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Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in China, 2008.
This paper discusses the role of government policy in attracting
foreign direct investment (FDI) in China.
2,860 words (approx. 11.4 pages), 21 sources, APA, $ 84.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, with the advent of its reformist policies in the late 1970s, China opened what is potentially one of the world's large markets to foreign direct investment (FDI). The author points out that, initially, the government tried to draw that investment into areas that were familiar to emigres resulting in a spectacular influx of FDI. The paper reports that, in subsequent years, the government has attempted to redirect FDI to other areas, with much less success. The author points out that FDI is allocated through the decentralized, largely market-oriented mechanism, which supports the view that the Chinese central government has only a limited capacity to compel private groups and local governments to adhere to policies it believes are in the national interest The paper concludes that China has received a huge amount of FDI, which will have profound impacts on that country in the coming decades.
Table of Contents:
The Reform Period and Foreign Direct Investment
The Goals of Reform
China and FDI: The Initial Success
The Inability to Control Special Interests
The Lack of Social Embeddedness
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Indeed, the change was sufficiently sudden that in several instances, the ideological rationale for the change was not formulated until after markets were opened to foreign investment. The rationale for the new policy was reflected in several areas. In terms of economic development, the Chinese conceded that despite major gains, their economic condition was not improving at a rate comparable to that of other comparably situated countries. The new policies were advanced as allowing China to secure needed new sources of capital, advanced technology, advanced management skills."
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FDI in China, 2005.
Examines the effect of foreign direct investment on China's economy.
2,854 words (approx. 11.4 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 84.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that one of the major reasons for China's incredible growth since its opening in 1978, is due to the substantial influx of foreign direct investment (FDI). The gradual opening up of China to FDI, coupled with a large array of benefiting economic factors such as preferential policies, low labor costs, access to neighboring markets with similar culture/language etc., has resulted in unimagined investment and resulting growth. The paper shows that in this process FDI, has positively improved and/or contributed to total investment, technology transfer, employment, foreign exchange reserves, management know-how, competition, new industries and tax revenue.
The paper includes a chart.
Table of Contents:
I. Introduction
II. Overview of FDI Trends
Sources of FDI
Geographical Distribution
Reasons for Investment and Preference for Investment on the Coast Business Forms of FDI
Government Policies
WTO Agreement and FDI
Empirical Studies
III. FDI Challenges and China
1 Impact on Domestic Capabilities
2 Foreign Exchange
3 Employment
4 The Limits of Preferential Policies and Tax Evasion?
5 Financial Market Inefficiencies
IV. A Case Study of FDI in Dongguan, Guangdong
V. Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"In all these cases, the liberalization process was carefully developed by only allowing access to certain sectors and geographical areas. Today there are still limitations of foreign investment in which the Government deems such sectors as "strategically" important. Such sectors or projects include airport development, nuclear power plants, oil and gas, subways, communications, printing etc. In many cases foreign investment is restricted to an equity share that is less than 50% (Tseng and Zebregs, 2002)."
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China, 2003.
An in depth discussion on the effects of international investment on China.
3,450 words (approx. 13.8 pages), 26 sources, MLA, $ 119.95
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Abstract
This paper firstly discusses the impact of multinational corporations and foreign direct investment (FDI) on China since 1978 . It continues to explore the steady growth in the Chinese economy since 1978 that expanded foreign trade and raised annual income per capita. The author expands on economic reforms and the entry of MNCs into China. In conclusion, it describes the Communist government's emphasis on central planning, Deng and the modernization of the Chinese economy.
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The Stimulus FDI has Provided in Harnessing India's Economic Potential, 2002.
An in-depth analysis of the role FDI (foreign direct investment) has played within the Indian economy.
10,670 words (approx. 42.7 pages), 25 sources, APA, $ 212.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the role Foreign Direct Investment has played within the Indian economy. It traces FDI's history in India as well as the socio-economic and geo-political factors which have led to the inflow of FDI. The paper studies the success and failures within industry- specific areas such as power, telecom, IT and BPO. It also deals with India?s struggle through policies of protectionism and repudiation to large scale reforms, divestments and privatization. The research is somewhat critical of the use of FDI but looks at all aspects of FDI and its role within the Indian economy.
