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Feminism and Classical Music, 2008.
This paper discusses the feminist roles of composers Amy Beach and Clara Schumann in the Romantic era.
2,379 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
The paper describes how Amy Beach and Clara Schumann helped to advance the greater participation of women in a patriarchal music culture of the Romantic era. The paper discusses the parental influences of both Beach and Schumann as well as their innate talents. The paper looks at how their pioneering efforts on the touring circuits would pave the way for other female performers to be able to compose and perform.
From the Paper
"Although the term feminism was not present in the time of Amy Beach, her family often supported her desire to become an accomplished musician when she was a young girl. In a modern sense, Beach's father was considered "progressive", since he wished to see her learn and be able to perform music as a major part of her educational development. Amy Beach (1867-1944) was a woman that beheld many talents, and when she was younger, she was considered a childhood prodigy. Her main instrument was the piano, on which she had already written her first song at the age of four. The obvious signs of her talent were noticed by her parents, who were supportive of her musical training."
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Liberal Feminism vs. Lesbian Feminism, 2002.
This essay focuses on two prime theoretical aspects of feminism, namely liberal feminism and lesbian feminism.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
Both the theories acknowledge the fact that women have long been oppressed by predominant male attitudes and ideas, as well as an essentially patriarchal societal structure. The former theory is reformist in the sense that it seeks to work within the existing system, and wants to modify it in order to ensure women have equal opportunities as men, be they in education, career, or politics. The latter's focus is on giving women their unique sexual identity by challenging the imposition of heterosexuality and giving lesbianism its due recognition.
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Negative Impact of Popular Music and Music Videos, 2003.
Investigates the negative impact of popular music and music videos on youth in the United States today.
3,623 words (approx. 14.5 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 100.95
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Abstract
The music industry spends enormous amounts of money to create music videos that will make a profit, and the one ingredient they have consistently found that helps sell their products is violence; this violence is usually directed toward women. The AAP notes that there is a paucity of research concerning the impact of such gratuitous violence on children and adolescents. To this end, this paper demonstrates this relationship through a critical review of the literature, followed by a summary of the research and recommendations in the conclusion.
From the Paper
"The definitions concerning what constitutes entertainment and what is protected by the 1st Amendment do not necessarily address the underlying problems of violence in the media and sometimes only serve to merely contribute to the statistical haze that surrounds an already complex situation. The recent appearance of national leaders on MTV attests to the importance and power of music videos in shaping the nation's conscience. Further, while many non-black observers feel that rap music is just "so much noise generated by angry black youths," rap music or simply "rap," is in actuality a reflection of the current affairs within the communities in which it is performed. Rap is a "genre of rhythm-and-blues music that consists of rhythmic vocals declaimed over musical accompaniment. The accompaniment generally consists of electronic drum beats combined with samples (digitally isolated sound bites) from other musical recordings" (Bowman, 2003). From this perspective, rap is an extension of the Black Power movement of the 1960s, and has embodied the essence of the young black culture. The first rap recording was made in 1979 and the genre rose to prominence in the United States in the mid-1980s. Although the term rap is often used interchangeably with hip-hop, the latter term encompasses the subculture that rap music is simply one part of. The term hip-hop derives from one of the earliest phrases used in rap, and can be found on the seminal recording "Rapper's Delight" (1979) by Sugarhill Gang. In addition to rap music, the hip-hop subculture also comprises other forms of expression, including dance methodologies, art, vocabulary (in the form of slang) and fashion affectations. Despite these contributions to the popular culture, many observers suggest a connection between the music and personification of violence evinced in music videos and rap as a factor contributing to the incidence of violence by young people in the United State today."
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Transnational Feminism, 2006.
A discussion of transnational feminism - feminism in the era of globalization.
1,436 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
The paper uses the quote: "Culture...consists in the way analogies are drawn between things, in the way certain thoughts are used to think others" as a focal point to make a connection between Shohat's argument that globalization just be seen as part of the much longer history of colonialism, and the sexualization of female bodies in popular culture. The paper analyzes gendered politics of power that position women differently than men, comparing to narratives of progress, development, the modern, social evolution and their opposing narratives (i.e. primitive, underdeveloped, backward uncivilized, caught in a timeless past). The paper concludes that in order for feminism to become transnational the elite women in the richer countries must be able to consider and conceive the plight of the rural women in a third world country and what their specific needs might be, even though those may be very different from their own.
