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Feminist Mythology of Women's Work, 2008.
An overview of a paper, "Five Feminist Myths of Women's Employment", by Catherine Hakim regarding feminism in Canadian women.
2,416 words (approx. 9.7 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses gender inequality and highlights a landmark paper entitled "Five Feminist Myths of Women's Employment" by Catherine Hakim, which focusses on feminism in Canada.
Outline:
Introduction
Rising Female Employment and Work Dedication?
Poor Quality Jobs and Sexism?
Implications
Last Remarks
From the Paper
"Hakim spent a decade in labour research for the British public service after completing her PhD. Then she returned to academic life. Her exposure to large surveys and studies of labour trends had shown her something other than what feminists continued to teach in universities, in terms of rising numbers of women making their contribution to a work force that should be, and would one day be of 50-50 male-female composition. Feminists resent what they see as sexist stereotypes of women as less committed to their careers than men. Hakim found that fewer women were strongly dedicated to working life, in the way that more men were, and significantly, they chose another kind of lifestyle, their home and family lives important, too, many of them not interested in high career achievement, not driven by dreams of upward mobility, high incomes or status. (2000) This is interesting to compare with work focused on women victimized by gender, class or other social forces. (See Siltanen:2004) For instance, lack of affordable child care is seen to block women's efforts to advance, over and over, in Canadian sociology addressing women and labour. One also notices in Canada a tendency to measure women's fortunes, or the fortunes of the feminist movement in terms of women's earning levels.
"A late 1990s Canadian Council on Social Development report is totally geared to whether or not women were catching up in the 'earnings race'. (Scott & Lochhead:1997) This began to seem a curious focus, given the very trying and unpredictable 1990s employment market, that has made many Canadians grateful to be employed, able to pay their expenses and enjoy good health, a set of factors shaping a new Canadian culture that is nowhere in statistical assessments and a strong idea of what "should" be happening. Hakim found that many more European women who could afford childcare because they had professions or high enough wages did not want to work part-time to earn more, preferring their family lives ahead of career life. Hakim is well aware of women prevented from taking employment due to childcare costs but they saw this as temporary, being able to raise one's own children for a few years one of the benefits of the lives they chose. Women did not feel driven to make some sort of feminist, careerist example as academic feminists asserted that they wanted to make. In Canada, a national childcare system is seen as essential if single mothers are to become financially secure. (Davies Et Al:2001)"
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Greek Mythology: Women in Greek Life, 2002.
Examining the way in which women were depicted in classic Greek mythology.
1,025 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces, discuss and analyzes the topic of Greek mythology. Specifically, it contains an analysis of the role of women in Greek life as depicted in literature. It discusses how women underwent a tremendous change between the time of Homer and that of Aristophanes four hundred years later, as five different plays clearly illustrate. Early Greek women were one-dimensional and needy, while four hundred years later they were feminists complaining about their sex lives.
From the Paper
"Women in Greek life are portrayed in a wide variety of ways, and they did indeed change between Homer's type and Aristophanes' time. Homer often portrays women as scheming to keep men from performing their duty, such as how Calypso holds Ulysses on her island in "The Odyssey," attempting to keep her with him rather than allow him to return to his home and family. "This daughter of Atlas has got hold of poor unhappy Ulysses, and keeps trying by every kind of blandishment to make him forget his home, so that he is tired of life, and thinks of nothing but how he may once more see the smoke of his own chimneys" (Odyssey, Book I). In the Iliad, Homer continues to portray women as one-dimensional beings without feelings when he has Chryseis, the daughter of Chryses given as a war prize to Agamemnon as his share of the looting and subsequently ransomed by her father."
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Indian Women's Feminist Movements, 2008.
A review of four articles regarding the ideology of feminist movements that existed within the Indian Nationalist Movement.