Table of Contents
Opening the Indian Economy and the Magnitude of FDI
Introduction
FDI and Comments on Governmental Policy Formulation for Promotion of MNE? s
Imperative of Attracting Export-oriented FDI through MNE? s
A Professional Approach to Promotion
The Socio-Economic and Geo-political Factors Leading to Liberalization- based Policies in India
Evolution of Government Policy in Conjunction with Promotion of FDI through MNE?s
Evolution of Government policy: 1948 ? 1967
The Restrictive Phase: 1968-1979
The Opening up of the 1980?s
Structural Adjustment and Globalization: 1990s
Government Policy and Trends in Foreign Investments and Collaboration
Inflows of FDI and an Analysis of Historic Comparative Advantages as Opposed to Knowledge Based Growth
FDI and Pitfalls Related to Inflow
Historic Comparative Advantages
Lost Ideologies in Globalized Paradise
Case Power Sector
Knowledge Based Growth
Case: Telecom Scandal
The IT and BPO sectors
Case Examples
Western Demand and Dupplies Curves
Comments
Indian Liberalization Targets vs. FDI policy Inflows
Foreign Investment Policy
Magnitude of FDI Inflows
Steps India Can Take to Accelerate Increases in FDI Inflows
National Promotion as Brand for Inflow of FDI
Focus on Tertiary Service Sector
Rural Cottage and Agro-based Businesses for Large-scale, Economic Production for Exports
Bureacracy Reduce
Privitzation Acceleration
Investment in Domestic Infrastructure and Projects
Conclusion and Recommendations
Limitations and Future Research
Conclusions from Investigation
Recommendations
Personal Review
From the Paper
"Various other policies have been laid out since and have been put into effect as an attempt on the part of the Indian government to firmly safeguard MNE ?s business interests and promote a competitive environment. Since 1991, India has received a number of delegations of potential foreign investors and the most recent one which is worth mentioning is Mr Bill Clinton?s delegation to India which has literally brought about huge FII (Foreign Institutional Investments) upto an estimated $4 dollars within a week. The US has also provided MNE ?s to borrow from the EXIM and World banks to further invest in India upto the tune of $750 Million. An indicator of the changed Indian environment is the fact that two giants that left the country following restrictions placed on them under FERA, IBM and Coca-Cola, have both recently come back. IBM has set up a joint venture with the TATA group of companies and Coca-Cola has taken over the local soft drink maker manufacturer, Parle."
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Chinese Economy and Foreign Investment, 2005.
An in-depth look at the impact of foreign direct investment on the development of an emerging economy, focusing on China.
20,145 words (approx. 80.6 pages), 120 sources, MLA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the impact of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows on the development of the economy of emerging markets. The focus will be on the performance of Chinese locally owned firms.
Some of the topics covered in this paper include theories of the firm, globalization and economic development theories. This paper examines many aspects of China's economy, including economic and market reform policies, labor standards, capital market integration, foreign capital participation, productivity, risks and their correlated effects. It also looks at the role they play in shaping the level of economic development and market acceptance among investors.
Abstract
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Literature Review
Battle for Market Share
Role of FDI in China's Rapid Transformation
Post-1978 FDI in China
Economic Theories and OLI Paradigm
Benefits of FDI to China's Economy
Sources and Purposes of China's FDI
Case for Globalization
Arguments Against FDI in Emerging Economies
Future of China
Methodology
Statistical Analysis
Subject Population
Data Collection
Conclusion
Results
Discussion
The Resource-Based View of the Firm
The Characteristics of the Firm in Emerging Economies
FDI Characteristics
Recommendations
References
From the Paper
"Over the past several years, China has emerged as one of the largest and fastest growing economies in the world and has become a major destination for foreign direct investment (FDI) (Bilston, 2004). Its population of 1.3 billion represents a huge market with endless potential and entry to the World Trade Organization (WTO) has guaranteed a place in the global financial world. As a result, the Chinese economy is undergoing a major transformation. By addressing many of the historical challenges of entry with deregulation, privatization and economic liberalization, China is turning challenges into opportunities for foreign investment.
As leaders see the value of globalization, China has been actively seeking to attract foreign direct investment (FDI) and technology to promote its modernization efforts and accelerate its export trade capabilities since it opened it doors to foreign countries in 1978 (Xiamen, 2000). The total amount of incoming FDI increased from almost zero in that year to a high of about $110 billion in 1993 and $320 billion in 1999. As a result, China has become the world's third largest recipient of FDI, and the largest recipient among emerging countries."
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Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and Economic Growth, 2006.
An analysis of the relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) and economic growth in the Czech Republic.
