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New FCC Regulations, 2004.
A brief discussion of the new rules and regulations implemented by the FCC.
1,501 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper explains what the new regulations of the FCC (Federal Communications Commission) are. The paper shows how the FCC has recently authorized novel mergers amid media corporations and that adversaries of the novel set of laws are expecting Congress to build no less than a temporary halt for such contracts and set of laws.
Contents
Introduction
Relationship and Authority between the FCC and Congress
Against the FCC rules
For the FCC Rules
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The novel FCC regulations intimidate Congress for the reason that they might add to the financial resources, as well as manpower that media corporations can spend in dealing with the news, counting the mischief of politicians, and they would reduce the aptitude of politicians to have an effect on news reporting. This is why the FCC sketched condemnation from such ideologically varied lawmakers as Sen. John McCain (R-Ariz.), Rep. John Dingell (D-Mich.), Sen. Trent Lott (R-Miss.), Sen. Ernest Hollings (D-S.C.), Sen. Ted Stevens (R-Alaska), and Sen. John Edwards (D-N.C.). Huge, varied media companies could more powerfully analyze members of Congress, and could in addition offer more incisive reporting of influential special interest groups."
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The Federal Communications Commission (FCC), 2005.
This paper discusses the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), its criticism and its positive role.
1,130 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
is created, directed and empowered by the Congressional statute and is answerable only to the United States Congress; its responsibility is regulating the radio spectrum for the non-governmental use of radio and television broadcasting and all forms of telecommunication such as wireless, satellite, cable and the internet. The author points out that the FCC is criticized for being both too restrictive and permissive causing several hardships to the general public and to the service providers such as delaying the licensing of new projects thereby making the use of new technologies risky. The paper relates that a positive role played by the agency is safe guarding the societal interests controlling the use of electromagnetic waves, popularly known as radio spectrum, which have emerged as one of important secondary needs of the human society along with electricity and the motorcar.
Table of Contents
The Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
Critical Analysis of the Functioning of FCC
Positive Aspects of FCC
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The commission is governed by a group of five commissioners appointed by the President of the United States and approved by the senate for a five-year term. One of the commissioners, nominated by the President officiates as the Chirman of the commission. Ten staff Offices and six operating Bureaus under the overall supervision of the office of the Managing Director, assist the commissioners in executing the responsibilities like processing of applications for licenses and other filings, analyzing complaints, conducting investigations, developing and implementing regulatory programs, and taking part in hearings based on judicial disputes arising in the use of radio spectrum."
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FCC Rule Changes, 2004.
A look at how the changes in the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) rulings will affect the broadcasting industry.
1,687 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces, discusses, and analyzes the topic of the FCC's recent rule changes regarding broadcast ownership in the United States. Specifically, it will discuss what is involved, the arguments on both sides of the issue, and the relative relationship and authority between the FCC and Congress in this dispute.
From the Paper
"The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) recently issued new rules regarding broadcast ownership in America today, and the rules have generated great controversy since they were announced. Basically, the "FCC's rules make it easier for media corporations to buy more newspapers and television stations but tighten radio ownership rules" (Ahrens). Many critics of the new rules believe that allowing huge media corporations to buy even more newspapers and television stations would not only create a monopoly on the media in many areas, it would create a large lack of independent thought in the news and media. With a few large media corporations controlling essentially all of the media in many areas, free thought and expression would be replaced with a corporate spin on all the news available in the area. Before the FCC passed the new rules, millions of Americans voiced their displeasure over the new rules by writing letters and sending petitions to Washington, however, the FCC chose to ignore the pleas of the citizens, and OK'd the new rules in spite of the growing voice against them."
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FCC Decisions, 2004.
A look at recent decisions made by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regarding media ownership.
1,201 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a detailed exploration of the recent FCC decisions concerning media and the percentage of ownership companies are allowed to have. The writer examines the issues, the decisions, and the Congressional intervention following public outcry about those decisions.
From the Paper
"One of the things that makes America great, according to many experts, is the diversity of the media. While one media source may be extremely conservative, another source may be more liberal. It is this balance of sides that has made the nation's media the solid source that it is today. Media has been depended on for many generations as a source of information. While most people are aware that the media is biased in its presentation there have always been stopgaps in place to prevent a controlling bias. One of the stop gaps that has been in place for many years was the mandate prohibiting any one media company from owning a large percentage of the television market."
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FCC and Black Media, 2002.
The influence of the FCC on the black media.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 15 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This report is on the FCC and its influence on black media.
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FCC Regulation in Telecommunications, 1997.