Table of Contents:
Objective
Introduction
The Feminist Agenda: Transnational Feminism
Women's Organizations: Whose Agenda Calls the Tune?
Transnational Feminism: Different Cultures and Different Definitions
Colonialism and Globalization: Same or Different Agenda?
Globalization's Agenda
Women in the New Millennium
Summary & Conclusion
From the Paper
"In a work in writing that addresses the agenda of the transnational feminist against war the author Bachetta et al (2001) states that the first thing that must be done in reaching the goals set forth that first the thorough analysis of the "gendered and racialized effects of nationalism" must be addressed. Brenner writes that "Capitalist Globalization has had a profound yet contradictory impact on women's lives and on the possibilities for contesting male domination in both the core and periphery of the world capitalist system." And she states that "women's life conditions are in many respects growing worse.""
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Feminism in Native America, 2007.
An analysis of feminism in Native America and its impact on native communities.
1,172 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses feminism in Native America. It begins by describing various forms of feminism and discussing three waves of feminism. It then links feminism in Native America to the third wave, which includes ecofeminism, postcolonial feminism, generational, youth feminism and embodiment, nature, culture and dualism. The paper goes on to discuss the implications of this form of feminism on the native communities.
From the Paper
"Regardless of its origins in Native communities, sexism operates with full force today and requires strategies that directly address it. Smith believes that before Native peoples fight for the future of their nations, they must decide who is included in the nation. Gender justice is often articulated as being a separate issue from issues of survival for indigenous peoples, and such an understanding presupposes that "we could actually decolonize without addressing sexism, which ignores the fact that it has been precisely through gender violence that we have lost our lands in the first place," argues Smith."
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Globalization Impact on Feminism, 2008.
This paper discusses the implications of the current paradigm shift that feminism is undergoing in response to the processes of globalization.
1,223 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This essay examines the implications of globalization for feminism, including the "paradigm shift" that some scholars perceive feminism is undergoing in response to globalization. It also considers the kinds of issues to which feminist analysis is being challenged to pay attention. The writer notes that globalization has imposed new pressures on feminism, and feminism has responded by generating new types of feminism and new paradigms. The writer concludes with the hope that it is possible to construct a transnational feminism that is at the same time not hegemonic, one that respectfully incorporates and listens to the various discourses, yet somehow manages to build enough common ground to enable global feminists to work cohesively together.
From the Paper
"In like vein, Seyla Benhabib proposes building solidaristic communities in which we can acknowledge each other's diverse and multiple identities, while at the same time we can listen respectfully to each other, acknowledging the many strands that comprise our identities. In this way, there is hope of building up a respectful form of global feminist solidarity that can work to counter the most destructive forces of globalization. For example, there could be a site for a global community of feminists that oppose the depredations of the planet currently being unleashed by transnational corporations.
"Clearly, this new way of looking at feminism may be seen as a substantial paradigm shift."
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Feminism, 2005.
This paper discusses the political elements of the theory of feminism, which is also viewed as a social theory.
2,210 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that feminism is a much lesser studied theory than liberalism or realism in the field of international relations; nonetheless, it deserves attention because women have had an impact on the foundation of international relations. The author points out that feminism, along with other gender theories, are based on three assumptions: 1) Women should be fully incorporated into the field of international relations to ensure an equal voice for everyone, 2) there should be a distinct and noticeable re-focusing of international relations and 3) it assumes that post-positivist methodology should be used in order to deconstruct gender issues at the international level. This paper explains that radical feminism is opposed to integrating existing feminism into any frameworks because it is trying to create a distinctly feminine analysis, which isn't subservient to a male agenda the way other theories have been in the past: They criticize both liberal and critical theories of feminism.
From the Paper
"The next category of feminism that we are going to take a look at is Marxist or critical feminist theory. This theory largely suggests that the problem in the world is capitalism, which has resulted in making women work as a labor of love, for no economic reward, in a sense rendering them invisible. This theory searches for the answer to why women and men have appeared in international relations, instead of a focus on how, like so many other subcategories of feminism. To look at it from a different perspective, critical theory asks us questions like: "What ideas about the appropriate relationship between women and men, feminine and masculine, inform the practices of particular actors and institutions? And what material conditions and social forces contribute to the reproduction of those practices? Finally, are attempts to alter those understandings and practices facilitated or hindered by prevailing material conditions?""
