, while also focusing on the feminist view of this hotly-debate topic. The writer of this paper traces the roots of the abortion debate back to Susan B. Anthony. Anthony opposed abortion because the medical procedure, in her time, was unsafe and endangered a woman's health and life. This paper examines how feminists today defend the development of safe and effective birth control as a means to prevent abortion. This paper also looks at the views of various feminist organizations such as Feminists for Life and Feminists Against Abortion. This paper discusses the media's impact in the evolution of the "Pro-Choice" and "Pro-Life" movements. This paper also discusses how the laws regarding legal abortions have changed over the past 40 years. In 1965, all 50 states banned the procedure, with some exceptions. In 1973, The Supreme Court reversed the situation in the case of Roe vs. Wade, declaring most existing state abortion laws unconstitutional. The writer of this paper explores the issue of abortion in various religions, including Judaism and the different Christian sects. While those of the Catholic faith do not believe that abortion is an acceptable solution to undesired pregnancies, they do accept that there may be situations when an abortion must be considered. This paper also touches on the ethical side, where many believe that abortions should only be considered when the life of the mother is at stake. However, shades of grey enter into the picture when other reasons are offered as well, as detailed in this paper.
From the Paper
"Although those of the Catholic faith do not believe that abortion is an acceptable solution to undesired pregnancies, they do accept that there may be situations when an abortion takes place as the outcome of trying to deal with another medical issue. For example, the Church would allow "the doctrine of double effect" if the mother requires a life-saving operation that may possibly end the pregnancy, since it is the first priority to save the woman's life rather than end the pregnancy.
Many Protestant denominations including the Anglicans, Methodists and Quakers have been disinclined to be as strict as the Catholic Church. Frequently, they accept that there are certain occasions when abortion is an unavoidable result of deciding between the "lesser of two evils."
To further complicate the issue, explains Ellingson, there is even disagreement among the Catholics and among the Protestants. "It is not just a Catholic and Protestant Debate."
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Abortion, 2006.
A discussion of the issues surrounding the practice of abortion, with both feminist and nursing perspectives.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 6 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the complicated issue of abortion. The paper reviews the two perspectives of feminism and nursing, each offering guidelines for decisions related to abortion. In addition, the College of Nurses suggests particularism in its guidelines for ethical behavior, abortion involves killing. The paper reports that according to Savulescu "abortion is the killing of a fetus...the fetus is deprived of a future of value". Kavanaugh holds that abortion is a massive violation of human rights and is the murder of a defenseless human being. The paper further discusses how issue of abortion can be defined as one between the rights of the fetus and those of the mother.
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A Rational Consideration of the Permissibility of Abortion, 2008.
A discussion of the permissibility of abortion based on a comparative analysis of Dan Marquis' essay "An Argument that Abortion is Wrong" and Judith Thomson's essay "A Defense of Abortion".
2,100 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes two essays from Julian Cole's "Readings on the Ethics of Abortion" regarding the controversy over the permissibility of abortion. The first is Dan Marquis' "An Argument that Abortion is Wrong",
which attempts to make a unique argument against abortion which removes the prickly, and in many ways impossible to settle, contrast between those who view it as morally wrong and those who believe that it is a right protected by natural law. The second is Judith Thomson's "A Defense of Abortion", which, according to the paper, helps to discern the flaws in Marquis' approach while providing a justification for proliferation of abortion rights. Contrary to Marquis, Thomson attacks head-on the fundamental question at the heart of the debate, which is the definition of life. In both articles, there is a shared attempt to remove the difficult and prejudicial moral elements of the abortion controversy. To conclude, the paper maintains that, in more cases than not, a responsible societal administration of abortion rights must be seen as a permissible exercise of human rights.