2,277 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the pragmatism of the women's feminist movements in Indian history by presenting the points of view expressed in articles written by four different authors, namely: Suruchi Thapar-Bjorkert's "The Domestic Sphere as a Political Site: A Study of Women in the Indian Nationalist Movement", Carol Hills' "Nationalism and feminism in Late Colonial India: The Rani of the Jhansi regiment 1943-1945", Basu Apama's "Feminism and Nationalism in India, 1917-1947", and Stephen Legg's Gendered Politics and Nationalized Homes: Women and the Anti-Colonial Struggle in India: 1930-47". The analysis and discussion of these articles represents a critical view on the nature of feminism in India during the rise of Indian nationalism during the early and middle parts of the 20th century.
Outline:
Introduction
Analysis and Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Basu Apama's article "Feminism and Nationalism in India, 1917-1947" dictates the state of feminist movements during a wide range of history, but provides the tenets of the feminist movement that was seen through the rise of Indian nationalism. Apama's argument for feminist liberation resides on the power of Mahatma Gandhi who actively supported the various feminist movements that sought to derail the traditional patriarchal constructs of violence as a form of opposition:
[Gandhi] claimed that women were better than men in waging nonviolent passive resistance because they had greater capacity for self-sacrifice and endurance, were less self seeking, and had moral courage.
This aspect of the women's movement helped to bring many women into the nationalist movement in India, but certainly, the pragmatic aspect of this foundation for feminist involvement only supports a patriarchal construct. One critical view of this feminist" ideology is that women were actively still performing a submissive role that could still deemed submissive to the male roles of aggression and "violence." The basis of a feminist movement in India appears to be validating the aggressive and submissive roles of women, especially when Apama defines women through Gandhi's ideology for being "less self seeking" in their agenda as a women seeking liberation. This begs the question: Were women merely being used as human shields through their typically submissive female roles in Indian nationalism? The pragmatism of Apama's article surely does not answer crucial questions as to how women were being liberated due to the often powerful men that still controlled political and traditional male roles in Indian society. Although feminist movements began to become more organized, the issue of its effectiveness is highly questionable under the policies of Gandhi in this period of history. In this manner, Apama promotes the freedom of women from the bonds of patriarchal institutions, yet there is little evidence that they made advances in reducing the often submissive stereotypes and generalizations made about them by the male donated nationalist movements in Indian history."
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The Feminist Challenge: Women and the Issue of Multiculturalism, 2002.
Argues that the concept of multiculturalism should not accept discrimination and oppression within itself, focusing on the subject from a feminist viewpoint.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 7 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
Acknowledging that there are a variety of legitimate positions on this issue, this essay will nonetheless argue - as per Will Kymlicka - that while multiculturalism is, by definition, inclusive, it cannot and must not accept discrimination and oppression within itself. Of course, it must be admitted that there is no society in the world that is free from discrimination. However, as will be demonstrated with particular reference to the rights of women, to accept any form of oppression within a multicultural society is to invite a fatal virus into the body politic. However, it will also be argued that this absolute response can only legitimately be maintained within the boundaries of Western societies. To extend this rule on a global level represents a form of cultural imperialism that may, in fact, do more harm than good.
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Feminist Approaches to Women's Writing, 2004.
Critical review of British feminist author, Fay Weldon.
1,176 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews and analyzes the way Fay Weldon portrays the men and the heroines in her novels. The paper also discusses the underlying theme in Weldon's novels that women must hold themselves accountable for their weaker status in society.
From the Paper
"Feminism refers to the theory or set of principles according to which women refuse to acknowledge the importance of men in their lives. They reject the notion that men and women complement each other and that they need to walk together to keep the wheel of life running. Feminism has not only affected politics or business organizations, but has left a deep impact on the world of literature too where several women writers have adopted feminist stance. The stories written by these writers and the characters they created, all reflected a deeply feminist streak. In most of these works, a woman is assigned the lead role so she could speak for the writer. Fay Weldon is among one such British feminist writer whose novels have been considered controversial by many as they reflect conflicting forms of feminism. Weldon?s novels have been widely read and most of them received rave reviews upon their publication, however there are still some critics who feel that Weldon doesn?t always portray men-women relationship in the most accurate manner. In other words, these critics are of the view that Fay Weldon is not as keen or astute an observer of male-female relationship as she would have us believe."
