| Papers [1-15] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 7] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 —> | Search results on "FAMILY ORDER 16TH CENTURY EUROPE": |
|
|
Family Order in 16th Century Europe, 2002.
Examines family order and general family laws in Geneva and France in the 16th century.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 1 source, $ 44.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
What was the state of the family in Geneva and France in the 16th century? What laws governed marriage, divorce, and family life in general at that time? In this paper, I plan to address those questions, show how the two locations treated the issues, and show how leaders at the time saw the family and its relationship to society in general.
| |
|
Women in 16th Century Europe, 2002.
An analysis of two literary works, illustrating their strong portrayal of women in late 16th century and early 17th century Europe.
820 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 0 sources, $ 29.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper discusses the literary works, "Magdalena and Balthasar" by Ozment and "Mother Courage and her Children" by Brecht. The writer describes the two leading female characters of these two books, Magdalena and Anna, and draws comparisons between their strong personalities.
From the Paper
"It is in Ozment?s and Brecht?s portrayal of the feminine side of Magdalena and Mother Courage that, prima facie, there is a marked difference. Mother Courage is portrayed as almost callous and uncaring in the manner in which she carries on her business even while she is on the verge of loosing her children or her immunity to the peasants? suffering, to the point where she will not give up her shirts to provided bandages for the wounded (Scene 5). "
| |
|
Military Change in 16th Century Europe, 2002.
Examines the changes in the 'art of war' over the course of the long 16th century, and the continuities apparent.
2,600 words (approx. 10.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 78.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
Fundamental changes over the course of the long 16th century acknowledged such as: 1) Firearms. 2) Artillery. 3) New Fortifications. 4) Larger armies and new tactics. 5) Naval warfare. Also, the continuities which the Middle Ages brought out, and the concept of an Early Modern 'Military Revolution' discussed.
From the Paper
"Central to reaching a conclusion on the issue of the nature of military change within 16th century Europe is an understanding of when generally fast-paced developmental alterations can accurately be called ?fundamental?, or in other words, profoundly serious. There can be no doubting the changes: the rise of firearms as the main armament of the foot-soldier, the brief reign of the Pikeman as the king of the battlefield before his relegation to the annals of history, the increasing use of artillery and consequent developments made in the types of fortifications seen in Europe as the ?Trace Italienne? ( literally meaning ?the fashion of Italy?) spread, the continued decrease in the importance of the heavily armoured cavalryman, the larger number of men under arms and the new strategic methods introduced, and the crucially important changes seen in the waging of war at sea. "
| |
|
19th Century Socialism in Europe, 2003.
The paper discusses 19th century socialism in Europe.
2,985 words (approx. 11.9 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 88.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
A discussion of 19th century Socialism in Europe, firstby giving a brief background on the subject then highlighting the concept of socialism in France, Germany and England. It looks at the work of early socialists, the rise of socialism, and lastly socialism in France, Germany & Russia. It concludes with a look at the current state of socialism in the world.
Background
The Early Socialists in Europe
The Early Concept of Socialism in France, Germany and England
The Rise of Socialism
Socialism in France
Socialism and Austria
Socialism and Germany
Socialism in Russia
The Failure of the System
Conclusion
Works Cited
From the Paper
"It was in the first half of the 19th Century when the working classes in the newly established industrializing countries, England and Germany undergo several forms of developments (Lemke, 1992). For instance, the old feudal limitations had been fixed peasants in place on the land as well as restricted their income further guaranteed a place for them in the world."
| |
|
The Return of Fascism in 20th Century Europe, 2008.
An analysis of the re-emergence of fascism in 20th century Europe.