Telecommunications Act of 1996. Interconnectivity, regulatory pricing, local & global caps. Bill & keep policy and cost-based pricing.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 11 sources, $ 79.95
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From the Paper
"THE IMPACT OF FCC REGULATION ON THE COMMERCIAL IMPLEMENTATION OF EVOLVING TECHNOLOGIES
Introduction
This research examines the impact of government regulation in telecommunications in the United States through the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) on the commercial implementation of evolving technologies. The issues surrounding the commercial implementation of evolving interconnectivity technologies in the contemporary period provide the context of this examination.
The Interconnectivity Problem
The Telecommunications Act of 1996 enacted by the 104th Congress and signed into law by President Clinton on 8 February 1996 requires, in general, that all telecommunications carriers link (interconnect) their facilities and equipment either directly.."
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| Term Paper # 54351 |
temporarily unavailable
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Licensing Standards, 1992.
A focus on TV and Radio licensing standards including the history of the FRC and the FCC, public interest and laws and Supreme Court cases.
2,475 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 11 sources, $ 87.95
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From the Paper
"Licensing Standards for Television and Radio
Who has the right to be seen on television? Who determines what we listen to in the car radio today, or watch at home tonight? If we feel unrepresented by the broadcasts available on these media, is it possible to participate in the creation or standards of those broadcasts? These questions may have seemed academic or pretentious in the early days of radio and television, when newness made the media exciting.
They become significant concerns in the 1990's, not only because mainstream media seems overwhelmed with advertisements and mundane programming, but because public consciousness is increasingly enmeshed with media images, and the pursuit of more media input. Consumer trends show one-time luxuries--high resolution tv's, and one or more VCR units--becoming commonplace..."
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National Obscenity Standard, 2001.
Analysis of Supreme Court's 1975 landmark ruling in Miller vs. California. History of obscenity definitions. Role of Congress & FCC. Problem of a national consensus & local community standards.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 4 sources, $ 95.95
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From the Paper
"Any discussion of a national obscenity standard must begin with the question: Does one exist? The 1973 U.S. Supreme Court ruling in Miller v. California, along with subsequent clarifying decisions, declared that from then on local communities would in effect establish their own rules and standards of what was and was not obscene. What's more, the court "specifically rejected the concept of a nationwide 'contemporary community standard,' and left to the individual states" to determine the scope of the community upon which questionable material might be judged (Linz, 1994, 82). Thus, at the time many thought this might abolish for good any thought of a national standard. Not surprisingly, however, considering the unpredictability of American public life, the high court's ruling has raised surprising ..."
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Selling Spectrum Rights, 2002.
An analysis of the article "Selling Spectrum Rights," by John Macmillan, discussing the game theory behind the FCC's decision of auction-process in the sale of spectrum rights.
1,110 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
The paper reveals the problems inherent in the article such as the article being written before the auction taking place. The paper criticizes Macmillan for making profits his primary source of concern while emphasizing that the motivation behind this sale is not monetary. The paper notes a flaw in Macmillan's argument regarding efficiency being of paramount importance. The paper shows how the other goals discussed are mere covers for the desire to produce revenue.
From the Paper
"If the FCC were actually concerned about efficiency, minority ownership, preventing monopolies, and promoting the best usage of these spectrum for the sake of the people, it could have mirrored an auction such as the one in Argentina. This nation auctioned off its licenses not to the highest bidder, but to the company which could set up an efficient, goal driven system in the least amount of time."
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Television Violence, 1995.
Argument against the FCC regulation of television violence.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 4 sources, $ 23.95
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From the Paper
"Television violence is seen today as a major social problem contributing to the growing violence in our streets. Because of this, there have been calls for government intervention and for some form government censorship whereby the FCC would find a way to regulate television violence. Such a move would be unconstitutional and unproductive. It would embroil the government in an area where it does not belong. It is based on unclear research in the first place, but even if the research is accepted so that we see televised violence as dangerous, we still have other, non-governmental means of dealing with them.
One such means is the V-chip, which has been sought by parents as a way of making decisions for their children while still allowing adults to watch what they want. Such an approach ..."
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Howard Stern, 2005.
Examines the controversial career of radio presenter, Howard Stern.
1,263 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
In the world of radio talk shows, there can be no question that shock-jock personality Howard Stern is one of the most controversial show leads in history. This paper discusses the fines levied against the Howard Stern Show by the FCC and outlines the reasons for those fines. Additionally, this paper discusses Stern's long history of battle against censorship in relation to the FCC, and briefly discusses Stern's popularity among certain groups within the United States. The paper shows that while Stern is certainly controversial and disliked by many in religious, political, and women's rights communities, his strong voice acts as a symbol of free speech for many fans.