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Women Mentoring Women, 2000.
A brief historical overview of women and their past legal, as well as an analysis of the unique influential process of mentoring and the problems that have resulted from this process.
6,535 words (approx. 26.1 pages), 52 sources, $ 150.95
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Abstract
This is an exhaustive paper examining the way that women mentor women in modern American professional society. Examines the history of the phenomenon, and gives information on how mentoring should be given and received.
From the Paper
"Women mentoring women in the workplace is a relatively new phenomenon. Woman-to-woman mentoring encompasses circumstances and rules that are specific to a female style and representative of a female culture. The workplace puts demands on our priorities and our energy that bring new factors into woman-to-woman relationships. Our identity as professional women with career responsibilities affects our interactions with other women who are also committed to improving their performance and achieving greater success. Women learning from women at work, women mentoring each other as career professionals with job and personal lives, is an emerging opportunity with enormous potential to change work and women's lives for the future (Duff, 1999, p. xv & xvi). Mentoring begins with an influence that someone has upon another person. It also can help to shape and develop a person's personality and thoughts. In research, it has been proven that women need role models that help them to pursue and conquer future endeavors in the workforce. Discovery into the differences between males and females might be a way to unlock strategies to aid in diversity counseling as well as provide positions in organizations that are solely devoted to mentorship."
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Women's Poetry and Women's Politics, 2002.
A comparison between the poetry of Muriel Ruckeyser and that of Adrienne Rich, and an exploration of their feminist messages.
1,030 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the poetry of Muriel Ruckeyser, as found in her book ?The Book of the Dead?, and that of Adrienne Rich, using her work entitled "Twenty-one Love Poems". The paper gives a biographical background on each of the poets, stressing their importance to the contemporary women?s movement and to American poetry. Rich?s poems are explored for their ideas on the relationships between women, and Ruckeyser?s are studied in terms of their comparison to a documentary and in relation to her strong political view.
From the Paper
"To many, Poetry is the voice of women. It is the way in which women can express their inner thoughts and feelings, to write the things that they can not say. Poetry is more than words on paper but someone?s feelings and life poured into the readers mind. Poets let the readers climb inside their heads and taste what the poet feels, sees, and thinks.
Two major women poets that are in the inner ring of American feminist poets are Muriel Ruckeyser and Adrienne Rich. Though their poetry may be different in content, many of their messages are the same: we need to be heard. Ruckeyser?s ?The Book of the Dead? describes conditions and feelings of the Gauley Bridge tragedy through actual courtroom testimonies to words from actual citizens of the town. Adrienne Rich?s ?Twenty-one Love Poems? describes in many ways, her love of her companion as well as their struggles and times together."
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Feminist and Anti-Feminist Films, 2005.
An analysis of the themes of male protection against male violence in the films, "Something Wild" and "Thelma and Louise".
742 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how good outlaws who are on the run from the law are a typical theme of American cinema and how both "Something Wild," directed by Jonathan Demme, and "Thelma and Louise," directed by Ridley Scott, are of the 'road movie' genre, which features the American myth of the open road and free and easy access to changing one's life through motion.
From the Paper
"Thus, both films deal with a problem-if feminism is about women's rights, what of women's rights if the law, for both men and women, is so often wrong. One reason both films provide different answers is that Something Wild involves a male and a female, while Thelma and Louise involves two females. Something Wild suggests that the female is only capable of full motion and movement on the open road in the presence of a male, while the plot of Thelma and Louise suggests that the road provides a potential means of escape for both men and women, and that the presence of men such as the cowboy/drifter of Brad Pitt can sunder female closeness."
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Wallace Stevens and Desire: Woman Lost--Woman Ignored, 2005.
A psychosexual and archetypal study of feminine figures in "Collected Poems of Wallace Stevens".