1,850 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 59.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper examines the rise of neo-fascism in many parts of Europe, especially following the collapse of the former Soviet Union during the early 1990s. The paper argues that this trend was largely in response to many of the same issues that fueled its origins prior to World War II, such as the scarcity of resources, ethnocentristic views, and the use of force to achieve national goals. The paper claims that, with the unification of Europe, the last few years have witnessed an increase in ultra-right-wing political parties across Europe in response to many of these same conditions. The paper provides an assessment of the degree to which Europe witnessed a return of fascist politics in the 1980s and 1990s. It also takes a look at why anti-immigrant political parties and leaders have attracted substantial support in these recent decades, and whether they represent a new manifestation of fascism or something fundamentally different. The paper concludes that anti-immigration politicians and those willing to sacrifice democratic principles in favor of force to achieve their political goals will continue to represent a force to be reckoned with by the national leaders of the European Union.
From the Paper
"Today, fascism has raised its ugly head once again for many of the same reasons that fueled its growth in the 20th century. In this regard, this brand of fascism is more reflective of its mid-20th century roots than merely being something "undesirable." According to Ignazi (2003), "The extreme right has so far consolidated its presence all over Western Europe. The reason for this breakthrough is multifaceted: from the emergence of new unaccounted issues to the creeping crisis of representation; from the emergence of proto-charismatic figures in the extreme right, well knit with the growing personalization of politics, to the increasing political and societal alienation and the dissatisfaction for traditional features of the political system and for politics as such" (2)."
| |
|
Absolutism in 17th Century Europe, 2005.
This paper discusses the origins and history absolutism in 17th century Europe.
755 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 26.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper explains that the growth of the absolute monarchy, referred to as the Age of Absolutism, beginning during the reign of Louis XIV and ending with the French Revolution, was the origin of the modern state. The author points out that absolutism was largely motivated as a solution to the crises of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, such as the Reformation that led to a series of violent and cruel religious and civil wars, leaving thousands of innocents died. The paper relates that, during the seventeenth century, monarchs attained power and authority that were unprecedented, leading historians to use the term "absolutism" to describe these political systems; however, other historians argue that the term is misleading because neither the ambitions of the monarchs nor the results constituted political absolutism.
From the Paper
"From appearance of nation-states in Europe during the middle of the millennium until the latter half of the twentieth century is, it seemed probably that some form of absolutism would be the dominant pattern for the most powerful and successful of those states. The triumph of societies based upon limited forms of government over their absolutist rivals is one of the most surprising and significant developments of the millennium. By 1715, Paris had become one of the greatest cities in Europe, whereas a century before, it was still very much a medieval town."
| |
|
Nationalism in 19th Century Europe, 2002.
Shows how nationalism was used in creating order in 19th Century Europe.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 35.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper shall address the results of nationalism as a means of conveying social order within the European states in the nineteenth century.
| |
|
Napoleon and Independence in 19th Century Europe, 2002.
Two essays discussing Napoleon's part in the French Revolution and independence in 19th Century Europe.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 1 source, $ 35.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper is in the form of two essays. The first essay examines Napoleon Bonaparte's role in the French Revolution, and assesses whether Napoleon was a revolutionary or a defender of the old order. The author concludes that Napoleon was revolutionary in some of his domestic policies, but was very much a defender of the old order in terms of autocracy and authoritarian rule. The second essay analyzes why Germany and Italy attained independence by 1870, while the Czechs, Irish, and Poles did not.
| |
|
16th Century Ottoman Empire, 2002.
This paper looks at how serious a threat the Ottoman Empire was to Europe in the 16th century.
2,800 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 83.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper examines the nature of the threat that the Ottoman Empire posed to 16th century European states. The author finds that the reality of the menace is accepted during the reign of Suleyman the Magnificent, but the magnitude of the danger is, however, questioned.
