| Papers [1-15] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 7] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 —> | Search results on "FEMALE CIRCUMCISION CONFLICT RESOLUTION": |
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Female Circumcision and Conflict Resolution, 2005.
A research proposal which addresses the issue of female circumcision and conflict resolution.
2,578 words (approx. 10.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper proposes to study the reasons behind the practice of female circumcision and the true magnitude of the problem. It also provides a review of the literature that deals with this issue. The paper explains that a study will then be conducted by the researcher in the African country of Kenya that will provide information relevant to the topic and what can be done to stop this practice from continuing to take place.
From the Paper
"The practice of female circumcision still goes on in Africa and other areas of the world. It is most prevalent in African countries such as Somalia, Ethiopia, Kenya, Sudan, and Yemen, among others (Djibouti, 2005). There are various reasons why this ritual circumcision takes place, and there are three different types of circumcisions that are performed, depending on the tribal laws and regulations that are accepted in a particular region. It is important here to discuss these types, why this practice still exists, what - if anything - is being done to stop it, and what can be done to change things so that the practice no longer takes place. The main point of conflict for this particular practice is that there is a debate regarding the individual rights of the women versus the tribal identity that they have."
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Female Circumcision, 2005.
A research proposal for looking at the ritual practice of female circumcision.
1,695 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a research proposal for examining the problem of female circumcision that still takes place in some countries. The paper looks at the conflict between the argument that female circumcision is a tribal practice that must be carried out and the argument that this is a mutilation of women's bodies that violates their individual rights. The paper also proposes to examine the reasons behind the practice, the true magnitude of the problem and a review of the literature that deals with this issue. The study attempts to shed light on the practice of female circumcision and how prevalent it actually is in many countries, as well as the dangers of it and why the practice should be stopped.
From the Paper
"The practice of female circumcision still goes on in Africa and other areas of the world. It is most prevalent in African countries such as Somalia, Ethiopia, Sudan, and Yemen, among others (Djibouti, 2005). There are various reasons why this ritual circumcision takes place, and there are three different types of circumcisions that are performed, depending on the tribal laws and regulations that are accepted in a particular region. It is important here to discuss these types, why this practice still exists, what - if anything - is being done to stop it, and what can be done to change things so that the practice no longer takes place. The main point of conflict for this particular practice is that there is a debate regarding the individual rights of the women versus the tribal identity that they have."
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Female Circumcision, 2005.
A discussion of the practice of female circumcision in African countries and how existing literature contains Western biases against the practice.
1,703 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 15 sources, APA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This report looks at existing literature portrayals of female circumcision in Africa. The findings of this report concern the ethical, moral, and medical rationalizing that prompt a bias in the existing literature against the practice of female circumcision from a number of different perspectives.
From the Paper
"When discussing the subject of female circumcision in Africa, one must also be familiar with concepts and theories regarding culture. From one point of view, often called the cultural relativism point of view, cultures are viewed as being understood by their participants, and not necessarily by those outside of the specific cultural milieu, in this case
of traditional African societies. This point of view does not presuppose universal ethics from a perspective of influence on or interaction with the culture from policy directives. These policy directives can be seen in the case of female circumcision in Africa as the intervention of organizations, often worldwide organizations, which seek to delimit the cultural process of female circumcision from a predominantly western
cultural view, which finds the process abhorrent from an ethical and rights-based perspective. The effectiveness of this cultural imposition, however, is limited to the cultural relativist."
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Female Circumcision, 1994.
Describes the practice & justification in Africa, its effect on women, international law, criticism, conflict between human rights & cultural relativism.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 11 sources, $ 71.95
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From the Paper
"Female Circumcision and International Law
This paper will discuss whether the practice if female circumcision violates human rights standards in international law. The first part of the paper will briefly describe the practice and the traditional justifications given for it continued use. The second part of the paper will examine the international rights standards which apply in these cases, especially the United Nations conventions and treaties. The third part of the paper will discuss the conflict between human rights standards and cultural traditions, explaining why universal human rights must be given more weight."
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Female Genital Mutilation, 2006.
An overview of female circumcision and the controversy surrounding it.
1,953 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how female genital mutilation, or female circumcision, is a cultural practice, not a religious practice and how in many cultures, female genital mutilation serves as an initiation rite. It looks at the different kinds of circumcisions in different cultures and contends that no ethical defense can be made for preserving a cultural practice that damages women's health and interferes with their sexuality.
From the Paper
"Infibulation, also known as pharaonic circumcision, is the most severe form of female genital mutilation. It consists of a clitoridectomy and the excision of the labia minora as well as the inner layers of the labia majora. The raw edges are then sewn together with catguts or made to adhere to each other by means of thorns. The suturing together is done so that the remaining skin of the labia majora will heal together and form a bridge of scar tissue over the vaginal opening. A small piece of wood or straw is inserted into the vagina to prevent a complete occlusion, and to leave a passage for urine and menstrual flow (Lightfoot-Klein, 1989). "
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On Cultural Relativism and Female Genital Mutilation (FGM), 2000.
A critical analysis of the interaction of Western culture's social values and the practice of female circumcision.