5,141 words (approx. 20.6 pages), 33 sources, MLA, $ 128.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the "Collected Poems of Wallace Stevens", America poet. The paper shows that desire and desired denied in this work may be interpreted through the archetypal psychology of Carl Jung to disclose the reason for Stevens' preference for places over people and to explain his ambivalence toward the abstract feminine figures in his poems.
From the Paper
"Feminine archetypes reconstruct the distant attitudes in Stevens' poetry by figuring-forth embedded emotions. First, they provide an archetypal perspective on individual poems. Second, they illustrate how, ranging from Harmonium (1923) to The Rock (1954), clusters of motifs influence the poet-hero's psychic development. Although their appearances change to fit their ambiguous roles, these singular feminine figures determine the poet-hero's canon-long struggle to achieve a regulated unity of self. Two categories need to be distinguished: (a) feminine figures and (b) the interior paramour. Their protean capability makes scrupulous demarcations between exterior feminine figures impossible, but three forms or combinations prevail: the summer maiden (Kore or lover), the universal mother or earth mother, and the maiden-mother (an overlapping maid and mother figure). The interior paramour represents a climax to the poet-hero's experience with exterior feminine figures."
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Women?s Perceptions and the Feminist Theory, 2001.
1,960 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 3 sources, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how society?s perceptions of women affect feminist theory: The author discusses the feminist belief that there is a social division between men and women, in terms of representation and that this division is caused by the perception of an inherent difference between the sexes. This paper discusses this point of view from the works of: Audry Lourde's essay, "The Master's Tools Will Never Dismantle the Master's House", Donna Haraway's essay, "A Cyborg Manifesto", and Henry Hwang's adaptation of the classic "M. Butterfly".
From the Paper
"How society perceives women is the root of feminism. There is a social division between men and women, and this division is caused by the perception of an inherent difference between the sexes. As feminists do not believe that a perception of difference should act as a classification for men and women, it is the representation and presentation of this sense of difference that is the target of feminist actions."
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Male Heroism and Female Power in Mythology, 2002.
A comparison of the tales of "Gilgamesh", "Joan of Arc", and "Medea" to identify roles played by men and women in classic mythology.
1,408 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at how, in mythological tales, it appears that powerful men are hailed as heroes, while powerful women are feared for their propensity towards destruction. The reason for this could be seated both in culture and fear of barbarism as opposed to the paradigm of "civilization". This paper compares "Gilgamesh", "Joan of Arc", and "Medea" to understand this concept.
From the Paper
"The only reputable and kind woman in Gilgamesh's life is his mother, representing the married, child-bearing woman who is the "good" woman of this social paradigm. All other women are either harlots or cruel and temperamental goddesses. As soon as a woman wields power then, ill repute or cruelty forms part of her actions. An example of the social paradigm of the time is the right of the king to the bed of a newly married woman before she spends her first night with her husband. Women are expected to subordinate themselves to this."
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The Importance of Mythology, 2004.
An analysis of the study of mythology.
2,635 words (approx. 10.5 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the importance of studying mythology. A definition of mythology is presented. The ancient and modern aspects are outlined in this paper. The paper describes the importance of mythology as a teaching tool. The cultural and religious facets are also explored.
Outline
Defining Mythology
The Lessons of Mythology
Mythology as a Cultural Paradigm
Mythology as a Human Paradigm
Mythology and Conflict
Mythology as Religion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The study of mythology is important for both individualistic and collective reasons. On an individual level, mythology could teach moral or human truths, whereas on a collective level mythology could be used to keep people in touch with their origins. Mythological stories could then be used to teach children values such as hard work, diligence and obedience. Role models are created through mythological figures. Also, the mythology of different cultures can serve to teach the student about the values of that culture. This is particularly important in the world today, since advancing technology and phenomena such as globalization has brought foreign cultures much more frequently in touch with each other than was previously the case. It is therefore important to study mythology for the values that it can teach both children and adults, and also for understanding the heritage inherent in these stories."