10,937 words (approx. 43.7 pages), 100 sources, APA, $ 216.95
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Abstract
Foreign direct investment (FDI) has increased rapidly over the past years, especially after the promotion of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank. The aim of this paper is to examine whether there is a positive relationship between FDI and the economic growth in the Czech Republic, with special emphasis on technology and productivity spillovers. It focuses especially on two hypotheses, in the form of a case study. The first hypothesis is that technological and productivity spillover from FDI can lead to an increase in economic growth in the Czech Republic. The second hypothesis is that the Czech government can be an extra incentive for economic growth. Formulas show different solutions to different questions in economic growth. The paper discusses the Keynes' GDP model, the purchasing power parity (PPP), as well as Solow's total factor productivity (TFP) and multi factor productivity (MFP) and Cob-Douglas elastic growth equation, that includes technology development into the equation.
Outline
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Economic Growth and FDI
Inflows to the Czech Republic
1.2 Introduction to Relevant Theoretic
And Empirical Studies
1.3 Research Aims and Objectives
1.4 Chapter Review
Chapter 2: Literature Review
2.1 FDI vs. Economic Growth
2.1.1 Technology and Productivity Spill Over
Transfers through FDI
2.1.2 Employment Creation:
2.1.3 Capital
2.1.4 Export
2.2 Other Factors vs. Economic Growth
2.2.2 Government Expenditure
2.2.3 Population Size
2.2.4 Openness
2.3 Conclusion
2.3.1 Role of the Literature in the Dissertation
Chapter 3 Methodology
3.1 Research Methodology Method:
H.1.1) There Has Been Economic
Growth in the Czech Republic.
H.1.2) Technology and Productivity
Spillovers Apply To The Czech Republic.
3.2 Conclusion
Chapter 4: Data
4.1 Data Collection
4.2 Data Analysis Keynes
GDP Equation
World Bank PPP Equation
Solow TFP Equation
Solow MFP Equation
Cob-Douglas Equation
Chapter 5: Conclusion
5.1.1 The First Objective Is To Give A
General Understanding of FDI
And Economic Growth
5.1.2 Second Is To Discuss According To A
Case Study Spillovers of FDI into the Czech Market
5.1.3 Thirdly, How the Czech Government
Can Be an Extra Incentive for Economic Growth
5.2 Boundaries and Constraints
5.3 Need for Further Research is Recognized
From the Paper
"Multinational companies (MNCs) find it profitable to invest abroad because they own specific assets, one of which is the multinational's access to better production technology. (Caves, 1996) The role of transaction costs in the development of MNCs is seen as very important by McManus. Transaction costs can arise when transferring goods and or services, which can be a lot of money that is not necessary. When a MNC invests in a foreign market it overcomes those costs. (McManus1987) The relation between income inequality in Local Domestic Companies (LDCs) and FDIs is seen as a generally positive by Tsai. (Tsai 1995)"
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Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), 2005.
This paper discusses foreign direct investment (FDI) and economic growth as evidence in developed countries.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 10 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that foreign direct investment FDI is considered a strong economic force within developed countries because, as opposed to developing countries, most developed countries do not have to cultivate interest in direct investment. The author points out that the paper focuses on how, why and to what extent the functionality of FDI within developed countries characterizes the economic behavior within the recipient economy. The paper relates that the literature demonstrates that, while FDI has a marginal positive impact on growth and a significant impact on economic security, the repercussions of FDI within developed countries tend to be by influencing political connections between nations and the subsequent emphasis on maintaining their economic obligations.
From the Paper
"Foreign direct investment (FDI) is considered a strong economic force within developed countries. As opposed to developing countries, most developed countries do not have to cultivate interest in direct investment (Forf, 2000). This creates a focus on how, why, and to what extent the functionality of FDI within developed countries characterizes the economic behavior within the recipient economy (Shatz & Venables, 2004). The literature demonstrates that while FDI has a marginal positive impact on growth and a significant impact on economic security, the repercussions of FDI within developed countries tend to be within influencing political connections between nations and the subsequent emphasis on maintaining economic obligations therein."
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FDI and Economic Growth, 2005.
This paper discusses Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) as it relates to economic growth.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 0 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
"The following discussion serves as a presentation that describes the importance of Foreign Direct Investment in today's society. The writer notes that it is anticipated that FDI is a key promoter of economic growth. However, upon examination of a complex regression analysis, the writer points out that it is expected that FDI does not provide considerable support for the advancement of a given economy.