1,745 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 3 sources, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the theory of cultural relativism as it relates to gender and sexuality from an anthropological cross-cultural perspective. It discusses how the "Western" perspective, as the dominant culture, defines the experiences of women who have experienced FGM in certain ways, namely in terms of Western medical discourse. This definition neglects to address the subjective experience of the women and how they define themselves and their own experience, thus giving an incomplete picture of the socio-cultural framework in which FGM takes place. Included also is a discussion of the problems of applying sociological theory to the intricacy of real-world human affairs.
From the paper:
"Cultural relativism states that what is morally good and bad is collectively defined by the people in a culture, and therefore there is no objective way to judge between cultures. Thus, an act in one culture that seems barbaric to an outsider ? such as female circumcision ? cannot be thus judged, because the outsider has his own value system that is not relevant to the culture. In this paper, I will examine the theoretical and ideological underpinnings of this perspective, the problems that arise when it is applied to actual cultural diversity, and alternative ways of looking at the space between cultures. I will specifically investigate the controversial topic of female genital mutilation, and explore the problems involved in approaching the practice from outside the culture it is practiced in."
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Circumcision: Medical Necessity or Cosmetic Cruelty?, 2001.
A comparison of the circumcision of females in African and Asian cultures and the circumcision of males in the United States.
2,650 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 13 sources, $ 79.95
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Abstract
This paper tackles the controversial practice of male and female circumcision inherent in various cultures. The author details several types of circumcision for both sexes. Conclusions are drawn by the author at the end of the paper in support of the banning of all circumcision.
From the Paper
"Ritualistic circumcision has been practiced in various cultures for thousands of years. While the definite origins of the procedure are not known, the earliest records of circumcision date as far back as 4000 B.C. in ancient Egypt. Forms of circumcision are performed throughout the world through different methods and for different reasons. Males and females receive forced mutilation of some or all of their genital areas and often do not receive an explanation for the practice. Circumcisions are almost always performed without any form of anesthesia and are very painful. As with many cultural traditions, the practicing population assumes that the operation is customary worldwide and in most groups."
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Circumcision, 2006.
This paper lays to rest various controversial myths regarding the advantages and disadvantages of circumcision in both male and females.
1,088 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the available medical research regarding circumcision in new born male infants. Until recently, parents of newborn males were often faced with a decision concerning their baby that medical experts often promised would have far-reaching consequences. They were told that circumcising their baby would prevent horrible medical maladies, including infections and sexually transmitted diseases. This paper details the advances in medical research which proves that these claims are untrue. The Academy of Pediatrics has actively taken a firm stand against routine circumcision for boys. This paper explores the cultural and religious demands that coerce many parents to continue choosing this particular surgical procedure for their infant sons. This paper also touches on the issue of female circumcision and genital mutilation as well as the related complications.
From the Paper
"Ultimately, based on the medical complications and related consequences of both routine infant circumcision of boys and female genital mutilation of girls, one might wonder why either continues to exist. However, closer looks at both practices indicate that they are similar. Indeed, in the societies where the respective practices exist, problems arising from each are likely to be seen as a normal part of life and may not even be associated with circumcision. The most important reasons, however, probably lie in the social and economic conditions of the lives of those who are subjected to the practices. Still, in considering the complications, sexual hardships and increase of sexually transmitted diseases surrounding both procedures, it is easy to see that both practices are incredibly similar and must be stopped on all humans worldwide immediately."
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Female and Male Genital Mutilation, 2004.
An argument for the abolition of female genital mutilation and male circumcision.
2,339 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper puts forward the argument that female genital mutilation is no more a human rights violation than male circumcision, and therefore, both should be abolished. It discusses how, although genital mutilations are usually referred to as a cultural practice, there is increasing evidence that this innocent and benign label actually evades, dismisses, and covers up the horrific effects these mutilations have upon a child?s psyche and soma and, moreover, present a very real danger to the child?s health. It shows how people or cultures that engage in such practices view them as an essential right of passage and, often, an important requirement for a marriage partner, while those who do not practice genital circumcision view the practice with disbelief, horrified that any human would willingly permit such a thing to be performed on his or her child. It also looks at the origins of some these religious practices.
From the Paper
"According to James DeMeo in his article ?The Geography of Genital Mutilations,? the time frame and location of origins of female genital mutilations are most likely identical to that of male genital mutilations, ?given their similar distributions, similar cross-cultural aspects, and similar psychological motifs,? the use of each of which being ?mandated and widely expanded by groups where dominance of the sexual live of children by adults, and females by males, was most extreme.? With the decline of the harem system during the last 100 years, the use of eunuchs has died out, however, female infibulations and other forms female genital mutilations remain part of the certain cultures ?in accordance with the arranged marriage system and other vestiges of a powerful and hysterical virginity taboo.? "
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Female Sexuality, 2002.
Examines many of the aspects of female sexuality including female sexual identity, sexuality and aging and female sexual dysfunction.