From the Paper
"In his article, "An Argument that Abortion is Wrong," Dan Marquis crafts a case which he claims has no basis in religion. (Cole, 6) It is upon this claim that he attempts to make a unique argument against abortion which removes the prickly, and in many ways impossible to settle, contrast between those who view it as morally wrong and those who believe that it is a right protected by natural law. The reason for his claimed withdrawal from the traditionally religious notion of abortion as being a violation of the universal right to life is its inherently divisive nature. Here, we find that the pro-life advocate is seeking to enter the argument without falling prey to its usually impenetrable morass of subjective ideas."
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Post-Abortion, 2005.
This paper discusses abortion, especially the post abortion period, from the aspects of the Christian church.
2,035 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, in the view of the church, abortion is possibly one of the most vivid instances of a circumstance where something is legitimate in this contemporary period but is viewed as committing a sin against God. The author points out that the Church declares that the victims of abortion are both the woman and her child because the demise of a child is one of the severest moments of strain a person can bear in life; therefore post-abortion syndrome is the emotional trauma of not lamenting and not allowing oneself to experience the agony and suffering that goes with the bereavement. The paper states that the Law of God divulges the sin of both partners and they feel at fault and immense grief, the church controls individuals who persistently experience the saddle of the sin of abortion by repeatedly indicating them to the cross of their Lord Jesus.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Church on Abortion
Church on Psychological and Physical Post-Abortion Sequelae
Conclusion
From the Paper
"However, in case of some women, the strain post-abortion is linked with eating problems like overindulgence in eating, bulimia, and anorexia nervosa. Abortion is connected with greater depression, aggressive conduct, alcohol and drug abuse, and surrogate pregnancies, and lower maternal linkage with children who are born thereafter. These causes are strongly linked with child abuse and will seem to corroborate stray clinical evaluations connecting post-abortion pain with subsequent child abuse. It has been seen that post-abortion couples have increased chances of divorcing or undergoing separation. Several post-abortion women develop an increased problem forming long-term relationships with a male partner."
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Abortion Rights, 2007.
This paper provides an analysis of the sociology of abortion and looks at abortion rights among women.
2,269 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer maintains that the subject of abortion requires exploration into multiple moral, social and religious values. The writer points out that some may argue that abortion also requires an exploration of political views and legal perspectives, as the concept and subject is often shaped by multiple dynamics including those in the political realm. This paper reviews the subject of abortion from a sociological standpoint, arguing that women should be allowed the right to an abortion. The writer concludes that a woman's right to an abortion should be upheld and that women should be afforded the opportunity to make the decision they feel is best for them and their family when it comes to their body and their privacy.
Outline:
Introduction
History of the Problem
Discussion Present Situation
Opinion
Conclusions and Summary
References
From the Paper
"The subject of abortion is one that has long been argued among politicians, sociologists, humanists and citizens. Controversial because it involves one's definitions of life and values as a human, the subject of abortion is one that legal analysts have reviewed over decades. Ultimately however, the subject of abortion is one that rests on a woman's right to privacy. As a woman's "right" to privacy is a right upheld by the law, one can only assume that a woman should be guaranteed that right under the law. Because abortion involves one's personal decisions affecting their bodies, it is important that sociologists, psychologists and legal analysts avoid applying political idealisms to the subject of abortion, and rather consider the subject of abortion based on value systems and beliefs."
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The Ethics of Abortion, 2007.
A comparison of the arguments of Judith Thomson in "A Defense of Abortion," with those of Don Marquis in "Why Abortion is Immoral".
1,340 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts the respective arguments of Judith Thomson in "A Defense of Abortion," with those of Don Marquis in "Why Abortion is Immoral." The paper argues that while the two approaches to the question of abortion are distinct in their fundamental assumptions, in general both arguments are based on the same methodological premise that the complex ethical issues surrounding abortion can be understood through what may be termed a "property-rights" approach. The paper concludes that Marquis' argument is marginally stronger than Thomson's in this regard.