From the Paper
"There are a number of critical issues related to Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in today's economic world, and they provide many interesting perspectives regarding the influence of this strategy in the facilitation of economic growth and development. It is important to utilize a model that is primarily concerned with the utilization of FDI in less developed nations, where there is a greater desire for advancement and potential in a variety of economic settings. In order to identify the challenges of FDI, it is necessary to identify a number of statistical models for use, including the Augmented Dicky-Fuller test and the General Method of Moments model, which offer important indicators regarding the data related to FDI within the context of economic circumstances within different countries."
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Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), 2005.
This paper discusses the role that foreign direct investment (FDI) in the economic growth of developing nations in Southeast Asia, especially Malaysia.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 5 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the importance of foreign direct investments (FDI) in developing economies cannot be overstated. The author presents Malaysia as a single case example. The paper relates that Malaysia is a nation, which has been troubled by currency and image problems but continues to compete for FDI that signify the potential for economic growth.
From the Paper
"The importance of foreign direct investments (FDI) in developing economies cannot be overstated. FDI has the incredible power to affect the national economy of a developing (and even of developed) nation either for domestic good or ill. In recent years, this has been shown to be particularly true within the context of Southeast Asia, where quite a lot of FDI has flowed since the early 1990s. In some cases, this has been a positive force for economic growth, contributing to the long-term stability of the host nation."
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Ford, FDI and Avon, 2002.
This paper is a brief discussion of three international business cases: Ford in Europe, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in China and Avon Worldwide.
1,915 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 0 sources, $ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Ford in Europe has developed an organizational model that can be adopted by other multinationals. The author feels that the FDI case demonstrates the importance of realizing there is a basic and essential difference between the way the Chinese and the Western World looks at capitalism. The paper discusses, using the 4P?s of marketing, that a major reason why Avon has been so successful is that it has been more willing to change both its product and marketing strategies to meet local tastes and cultures.
Table of Contents (each case)
Summary
Problem
Solutions
From the Paper
"The company, before entering, analyzes its own PRODUCT line and then determines how much of its current product line would be suitable in each country. The next step seems to be doing a thorough study of the cosmetics market in that country as a means of determining what PRICE point resistance can be expected in the countries. Further, price is a good guideline to determine how much markup is available in the manufacturing process to absorb these price points."
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Foreign Domestic Investment (FDI) and Transnational Corporations, 1999.
Examines relationship, patterns of the FDI in global economy in the 1990s.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 5 sources, $ 95.95
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Abstract
Examines relationship, patterns of the FDI in global economy in the 1990s, statistics, developed and emerging nations and the future.
From the Paper
"Introduction
This paper defines foreign domestic investment (FDI) and its relationship to the transnational corporation (TNC). It traces the pattern of FDI in the global economy over the past 10 years. Following is a brief historical background on FDI patterns up to 1990. An overview of FDI patterns for the last decade is presented next. Patterns specific to the developed world are then given, as are patterns specific to the emerging world. Then there is a section on the Asian financial crisis of 1997 and its impacts on FDI. The paper concludes with an outlook for FDI patterns in the future.
FDI and Transnational Corporations
Direct investment (DI) is investment by one firm in another ..."
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Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), 2005.
This paper discusses foreign direct investment in developing nations.
3,375 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 21 sources, APA, $ 119.95
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Abstract
This paper explains the way direct relationship investments are established. The author points out the effects of globalization and the emergence of new trade relationships to economics. The paper relates FDI patterns and major trends.
From the Paper
"The International Monetary Fund (IMF) defines foreign direct investment (FDI) as a category of international investment, reflecting the objective of a resident in one economy, the direct investor, obtaining a lasting interest in an enterprise resident in another economy, the direct investment enterprise. The lasting interest implies that a long-term relationship between the parties is desirable and that there will be significant degree of influence by the investor on the management of the enterprise. A direct investment relationship is established when the direct investor ..."
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Foreign Direct Investment and Government Policy, 2008.
This paper explores the nature of the control that the Chinese government has over its economy, specifically, over foreign direct investments.
3,104 words (approx. 12.4 pages), 25 sources, APA, $ 90.95
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Abstract
This paper briefly considers the "strong" versus the "weak" state-centered approaches and describes the various institutional arrangements which China instituted for allocating foreign direct investment (FDI). The paper looks at the evolution of China's regional development policy between the late 1970s and the present time. The paper then attempts to correlate the Chinese government's regional policy preferences to the allocation of FDI among the provinces. The paper concludes that the central government has only a limited capacity to compel private groups and local governments to adhere to policies it believes are in the national interest.