From the Paper
"At first glance it is tempting to view the Ottoman Empire in the 16th century as posing a very serious threat indeed to Europe. From the reign of Mehmet II, the achievements of the Sultans mounted, so that in order to understand the menace of the Ottomans one must place due emphasis on the capture of Constantinople by the aforementioned Sultan in 1453. From this point the momentum driving the Ottoman state to becoming a major power seemed to generally increase, through the reigns of Bayezit II, Selim I and culminating in the reign of the ?lawgiver? Suleyman, known by the West as the ?Magnificent.? Indeed, it is clear that the threat posed was a real one, and at times serious enough to provoke a sense off panic from European peoples, especially following moments such as when the army of Suleyman laid siege to Vienna for some 3 weeks before withdrawing before the winter of 1529. There were also some impressive victories for the Ottomans: Rhodes, described by Ann Williams as ?the thorn in the Sultan?s flesh? was taken from the Knights of St. John in 1522, and Belgrade the ?gateway to central Europe? captured in the same year as the defeat and slaughter of the army of Louis II of Hungary. Barbarossa, as Lord Admiral of Suleyman?s formidable fleet ravaged the coastline of Italy and North Africa and pitched himself against Dorea, and posed a serious distraction for Charles V. However, the reality of the threat the Ottomans posed has been inordinately presented, a process which began in the interpretations made by contemporary 16th century commentators whose knowledge of the east was often incomplete. An examination of Knolles ?General History of the Turks? praises aspects of the Ottoman Empire such as its military and political organisation and unified faith whilst revealing the author?s lack of acquaintance with it in his portrayal of the Turks as a society primarily militaristic, uncultured, corrupt and unstable. Thus whilst communicating the strength of the Islamic adversary in order to encourage Christian unity in the face of danger, he is loath to credit the Ottomans to highly as a race of foreign ?others.? His prejudices and motivations therefore dictates that his source by treated with caution, and indicates to the historian the dangers of accepting 16th century interpretations of the threat posed by the Ottomans too highly."
| |
|
Christian Church Reform of the 16th Century, 2006.
A paper examining Martin Luther's contributions to Christian Church reform in the 16th century.
2,942 words (approx. 11.8 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 87.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper explains that Martin Luther's contributions to the Reformation were many, but it was his acknowledgment of the Church's greed that truly seemed to prompt him to revolution. The paper further explains that one of the most critical acts of the Christian Church Reform of the 16th century was Martin Luther's publication of his Ninety-Five Theses. The paper also examines Luther's background and explains how this background made him take sides against the Church and, instead, side with the ranks of the majority of peasants who were being forced to pay for their sins or else face eternal damnation. Finally, the paper asserts that Luther's eventual condemnation of the Church's practice of selling indulgences forged the very soul of the Reformation and prompted the spread of the revolution throughout Europe.
From the Paper
"On November 10, 1483, Martin Luther was born in Eisleben, a Saxon province of Germany, to a poor family of peasants. Luther's father was a copper miner who supported eight children working in the nearby mines of Mansfield. Luther managed to receive a decent primary and secondary education before enrolling at the University of Erfurt to study law. In 1505, Luther abruptly abandoned his master's degree and enrolled in an Augustinian monastery. Although he was reticent to explain why he had made this decision, the sudden death of a close friend (who was struck down by lightning while they were taking a walk) led him to consider the transitory nature of life. Because of this, Luther began to give himself over to more spiritual commitments."
| |
|
German and English Reformation of the 16th Century, 2006.
A description of events between Germany and England of the causes and effects of the reformation of the 16th century.
3,898 words (approx. 15.6 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 106.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper clearly interprets event and actions leading up the German and English reformations of the 16th century. It begins on the topic of Germany and its catalyst feudal systems and religious overlords, and goes on to study the works of martin Luther and his conniving methods and perseverance to proceed with his reformation through his 95-theses to eventually win the hearts of fed up peasants, merchants growing rich off the New World, greedy nobility, and challenge the authority of the Church and Pope. This paper also discusses the reformation of England started by King Henry VIII. It discusses in detail how Henry VIII invented his own hybrid religion, infused it into his own country to build national unity and to suit his own desires, and was excommunicated from the Catholic Church all while making himself the Supreme Head of the Church of England. This paper looks at societal cause and effects such as the printing press which allowed lower classes to become more educated, bible translations to common languages that allowed the lower classes to step past the clergy to speak freely with God, new merchant opportunities in the New World, and political gains of money and land.
