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Female Head of Household, 2005.
A discussion on the issues associated with the female head of household in today's society.
2,837 words (approx. 11.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 84.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the problems of female heads of households have their origins in the economics of the nation, which favor full-time work and reward males disproportionately for the same labor. It looks at how this initial imbalance is intensified by the social welfare system, which would rather punish female heads of households than help them, no matter what effect it might have on them or their offspring. It also discusses how any solution would need to be two-fold, societal and political.
From the Paper
"Sharp noted that the market "ignores the long household work hours, the hours of care-giving, and the work imposed by traditional familial roles of the larger society. But a greater commitment to the labor market by women poses problems for women's economic health for two reasons" (1998). Moreover, the problem for working female heads of households is even more severe. "First, the incomes earned by many women are not significantly above the levels sufficient to support a family at a standard of living above the poverty line" (Sharp, 1998). For all women, he noted, household tasks and market labor, taken together, add up to long hours and low pay for all women, but for female heads of household, the 'environment', as Sharp calls the complex of paid and unpaid labor, is even worse."
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Female Heads of Households, 2006.
A discussion about the issue of gender equality in the economy towards women who are the main breadwinners in a household.
2,854 words (approx. 11.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 84.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that the economy favors men as the main breadwinners. It explains that the problems of female heads of households have their origins in the economics of the nation, favoring full-time work and rewarding males disproportionately for the same labor. The paper points out that this initial imbalance is intensified by the social welfare system, cut once (and likely again) in the recent past by a Republican administration that, by its actions, would rather punish female heads of households than help them, no matter what effect it might have on them or their offspring.
From the Paper
"The huge numbers of Baby Boomers has worked to intensify the effect, making competition for scarce jobs and benefits more intense than for any previous generation, at the same time increasing the amount that generation pays in taxes to keep Social Security payments to its parents-voted into being by those parents-going up. While all this is problematical for female heads of household, it is even more dire for African American female heads of households, with a new problem-the recently recognized 'marriage gap'-to add to the difficulties. Any solution would need to be two-fold: societal and political. While it is true that one cannot legislate attitudes, one can legislate policies and programs. Making those more 'female head of household friendly' would at least begin to solve half of the problems faced by that population group."
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Male Teachers and The Effects of Female-Headed Households, 2002.
This paper attempts to answer the question of whether or not male teachers positively affect male students being raised by single mothers and vice versa.
2,795 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 83.95
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Abstract
Via a literature review, personal interviews and extensive data analysis, this paper examines what effects the increase in female-headed households has on male elementary school teachers, particularly those in the primary grades. The paper additionally examines how male teachers construct their own masculinities on a daily basis, how they perceive their dramatic under-representation in the occupation and what meanings this arrangement has for them. Finally, it describes their feelings and ideas about the issue of increasing the number of males in elementary teaching, and whether or not they feel it is unfair for single mothers to place too much ?role model? responsibility on their shoulders.
From the Paper
\"Some students go through their first six years of school without ever encountering a male teacher (Cohen, 1990). Because of the small number of male teachers, it is thought that schools do not offer boys enough models of male behavior. Today many boys, especially the sons of single mothers, lack such models in their lives, which has caused many single mothers raising boys to purposefully seek out elementary schools where their children can find male teachers, so that they will have at least one male role model in their lives. However the question remains as to whether or not male teachers are critical to a fatherless child?s emotional and academic development.\"
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"Head To Head" by Lester Thurow, 1994.
This paper reviews Lester Thurow's proposed industrial policy for a competitive U.S. in the global economy as presented in his book "Head To Head".
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 1 source, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"It is not morning in America; it is late afternoon. The United States is facing head-to-head in economic competition with the newly integrated Europe (centered on Germany) and Japan. According to Lester Thurow, America stands a good chance of coming in third in this race, unless we wake up quickly and adapt. The likely winner will be Europe. This research examines the economic theory and plan for action posited by Thurow in his work, Head to Head (1992).
The end of the Cold War left the United States as the world's only military superpower. But without a pause, the contest for world power has shifted from a military contest to an economic contest among the United States, Japan and Europe. This new economic contest is unlike rivalries of the past. Until recently, trade between nations was a win-win situation: ... "
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"Head to Head" by Lester Thurow, 1993.