From the Paper
"Thomson's analogy that for a mother to be compelled to carry a person she does not want for nine months - with the possibility of years of support following - is analogous to someone using one's property without permission is clearly very strong. It suggests that the self-defense argument is particularly strong, to the point of being almost unchallengeable. After all, if we defend the right of a person to defend his own life to the point of killing another if necessary, then why cannot the same rule apply to a mother. More broadly, why should a mother be forced to allow another person use of their property should they not wish this? In contrast, Marquis seems to emphasize the value of the property in this analysis. For the mother to terminate a fetus would be, in effect, the elimination of decades of life-value for the unborn fetus."
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Ethics and Abortion, 2002.
An indepth exploration of both sides of the abortion debate.
2,646 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 17 sources, MLA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
Almost three decades after the landmark 1973 Roe vs. Wade case legalizing abortion in America, the issue remains the greatest moral flashpoint facing America today. This paper examines the underlying ethical arguments of both sides of the abortion debate, using Ronald Dworkin's "sanctity of life" principles. By "abortion," this paper includes all forms of abortion, from early fetal abortion through the RU46 drug to late-term abortions, from abortions out of "convenience" to abortions in cases of rape and incest. It evaluates how the anti-abortion crusade has framed their campaign on the personhood and the rights of the fetus. The second part looks at the pro-abortion movement, which has framed their issue as a campaign for women's reproductive rights. Finally, the paper examines the approach of a minority of women, activists from both camps who are working to bridge the gap between pro- and anti-abortion factions.
By presenting both sides, this paper argues that because of current societal structures that make unwanted pregnancy more likely to happen and its consequences more difficult to assume, abortion must remain an option, a "necessary evil." Both pro- and anti-abortion factions, however, must work towards their common ground - a society where abortions are no longer necessary.
From the Paper
"Despite the legality of abortion and its importance to women's rights, anti-abortion activists have successfully curtailed several pro-choice gains. More important, the "pro-life" camp's appeals to a higher moral law have successfully placed pro-choice advocates on the defensive.
However, pro-choice advocates also frame their stand on morality. Forcing a woman to continue and unwelcome pregnancy is ultimately harmful to the mother and the child. The creation of unwanted and uncared-for children has a two-fold effect of limiting a woman's potential for both the present and future motherhood. As Roiphe states, becoming a mother is a crucial choice and its imposition makes women into "slaves of their biology" (142)."
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Abortion and Ethics, 2007.
This paper discusses both sides of the abortion debate.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the underlying ethical arguments of both sides of the abortion debate, using Ronald Dworkin's "sanctity of life" principles. In this article, the writer includes all forms of abortion, from early fetal abortion through the RU46 drug to late-term abortions, from abortions out of "convenience" to abortions in cases of rape and incest. The essay evaluates how the anti-abortion crusade has framed its campaign on the personhood and the rights of the unborn fetus. The second part looks at the pro-abortion movement, which has framed its issue as a campaign for women's rights to privacy and reproductive freedom. The writer concludes that both pro- and anti-abortion factions have a common interest in seeing a society with no abortion, where the stigma and economic concerns attached to unwanted pregnancies no longer apply.
Outline:
Abortion and Ethics
Anti-Abortion Arguments
Pro-Abortion Arguments
Works Cited
From the Paper
"All these scientific arguments about fetal heart rates and brainwaves serve to tie abortion to a greater and more clear-cut moral issue - murder. At issue is what Ronald Dworkin terms people's belief in "the sanctity of life," a multidimensional value measured in several factors. First, life itself has an instrumental value, because everyone's life can contribute to the interests and well being of society as a whole. Second, life has a personal value, a good or personal worth to the living individual. Finally, beyond the instrumental and personal, life also has an intrinsic value. This intrinsic value exists independently of other people's valuation, regardless of the beliefs of its possessor or other observers."
"By proving that a fetus has a heartbeat, distinct DNA and brainwaves, through graphic films showing how a fetus reacts to shock and pain, the anti-abortion camp is focusing on what Dworkin identifies as the intrinsic value of life."