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Morality, Justice, Feminism, 2005.
A look at how morality and justice relate to the concept and practice of feminism in the United States in 2005.
2,295 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper begins with an explanation of the difference in the definitions of justice and morality and then explains why the concept of justice and morality both have a bearing on the concept and practice of feminism today. The paper concludes that the idea feminism promotes equality from a scientific perspective, because it seeks to create balance where there was none, as well as from a philosophical perspective, because it is predicated on cooperation, not competition.
Feminism, Morality, Justice
The Second Sex
The Philosophical and Practical Failures of "Third Wave" Feminism
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The role of morality in feminism, then, may be more universal than first thought. Morality can be traced to the branching of hominids into people and 'other' and the moral imperative for an animal as smart as a human not to foul its own nest nor do harm to its own kind. An animal that smart can take care to keep his 'nest' clean for altruistic purposes, or, if he is as smart as all that, surely he can see that it is simply impractical in the long run to foul his own nest or harm members of his own species. Among the activities that would certainly foul the smart, strong animal's nest would be cruelty to the other smart animal he needs to give him comfort, and, quite frankly, to ensure generational succession."
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Guillaume Dufay Music from Medieval and Renaissance Music, 2006.
An examination of Guillaume Dufay's music and its origins.
34 words (approx. 0.1 pages), 6942 sources, MLA, $ 17.95
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Abstract
In this paper the author looks at what Guillaume Dufay's music meant in terms of music history. The author starts with a look at the Gregorian chant from Medieval times which was the main form of sacred music, how it developed and what it gave to modern music. The paper continues with a look at the other forms of music that have developed over the years and contributed to the work of Guillaume Dufay. In particular the author highlights the development of church music in the Renaissance period which, as he points out was the basis for Dufay's music compositions. The author discusses the life and works of Dufay's music as a move towards a clearly defined tonal and functional harmonic structure. The author believes that this helped prepare one of the most important stylistic developments in music of the following century. In conclusion the author reminds us that we are lucky to have the musical pieces that have been curated and restored. A number of Dufay's as well as other composers from that era had masterpieces destroyed because of the political climate.
Outline:
Table of Contents
Introduction
Gregorian Chant
Motet
Troubadour Influence
The Development of Musical Notation
Polyphony
Machaut
Guillaume Dufay a Biography
Dufay's Music
Dufay and Faux-bourdon
Dufay's Motets
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Dufay began composing at a time when musical style was in a period of relative stability and changing that style was not readily accepted. Dufay cannot be thought of as one of the great revolutionaries in Western music; the term 'originality' in the classic sense of the word was not familiar to him. This is not to say, however, that Dufay was in any way lacking of originality or he was in any way reactionary. Quite to the contrary, he played an integral role in the development of faux-bourdon and the cyclic mass. He was one of the first composers to handle four-voice texture with any kind of convincing skill before the end of the 15th century. Furthermore, his attempt to move towards a clearly defined tonal and functional harmonic structure helped prepare one of the most important stylistic developments of the following century. Dufay's works and compositions have come to be known as the supremely polished works of a long period of slow and serene stylistic change."
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Feminism, 2005.
A brief overview of the three waves of feminism in U.S. history.
735 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
The first wave of feminism began in 1848. This paper looks at the subsequent two waves of feminism in American history, including the women most identified with the movement in each era. The paper focuses on the third wave and examines its similarity to postmodern feminism.
From the Paper
"Third wave feminism is often considered very similar to postmodern feminism but also very different. Postmodern feminists generally tend to believe that there are many different ways that women can be oppressed rather than one way, and that feminists need to think from a dualistic perspective when considering self identity (Frederick, 2004:18)."
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African Music's Influence on Pop Music Culture, 2005.
An ethno-musicological study of African music's influence on western society's popular music culture.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 4 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
The paper by examines various western artists, such as Paul Simon and David Byrne, and shows how African music plays an important part in how popular music is interwoven within the western musical tradition. The paper concludes that western music in North America has been greatly influenced by the music of South Africa and other traditional musical traditions from the African continent.
From the Paper
"This ethno musicological study will examine the various African music influences that have become imbued within western pop music culture. By examining various western artists, such as Paul Simon and David Byrne, one can realize how African music plays an important part in how pop music is interwoven within the western musical tradition. In essence, western music in North America has been greatly influenced by the music of South Africa and other traditional musical traditions from the African continent."