A look at the portrayal of the new economic realities for the 21st century and the struggles among Japan, Europe and America for power.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 1 source, $ 55.95
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From the Paper
"Lester Thurow's Head to Head: The Coming Economic Battle Among Japan, Europe and America attempts to define the realities of the global economic aftermath of the Cold War. The economic struggle of the world in the 1990s and beyond will be shaped by the conflicts and cooperation among the three major players, and the rules of the new struggle are far different than those which prevailed up to the 1980s.
Thurow writes that "Just as the fall of the Berlin Wall in November of 1989 marked the end of the old contest between capitalism and communism, so the integration of the European Common Market, on Jan. 1, 1993, will mark the beginning of a new economic contest in a new century at the start of the third millennium. At that moment, for the first time in more than a century, the United States will become the second largest economy..."
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"Head To Head", 1993.
A critical review of this work on changing world order and economic showdown among the U.S., Germany and Japan.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 1 source, $ 39.95
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From the Paper
"Lester Thurow in his book Head to Head contributes to the many recent analyses of the international economic scene and especially of the competitiveness--or lack of competitiveness--seen in American industry when matched especially against Japan and West Germany (now simply Germany, though the capabilities of the reunited Germany have not yet been fully tested). Japan in particular has been held up by many as a country more efficient and more productive than the United States, and the image has been created of a major trade war between the U.S., Japan, and the emerging European Community. Thurow examines this "war" beginning with the idea that the U.S. is at a disadvantage and has to work to catch up to Japan and Germany in particular. Thurow does not take a pessimistic view of American chances, however, and feels that America can make the adjustments ..."
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Home Ownership for Low-Income Households, 2008.
An analysis of consumer choice and low-income housing.
2,570 words (approx. 10.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper establishes a model to elucidate how low-income heads-of-households (LIHOH) decide to purchase a home. The paper explains that after the decision is made, the model will predict the outcome for the homeowners when certain variables are changed, such as interest rates and income. The paper then establishes a hypothesis, proposes a way to prove the hypothesis using social science work done in previous studies, and then examines the outcome. Next, the paper examines what additional evidence might be collected in new quantitative studies to bolster or challenge the hypothesis. This paper also argues that the boom in housing ownership in the United States during the 1990s was largely driven by lower-cost loans, rather than changes in consumer preferences amongst lower-income heads of household. The paper points out that recent interest rate rises and changes in the job prospects of low-income earners in the US should predict a lower rate of house ownership in the future.
Outline:
Introduction
Hypothesis
Methodology
Income
Expectations of Income Continuation
Previous Home Ownership
Down Payment
Interest Rates
ARM's (Adjustable Rate Mortgages)
Reverse Mortgages
Increasing Housing Prices
Non-Financial Home-Buying Incentives
Completing the Model's Assumptions
Results Analysis
Critiques of this Model
Need for Further Study
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Heads of household in poor households--defined as up to two times the official US poverty level of $16,000 per household (2004) in the US, or $32,000 (DeNavas-Wait). The rate of home ownership has increased in this segment of the US population during the 1990's (Belsky E. S. and Duda 1-45). Although many LIHOH figures are clouded by the mix between Hispanic, Black and other lower-income classifications, the trend towards higher homeownership in the 1990's is clear. According to the Federal Reserve Survey of Consumer Finances, more than 55 percent of lower-income households held debt in 2004, up from 45% in 1989."
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Poverty: Race & Gender, 1996.
Examines relationship between race (black vs. white), gender (female-headed households) & poverty rates. History since 1960, statistics, unemployment, earnings, welfare.
4,500 words (approx. 18.0 pages), 18 sources, $ 135.95
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From the Paper
"This paper will discuss the disparity in poverty rates between blacks and whites, focusing upon the issue of female-headed households. Specifically, this paper will argue that the increase in female-headed households in the black community has not in itself contributed to increased rates of black poverty. Rather, this phenomenon is largely the result of increased poverty among young back men. The first part of the paper will examine the trends in poverty since 1959, looking at the poverty rates for the population overall and comparing the rates for blacks and whites. The second part of the paper will discuss the relationship between poverty and the increase in female-headed households, comparing the situation in the black community with that in the white community and arguing that poverty leads to more female..."
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The Household Allocation Process.
This paper discusses the economic theories of the household allocation process, which includes the power and decision-making roles within the family.