Outline:
The State Centered Approaches
Strong and Weak Versions
China: A Weak State-Centered Economy
China and FDI: The Initial Success
The Inability to Control Special Interests
The Lack of Social Embeddedness
The Failure of Redirection of FDI in China
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Does a modern government have the power to direct foreign capital investments, such as foreign direct investment (FDI), to particular regions which the government wishes to see developed? To ask this question is to ask if the politics of economic development in a given country is or is not "state-centered." To say that a nation can impose a state-centered approach to issues of economic development is to say that the government can assert authority over both the population it governs and also over actions that take place within its territory. In the modern world, foreign capital investment in developing countries has raised a serious challenge to the assumption that states do control what goes on within their territory."
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Foreign Direct Investment, 2007.
An analysis of foreign direct investment in the Russian oil sector.
12,638 words (approx. 50.6 pages), 30 sources, MLA, $ 242.95
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Abstract
This paper deals primarily with foreign direct investment (FDI) as it pertains to developing countries. It discusses some of the problems and benefits that may be seen from FDI, with a specific case study examination of the Russian oil sector. The paper then discusses the tie-in between British Petroleum and Tyumen Oil Company (TNK). The paper also discusses sovereign ratings and problems that surround these companies and FDI. The paper concludes with suggestions on how to minimize these problems.
Table of Contents:
chapter 1 - Introduction
Background/Overview Of The Problem
Research Question
Benefits Of The Study
Scope Of The Study
Chapter 2 - Literature Review
Industry/Organizational Background & Perspective
What Is Foreign Direct Investment?
The Two Main Forms Of FDI
Greenfield Investment
Mergers & Acquisitions
Distribution Of FDI In Many Countries
Factors Affecting FDI
The Roles Of Government Policy In FDI
Favorable Policies Toward FDI
Restricting Polices Toward FDI
Various Theories Of FDI
FDI And Multinational Corporations
Case Study - British Petroleum And TNK
Chapter 3 - Research Methodology
Research Design
Data Collection Method
Chapter 4 - Data Analysis And Presentation
Porter's Five Forces Model And The Russian Oil Sector
Chapter 5 -Conclusions And Recommendation
From the Paper
"However, even though the government problems in many areas are no longer what they were, this does not mean that the corrections will be rapid or automatic. There is a 'status quo' in many countries, and changing that is often very difficult, because people have lived with it for so long. Those that are high up in government or business are generally content, most likely, with what they have, and therefore they do not want changes to be made. For those that work in menial jobs, however, the idea of change and improvement is likely very appealing."
"These changes can be helped along by FDI, but these countries must also find ways to help themselves, because counting on FDI is not necessarily a good choice for these countries. Where the Russian oil sector is concerned, it would appear that the country could count on the FDI dollars that they are getting, but the future may change this as other companies begin to realize that they could invest in other countries more cheaply."
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Japan's Economic Development, 2006.
This paper analyzes the importance of Japan's foreign direct investment (FDI), to its economic development and growth.
2,686 words (approx. 10.7 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper defines FDI inflow as the investment one particular country or nation receives from another, while outflow is the amount of resources leaving the investing country into the source country. This well-researched paper focuses on the history of Japan's economy and the recent significant increase of FDI inflow into the country. The writer of this paper compares Japan's FDI flows to those of other countries. The ratio of inward FDI compared to nominal GDP in 2000 was only 1.1% in Japan, which compares to 27.9% in the U.S., 32.4% in the UK and 22.4% in Germany. The writer contends and explains why Japan's FDI flows are crucial for economic development and growth in other nations as well as on its own shores. This paper delves into the various programs instituted by the Japan Investment Council, which is geared towards making the public aware of the role of Japan's FDI and its overall importance to the economy.
Table of Contents:
Executive Summary (Abstract)
Background
History
Statement of Problem
Research
References Cited
From the Paper
"As of September 2004, foreign-affiliated firms employed some 1.02 million workers in Japan, JETRO research finds. This figure represents only 2.4 percent of Japan's total permanent workforce and lags well behind that of other developed countries such as the U.S. at 5.5 percent and Germany at 5.4 percent. In Japan's finance/insurance sector, however, the share of foreign-affiliated company employment accounted for 8.2 percent of the sector's total permanent workforce. Subsidiaries of foreign companies employ the most, at 598,657 workers, followed by sub-subsidiaries at 373,566, and Japanese branches of foreign-owned companies, at 51,218. By industry category, affiliates in the manufacturing industry employ the most, at 37.4 percent, followed closely by the wholesale, retail and restaurant sector, which accounts for 34.1 percent of the total figure for Japan."
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