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When Feminism Goes too Far, 2002.
A discussion of radical feminism in today's society.
1,852 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how radical feminism today is not only harmful in image, but has its principles backwards with its continued passion for gender uniformity in America today. It examines the differences between inequality and discrimination with examples through history of female oppression and feminism. It looks at how certain types of militants are twisting feminism into a reverse discrimination that harms the integrity of the feminist movement itself. Men and women don't need to be the same.
From the Paper
"Looking through these centuries of structural and attitudinal oppression, it's easy to understand the fire with which female suffragists ignited their cause. Slowly, women began speaking. They began thinking. One historical example of the loss of intellectual inhibition was Dolly Madison's letters to her husband, President James Madison. Not only did she use sarcasm to poke at him, she was also quite frank and candid with her thoughts. She even urged President Madison to "remember the ladies" when constructing the new constitution. The culmination of these strides was the Seneca Falls convention of 1848. Female activists including Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, and Lucretia Mott gathered together to discuss and make plans for the future of feminine equality."
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Feminism and the Family in Iran, 2002.
A look at the state of feminism and the women's movement in contemporary Iran.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
It will be argued that the assumptions of Western feminist theory and practice - constructed within a Western social and cultural environment - are not directly applicable to the Iranian social and cultural milieu. However, it must be understood that this essay will not assume a "cultural relativist" position with respect to the discussion of the role of women and feminism in contemporary Iran. As will be seen, despite a history of feminist activism in Iran under the Shah, and the contribution of Iranian women to the Islamic Revolution, organized feminism in Iran today has been systematically crushed by the conservative Islamic authorities. It will be argued that contrary to official Iranian propaganda - supported by some Iranian feminists who have been pressured to denounce Western feminism(s), as well as by some Western "relativist" feminists - women have been politically, socially and economically marginalized in Iranian society. However, Iranian women have "improvised" in the face of this oppression; creating new roles for themselves that use the Iranian family unit as the basis for their enterprises. The Iranian family, as will be shown, is key to understanding the role of women in modern Iran.
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Feminism in Politics, 2006.
A review of the role of feminism in politics and political science.
1,458 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the major feminist critiques of mainstream political science and the contributions feminism has made to the study of political participation. The paper further attempts to provide an understanding and appreciation of the sphere of influence of feminism on politics.
Outline:
Abstract
Feminist Critiques of Mainstream Political Science
Feminist Contributions to the Study of Political Participation
Feminism's Effect on the Study of Political Participation
Conclusion
From the Paper
"On a strategic level, the advancement of women into the halls of higher learning institutions contributed to political studies from both sides of the classroom in a sense. Female students, now empowered by a clearer sense of political identity and their role in the feminist movement, began to challenge the course content which usually portrayed men as superior in intelligence, nerve, and political ability, thereby making them politically superior to women. Female students also fought for the right to have access to the same educational institutions and resources as their male counterparts (Ali, 2000). Eventually, having earned degrees of higher learning as well as political power, feminists rose to the role of instructor in many educational settings, giving them a pulpit from which to share the practical realities and advantages of feminist thought and practice."
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Second-Wave Feminism, 2004.
Analyzes the theme of second-wave feminism in Marlo Thomas's book, "Free to Be You and Me".
1,254 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how Marlo Thomas's children's book, "Free To Be...You and Me", published in 1974, is a prime example of second-wave feminist activism. It looks at how, unlike first-wave feminism, typified by the suffrage movement and personified by women like Susan B. Anthony, second-wave feminism had two primary agendas, which can be seen in Thomas's novel. It attempts to show how second-wave feminism, with such slogans as "the personal is the political," and the ideology of consciousness raising, are implicitly, as well as explicitly, exemplified in "Free to Be You and Me".
From the Paper
"Millett's highly influential text led women to see patriarchy as ever-present and ever-expansive. Women's oppression was not only played out in the traditional political structures that first wave feminists had identified (legal, economic, educational), but it was also played out in women's minds and bodies. Hence, rejecting gender conditioning and fighting for reproductive choice became key second wave issues. The short skits and catchy songs of Thomas's storybook were meant to stop gender conditioning at the core; the most influential period, childhood. Titles like "Housework," "Ladies First," and "Grandma," identify and attempt to dismantle many commonly held gender stereotypes of the 1970s, and contradict most other books and programming available for children at that time."
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