10,590 words (approx. 42.4 pages), 39 sources, MLA, $ 211.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that major changes in recent years in one of the primary institutions of society and the family have changed the theories of household economics. The author pointed out that one of the hypothesis is that women's power and status within the household are associated with their income-earning ability. The paper relates that many economists have developed bargaining models, which include the formation, function and dissolution of marriage, and family behavior by including information from evolutionary biology, anthropology, game theory, and economic research of family resource allocation and behavior.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Background of Study
Linking Household Economics with Anthropology and Biology
Hypotheses on Household Allocation Processes
Income Pooling
Family Expenditure Patterns and the Attachment Theory
Control over Income: Self-esteem, Power, and Decision-making
Interdependence of the Market and Household Economies
Economic Perspectives
Human Capital
Household and Family
Patterns of Money Management
Sociological Implications of Income Distribution
Social Perspectives
Extending Beyond Parents
Testing Economic Models
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In summary, this study shows that fathers have the capacity for responsiveness and care-giving equivalent to that of mothers, but that in most cultures the mother is traditionally the primary caregiver. This pattern is slowly changing in Westernized societies. As of now, however, the mother remains the most responsive party to the child's needs, and therefore may be more likely than the father to spend money to meet those needs. This expenditure depends greatly on her access to resources, whether through decision-making power in the household or through control over her own source of funds. Who makes decisions about expenditures within the family, then, may have a significant impact on the use of resources for meeting the immediate needs of infants and young children."
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Head Start, 2007.
This paper discusses the program for children, Head Start, and looks at whether it works.
1,194 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
Head Start is thought of today as one of the most successful experiments in public programming that has ever been created and implemented in the United States to help children. Head Start has a 30+ year tradition of helping prepare children for school and is especially focused on children in the noted socioeconomic high risk category for failure in school - those who are considered to be living in poverty or below. The program is available in most areas on a sliding scale to those who exceed the federally determined poverty line.
The writer concludes that the long-term effects of the implementation of Head Start and Early Head Start seem to give an indication of success, as the children attending programs do prove better prepared for school.
From the Paper
"Previously the fundamental issues of poverty were considered a problem among adults, that would be solved by helping those adults and their children would then be helped in turn through their parent's success. The fundamentally flexible manner in which programs were overseen and conducted during the time allowed a great deal more opportunities for change, than they do currently.
Shriver had an inherent interest in helping children, through his own and his wife's professional histories and Shriver also believed that poor children were a much more appealing cause to the general public, as they could not be accused of laziness or bad behavior and would likely not be a target for complaints with regard to the problems that the CAP program initially experienced. After a little more research, Head Start was then begun to prepare children for school through programming and structures that teach pre-reading skills and classroom expectations. Shriver structured and implemented the program after one he had visited that had been previously funded by the Kennedy Foundation."
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Montessori and Head Start, 2007.
This paper examines the Maria Montessori and Head Start teaching programs.
863 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses Maria Montessori's system of education and the American federal government's Head Start program that both stress the first few years of life as tremendously important to future achievement. The paper is of the opinion that the emphasis on the first years of life is but one of various models of early education. The paper points out that while neither Montessori nor Head Start appear to do children harm, they may not best serve children whose natures do not conform to what is said to be true of all young children.
Outline:
Introduction
Montessori Ideals
Head Start
Critical Conclusion
From the Paper
"Maria Montessori's system of education can be compared to the American federal government's Head Start program in a concept of the first few years of life as tremendously important to future achievement. The latter is geared to equalization by early intellectual development and uplift for families, now investing in pregnant mothers and children from birth to the age of 5, as compared to Montessori education's emphasis on 0 to 6. There is a shared emphasis on prepared children who proceed without academic frustration in the case of Head Start learners, or the aggressive competition of conventional education dear to Montessori education. Both models involve fairly directive teaching with Montessori education an evolved field. As in the Head Start model, there is the need to induce a positive dynamic in the pre-school child that must occur early, the child unique but rather a blank slate; dormancy the teacher makes come alive with always constructive results."
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Head Trauma and the Brain, 2002.
A detailed description of the ways that acute head trauma affects the brain.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 18 sources, MLA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a detailed description of the ways that acute head trauma affects the brain. Using the author?s personal experience with a head trauma several factors of the injury are related and explained in conjunction with the brain itself. Issues such as causes of head injuries and side effects are discussed.
From the Paper
"The treatment and care of a person with a head injury will vary depending on the severity of the injury and the complications that are encountered with it. As in the case of the author, the stitches were the most immediate need, however there were several side affects such as extreme fatigue, dizziness, and headaches. The first course of action is to assess vital signs and be sure that the person is stabilized. Watching for signs of coma, internal bleeding and other problems is also part of the initial assessment."
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Household Labor, 2005.
An analysis of relationship satisfaction as correlated to perceptions of the division of household labor.