From the Paper
"Specifically, Infinity Broadcasting Corporation of Pennsylvania was fined for airing Howard Stern episodes containing explicit sexual material. While the decision was appealed, the appeal was lost. Following the initial complaint, the FCC heard complaints from Americans for Responsible Television, concerned about Stern's sexual content, and the African-American Business Administration, which was concerned over Stern's attitude towards blacks. By 1993, stations had incurred over $1.7 million in fines over Stern's radio show (Foerstel, 1997)."
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The First Amendment and Television, 2005.
This paper discusses the continuous debate about television sanctions and the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution.
1,165 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that many broadcasters argue that the First Amendment should apply to television in the same way it applies to the print media; however, because broadcasters are licensed to use a scarce public property, even the most conservative Supreme Courts consistently have ruled that, in the case of television, the First Amendment rights of the viewers, not the broadcasters, are paramount. The author points out that in the case of C.B.S. vs. Democratic National Committee (1973), 412 U.S. 94, the United States Supreme Court held that a broadcast licensee could refuse to carry a paid editorial advertisement. The paper relates that, in March 2004, Congress passed legislation that sharply increased federal fines for television and radio broadcasters, which air material the government deems indecent and ordered the FCC to look at ways to protect children from violence on television.
From the Paper
"The Federal Communications Commission (FCC), established by the Communications Act of 1934, is an independent United States government agency, directly responsible to Congress, and is charged with regulating interstate and international communications by radio, television, wire, satellite and cable. The Media Bureau department of the FCC develops, recommends and administers "the policy and licensing programs relating to electronic media, including cable television, broadcast television, and radio in the United States and its territories.""
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Monitoring the Programs Children Watch on Television, 2008.
A look at the effects that watching violence on television can have on children.
1,401 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how children are affected by watching violence on television and suggests that a study be carried out to define whether the responsibility rests with the media, Federal Communication Commission (FCC), or the parents. The paper includes results from various research studies as well as different arguments put forward claiming the educational value of television.
From the Paper
"Research points the fact that observing violence on television can be related to them becoming aggressive or violent as a child and/or as an adult. The American Medical Association, the American Academy of Pediatrics, the American Psychological Association, and the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry has made a statement that they firmly believe that children who watch violence can become violent (Arvidson 494). Some people though believe that the violence children see on television is not enough to make children realize that they are watching fantasy and not reality. The violence they see in these shows do not show the heart break of the families nor does it show the fact that people who are murdered are dead. Mike Oppenheim argues that the violence on television is not enough because it is more fantasy than the horrors that happen in real life and it fails to teach children that violence is wrong (14). While this may be true in many ways, the fact is that children watching the violence often cannot determine the difference from fantasy and reality. "Characters get shot with double-barreled shotguns and they get back up. It sets in a humorous context with a laugh track, and communicates to preschoolers that violence is funny and it's OK to do" (Hurst 8). Children are shown violence in television shows, movies and even cartoons. The fact is that almost ten percent of violence can be related to television violence (Hurst 8). Whether it is television shows, cartoons, movies, or video games, children are influenced by what they see. The question is whether the media, FCC, or parents that should be blamed."
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Controversial Television Advertising, 2005.
This paper discusses the problem of television advertising that is not appropriate for children and teenagers.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that advertisers use outrageously risque advertising to get more attention, including the additional attention it might get when it has to be pulled from broadcasting. The author points out that the F.C.C. has developed rules to protect everyone from these controversial commercials; for example, commercials that are aired during programming for children are not allowed to exceed ten minutes per hour and obscene broadcasts are prohibited at all times. The paper relates that another problem is that advertising affects negatively the way adolescents view themselves because they feel they are not as pretty or as smart as the people depicted in the advertisements; therefore, children should be taught to be confident about who they are, not only on the outside, but more importantly, what is on the inside.
From the Paper
"Given the amount of money spent on advertising, it would be reasonable to think that the advertisers would what to make an advertisement that could be aired on TV. When are the most people going to watch TV and see these ads? Yep, you guessed it, the Super Bowl. The Super Bowl has more viewers than any other television program all year long. Advertisers pay an estimated $2.4 million for a 30-second spot during the game. Millions of people saw the Janet Jackson/Justin Timberlake 'wardrobe malfunction' in the Super Bowl halftime show in 2004. That is what has changed the pace for most of TV. Because so many people complained, the FCC had to get really strict. They fined CBS $550,000 for that 'malfunction'. It offended people mainly because their children were watching."
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