2,950 words (approx. 11.8 pages), 25 sources, MLA, $ 87.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews several articles discussing female sexuality. It reviews articles on what female sexuality is, what is involved in the sexuality of females, what helps aide in feminine sexuality and what hinders a women's sexuality. The paper looks at some of the problems associated with women's sexuality and whether these are perceived, physical, or medical problems. Finally,it examine how women see their own sexuality.
From the Paper
"Before the advent of the ?sexual revolution? in the 1960s the subject of female sexuality was considered taboo in so called polite society. Discussion of sexuality by females was viewed as an aberration. Women were taught and told that the normal reaction of women towards sexual intercourse was that they generally did not feel any physical or emotional pleasure from it. Sex was a means to an end; by performing their wifely duty to please their mates women were subjugated to the role of baby maker. This severe repression of female sexuality and its total submission to reproductive functions determined the limits of knowledge for untold generations of women (Gomex 1995)."
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The Medusa Myth and the Female Gaze, 2002.
This paper explores the portrayal of female figures in art and myth, focusing on the Medusa myth and the castrating power of the female gaze and their effect of the female self-image.
2,240 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
The paper reviews in detail the image of Medusa that pits femininity and masculinity against each other and allowing masculinity to triumph. The paper continues by stating that the gaze of the painted female subject often is depicted with her eyes either diverted from the viewer, or coyly regarding him. The author states that myths like the Medusa myth and the female gaze instruct women that their sexuality is something to be suppressed, that a powerful woman is a dangerous woman, and that the male will triumph in the end.
From the Paper
"Though the familiar image of Medusa as a serpent-haired monster is attributed to the Greeks, the myth of Medusa actually has its roots in pre-classical Mediterranean culture. In the matriarchal societies that existed before Greek civilization, Medusa was far from reviled as she was by the Greeks; instead, she was worshipped as a beautiful mother deity who symbolized wisdom, fertility, and female power. With the advent of Greek civilization, the existing gynocentric religion and mythology were compelled to adapt to the new patriarchal value system."
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Female Genital Mutilation, 2002.
An analysis of female genital mutilation as a particular cultural practice.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
In this essay, a critical cultural feminist approach is argued for, drawing from cultural feminist analyses and legal feminist reviews of the practice of female circumcision. Issues of ideology, philosophy, universalism and cultural relativism are also explicated in this discussion of different perspectives on cultural difference.
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Female Bonding with Marriage in Greek Tragedy, 2002.
This paper takes a look at female-female bonds in the Greek tragedy and how those bonds contribute to the demise of marriage.
1,825 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 5 sources, $ 58.95
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Abstract
This paper examines wives? relationships with other women, be they mothers, daughters, or confidantes, as a destructive force in the minds of ancient Greek men.
From the Paper
"There are two main types of women that can change the course of an ancient Greek play by their effects on the tragic heroine: mother and confidante. In the Homeric Hymn to Demeter, we see the first of these types. Demeter, a mother distraught over her daughter?s abduction and rape, is only pacified by the breakup of Persephone?s marriage for four months out of the year. In this case, the cost of preserving the mother-daughter bond is the sacrifice of the daughter?s marriage for a third of every year. The maternal bond and the marriage bond seem to be incompatible; here, the two are unable to coexist spatially or temporally. It is Demeter who, by her passive-aggressive registration of disapproval, manages to become every son-in-law?s nightmare by turning his newlywed wife against him. "
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Female Identity, 1991.
This paper discusses the psychological problems hindering development of the female identity, female ego and gender differences.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 9 sources, $ 63.95
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From the Paper
"There is consensus among numerous researchers that the development of the female identity differs from that of the male counterpart in numerous respects. Further, there are a variety of positions as to the ways in which female identity occur, progress, and are enhanced . Theory of Ego Development, which addresses the individual's self-perception, perception of the social world and relationships to the affect and thoughts of others are differentiated and integrated into a series of progressive stages entailing the elements of impulse control, character development, interpersonal relationships, and cognitive preoccupations (e.g., self-concept). This theory ... "
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Female Indian Presidents, 2008.
An analysis of the many ways in which a female president can potentially symbolize, and surely encourage, female empowerment in India.
2,308 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at a number of issues in Indian society that will perplex even a female head of government. Specifically, time is devoted to looking at the foreign policy issue of immigrant Indian women abuse in America (perpetrated by spouses who are citizens or permanent residents of that country) and why a female leader could surely do no worse than her male predecessors. From there, the paper examines how social justice concerns may finally muscle their way to the forefront of Indian politics. The paper also devotes time to looking at the impetus a female leader might give to political representation initiatives aimed at providing women more seats in the national parliament after generations of marginalization.
From the Paper
"To start with, a female president can begin pushing for changes that will help address women's issues long ignored by male politicians; needless to say, these changes can also be changes in how India approaches other lands on various issues. For example, many Conditional Residency Status Immigrant Women who marry men classified as United States citizens or as permanent residents of America enjoy what is commonly known as "conditional residency" for 24 months. These women must file a joint application to get their condition lifted 90 days before the 24 month period expires. In the case of women who find themselves trapped in abusive relationships, the spouse almost invariably refuses to participate in a joint application. "
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