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Abortion, 2003.
An overview of abortion, followed by a discussion of abortion in the U.S., France and China.
1,269 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the issues concerning abortion including the stance of pro-life and pro-choice supporters. It looks at the debate over whether induced abortions should be permitted, encouraged, or severely repressed and how it has been a social issue that has divided theologians, philosophers and legislators for centuries. It analyzes the laws, practices and attitudes towards abortion in three different cultures, in the U.S., France and China.
From the Paper
"The debate over abortion in the United States has largely been a focus on the morality of the practice; in many developing nations of the world, though, the debate centers on the mother's right to survive in a harsh environment herself. For instance, the United Nations Population Fund reported in 2000 that worldwide, 350 million couples do not have access to safe and effective contraceptive methods, and millions of couples lack even the most basic information about birth control. That report stated that about 175 million unwanted pregnancies occur each year, about 20 percent of those end up in unsafe abortions, and more than half a million women per year die as a consequence (The Global War for Public Health, 2002, p. 24)."
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The Abortion Clinic Shootings, 2002.
An analysis of the article "The Abortion Clinic Shootings: Why?" by Randall Terry discussing the underlying reasons behind people being shot at abortion clinics.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 1 source, $ 39.95
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Abstract
The paper explains Terry's views that "Abortion is Murder" and how he sympathizes with the lawless anti-abortion activists. The paper details the author's suggestions for reducing violence against abortion providers and his assertion that abortion should be outlawed. The paper then explains both the pro-abortion and anti-abortion arguments and analyzes the article. The paper explains that Terry's article is an example of a "blame the victim" strategy, for he finds those who are the target of violence to be at fault for what happens to them. The paper shows how the author's stance is anti-democratic.
From the Paper
"Terry's logic in effect gives those who commit violence precisely what they want. They commit violence to end abortions, and Terry would stop the violence by ending abortions. It is clear that he sympathizes fully with those who commit violence even though at one point he does give lip-service to some criticism of them as taking the law into their own hands. Yet, his argument suggests that he does not believe this and that he believes the law is simply wrong. He points to the law allowing abortions as wrong and so as a law that should be thwarted, and he points to the law enforcement community as supporting an unjust law and so as a force that can also be opposed."
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Abortion Is Not a Legal Issue, 2006.
This paper focuses strictly on the physical standpoint of abortion, as opposed to the moral and legal aspects, in which the writer proves why abortion should not be allowed to exist.
1,830 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 16 sources, MLA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
The writer of this paper does not dwell on the moral, religious or legal platform of abortion, yet focuses on the debatable issue from a strictly physical standpoint. This paper defines abortion as the knowing destruction of the life of an unborn child or the intentional expulsion or removal of an unborn child from the womb. This paper discusses the pros and cons regarding the availability of the RU-486 abortion pill as well as other abortion procedures. The RU-486 pill, which can be used within the first eight weeks of pregnancy, is a milestone to the abortion coalition. This paper examines the argument surrounding the viability of an unborn fetus in which the generally accepted rule for viability is around 28 weeks.
From the Paper
"Cases have been reported of babies born four months premature, and weighing only one pound, nine ounces, surviving. If the abortion advocates could see what was being murdered they may not take it so lightly. For example, Cheryl Kondroski was 21 weeks pregnant when it was discovered that her baby had a very serious heart problem. After further testing showed that there was absolutely no chance of the baby even surviving the pregnancy, the decision was made to terminate the pregnancy. Labor was induced, and the little boy was born. Cheryl and the father were allowed to hold the baby. He was approximately 8 ? inches long and weighed a little over 1? pounds. Cheryl said, "His ears were still glued to his head. His eyes were shut, but his mouth was open. Everything, even fingernails and hair on his face, was there." Can anyone see this experience and still say that because this child could not survive on its own it was not a real child? Absolutely not."
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