3,005 words (approx. 12.0 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 88.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how household labor, the work that must be completed to maintain family members and the home, continues to consume a significant amount of time, especially for females. In particular, it looks at how more significant than total time is one's perception of inequity within the division of household labor. Research is conducted on heterosexual cohabiting couples residing in Pennsylvania, New York, and New Jersey. In order to investigate this matter, a survey packet that includes a demographic information survey, the Relationship Assessment Scale, the Division of Tasks Scale and questions addressing perceptions of equity in the division of household labor is utilized.
Outline
Introduction
Methods
Results
Discussion
From the Paper
"Much research has examined the division of labor within households over the course of decades. Erickson found that although many may declare housework inconsequential, if not obsolete, with the need for two incomes, research suggests that household labor continues to consume a considerable amount of time, particularly for women (1993). Housework is defined in a variety of ways, but most often as the unpaid work that must be completed in order to maintain family members and the home or residence according to Shelton & John (1996). Regardless of sex, any individual can function as a homemaker, but in the United States, this role is customarily fulfilled by women. Davies & Carrier found that the division of household labor is more a reflection of beliefs about what a male and female should do, as opposed what they could do, their actual capabilities (1999)."
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Household Hazardous Waste, 2004.
An analysis of household hazardous wastes and the steps that need to be taken to ensure the correct disposal thereof.
2,147 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper focuses on the epic topic of household hazardous waste. A thorough description of what household hazardous waste is and where it comes from is provided. Following this, a discussion of safe usage, storage, and disposal of these materials is presented. The paper examines what can happen to the environment when these waste products are not disposed of properly. Finally, the paper discusses why household hazardous waste does not receive the same scrutiny by governmental agencies as commercial and industrial hazardous waste.
From the Paper
"As mentioned, household products are considered to be hazardous if they have one or more of the following properties. If they are flammable or combustible, meaning they can be easily set on fire, they are deemed hazardous. If they are explosive or reactive, in such a manner that they can detonate or explode through exposure to heat, sudden shock, pressure, or interaction with incompatible substances, they are deemed hazardous. If the product is found to be corrosive, in that it exhibits a chemical action that can burn and destroy living tissues or other materials if it comes into contact with them, it is deemed hazardous. And, if the product is toxic, where it is capable of causing injury or even death if it is ingested, inhaled or absorbed through the skin, it is deemed hazardous ("Household Hazardous Waste Project")."
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Single-Parent Household Students, 2005.
This paper is a research project which seeks to prove the link between children from single-parent households and poor academic performance in school and to pose specific solutions to reverse this trend.
35,070 words (approx. 140.3 pages), 52 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, although the study could not determine if single-parent status is a sole cause, it does conclude that single-parent household status is linked inextricably to a low-income status and the propensity for the student to be involved in crime. The author states that data was gathered from secondary sources, such as textbook, journal, periodical and reliable internet sources, with an emphasis on establishing correlations through quantitative data and on suggesting policy and funding initiatives through qualitative data. The paper recommends that (1) teacher awareness of single-parent status is critical, (2) peer counseling helps to improve grades for students from single-parent homes, (3) administrative sensitivity to single-parent status of a school district's students is key, but confidentiality must be maintained throughout and (4) extracurricular activities help improve academic performance for students from single-parent households; therefore, funding for these activities must increase.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Literature Review
Introduction
Overarching Challenges Facing Single-Parent Students
Single-Parent Household Children's Challenges in School Districts
Teacher Awareness of Single-Parent Status of Student
Careful Student Peer Counseling is a Critical Necessary Component
School Districts Must Encourage Confidential Journal Writing Programs
Managing School District Administration's Sensitivity While Maintaining Confidentiality
The Effect of Extracurricular Activities
Trained Professional Counselors
Scholarships to Incentivize At-Risk Students to Perform Better Academically
Methodology
Approach
Data Gathering Method
Database of the Study
Validity of Data
Originality and Limitations of Data
Summary of Chapter
Data Analysis
Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations
From the Paper
"And, needless to say, the missing parents are often not at all involved in their children's lives. According to the Alabama Department of Human Resources, nationally, 40 percent of children whose fathers live outside the home simply have no contact with them. And it is not as though those fathers who do have contact with their children are generally integrally involved. Specifically, the other 60 percent had contact with their children an average of 69 days during the year.Perhaps this is because fathers often are not geographically close to their biological children -- 26 percent of absent fathers live in a different state than their children, according to the Department of Human Resources at Alabama in 2005."
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