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Mythology, 2004.
A discussion of mythology, focusing on the similarities between different types of mythology.
1,380 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the similarities between Greek and Roman mythology and Native American mythology. The elements of heroism and romance are discussed. The paper illustrates how today's romance novels and movies are simply a furthering of old mythical tales, and our culture feeds on these stories just as classical Romans and Greeks fed on their own persuasive and pervasive myths.
From the Paper
"The classical myths of Greece and Rome have much in common with medieval myths, because ultimately, all myths have elements in common. The Greek and Roman myths dwell most often on heroes, Gods, and Goddesses. Their characters are larger than life ? someone the reader can look up to. Medieval myths also heavily rely on heroes who commit heroic deeds, such as Charlemagne and King Arthur. One difference is many of the heroes in medieval myths were real people, while most of the heroes in Greek and Roman myth were just that ? myths. Medieval myths took mythology one step further, because they often commemorated and idealized the deeds of real people, and this was quite a step away from classical mythology."
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Greco-Roman Mythology and Christianity, 2004.
An examination of the impact and influence of Greco-Roman mythology on early Christianity.
3,019 words (approx. 12.1 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 88.95
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Abstract
Greco-Roman mythology has quite obviously influenced Christianity. These parallel myths are made evident throughout the Bible and are a testament to the ability of two cultures to meld their beliefs.This paper looks at the mythology's influence on Christianity and compares old Greco-Roman gods to the saints used in Christianity. It also compares old stories and myths from Greco-Roman mythology that were transformed and rewritten in the Bible.
Introduction
Influence of Greco-Roman Mythology on Christianity
Comparison of Saints, Stories and Myths
Bible Stories compared to Greek Myths
Discussion and Conclusion
From the Paper
"The book, Hellenism and Christianity asserts that Christianity and Greco-Roman sentiment meshed and that this melding is evident from the very first Christian writings to the church of Thessalonica during the reign of Claudius. (Bevan and Allen 1921) The authors contend that the Christian writing takes the ?old body of ideas, emotions, and desires which made up the mentality of the Greco-Roman world.? (Bevan and Allen 1921) Ultimately, the authors argue, Christianity is nothing more than the fusion of the Greco-Roman world and a Christ based religion."
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Mortality and Mythology, 2002.
A discussion of the themes of social and mortal suffering and mythology in ?Prometheus? by Lord Byron and ?Leda and the Swan? by W. B. Yeats.
1,177 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how poetry is a good example of how the effective and powerful portrayal of mythology, especially in Lord Byron and W. B. Yeats? literary works. It looks at how the theme of mortality is an important issue often discussed in works of poetry depicting myths and it characters. It shows how the direct comparison between gods and man illustrates the ability of man to overcome power and display bravery despite his shortcomings and the gods? advantage for being powerful and possessing extraordinary skills. It analyzes the use of the theme of mortality in the two poets? works, namely ?Prometheus? by Lord Byron, based on the myth of Prometheus, who had experienced sufferings in the hands of the great god Zeus and ?Leda and the Swan? by W. B. Yeats which reflects the stagnation and suffering of humanity, as expressed by the ?harassment? and violation Leda experiences under the swan?s (Zeus) control.
From the Paper
"Similarly, Lord Byron?s ?Prometheus? is an example of Man?s mortality and conflict with the immortal gods. Mortality is usually perceived as weakness, while immortality is associated with power, since being an immortal denies you the gift of Death, which most people fear and do not want to happen. Mortality is portrayed in Byron?s poem through Prometheus? suffering, which is evoked in the opening lines of the poem: ?TITAN! to whose immortal eyes/ The sufferings of mortality/ Seen in their sad reality?? By using the word mortality in rhyme with ?sad reality,? Byron illustrates how mortality is a disadvantageous trait of man if pitted against the powers and immortality of gods, who can never lose because they can live forever. Prometheus? suffering can be likened to Napoleon Bonaparte who has to experience suffering and death first before the society realized his fight for freedom of all people. "
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