From the Paper
"In Sixteenth-century Europe, the material world was becoming increasingly distinct and spiritual ideals more confused, as the printing press spread information and humanist studies inspired ideas of doctrinal difference. The nations were becoming even more conscious of their nationalities, and the faithful were pained about the short comings of society and of the church. From the beginning the impulse to reform the Church had mingled with political currents. The spiritual impulse was dominated by dynastic intrigue, greed, and war, and in the end national politics determined the fate of the Reformation all over Europe. What began in a mood of spiritual piety had its triumph in the rearrangement of secular power."
| |
|
Women of 16th Century Venice, 2001.
A discussion of women in society in 16th century Venice.
929 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 33.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper provides an insight into the place of women in society in 16th century Venice. It examines how women fell into one of two categories; the angel or the courtesan (upper class prostitutes) and looks at how the credentials and restraints for each role were usually determined by factors over which the women had no control and yet they defined every aspect of her life. It evaluates why a women would want to be a courtesan and describes the life of Veronica Franco, the best-known of all the Venetian courtesans.
From the Paper
"The Venetian angel was a virgin woman born into a noble family. Her birth gave her not only the respectability that came with her name but also enough wealth to provide a dowry, which guaranteed her a marriage. These women were esteemed because of their nobility but often married women were unhappy because of the extensive limitations placed on them by their husbands and society. As far as education was concerned, Venetian noble women were given a very small one, and what they did receive was at the hands of the convent and so it was ridiculously religious."
| |
|
Anti-Semitism in 19th Century Europe, 2003.
An examination of the reasons behind anti-Semitism in France and Russia in the 19th century.
4,301 words (approx. 17.2 pages), 32 sources, APA, $ 113.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper examines the history of anti-Semitism in Europe during the 19th century. The paper explores the similarities between the anti-Semitic prejudices that engulfed France and Russia in the late nineteenth century and then shows how in France, anti-Semitism was largely a right-wing Catholic movement, peppered with socialist support in the aftermath capitalistic change. The paper also provides a broad definition of anti-Semitism in general.
From the Paper
"Anti-Semitism is not an ?identical phenomenon? similar to all countries, but rather based on individual national histories. The anti-Semitic prejudices that emerged in France and Russia in the late nineteenth century were both preceded by defeat in war, economic instability, and political change; circumstances exploited by the Judeo-phobic press and literature. However, while French anti-Semitism was derived from traditional religious dogmatism, and encouraged by the potent political force of anti-Republican Catholicism, the Russian experience was based on an ideological imperialism that was promoted by the government, and common to all ?true? Russians."
| |
|
Modernization of 15th Century Europe, 2002.
Describes people, events and inventions that significantly helped modernize Europe during the 1400s.
2,254 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 69.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper connects the various topics pertaining to the modernization of Europe in the fifteenth century. It begins with the Black Death and progresses to other topics such as the printing press, the Renaissance, the power of the church, the creation of Municipal Liberties and antisemitism.
From the Paper
"Spain entered an era of prosperity that provided enough wealth to fund Columbus? desire to try sailing to the Indies from the west. 70 days later, on October 12th, 1492, Columbus reached what is now an island in the Bahamas, named San Salvador. While he didn?t really find much more than a little gold and some coconuts, his exaggerated report to the queen gave rise to future funding and interest in the Indies, thus beginning American colonization. The economic plans of Europe were completely revolutionized in the wake of the excitement over the Americas. Important trading ports now moved bit by bit away from Europe and began to include those discovered by those early expansionists. However, it was not all good news. The Spanish and other European colonizers were brutal to the Native Americans, and not too long after came in import of African slaves, which would bring about dreadful consequences in the centuries to come."
| |
|
European Social Reality in the 16th to 18th Century, 1995.
This books analyzes the portrayal of European social reality in the 16th to 18th Century, "Magdalena and Balthasar" by Steve Ozment, "The Return of Martin Guerre" by Natalie Zemon Davis and "Good Faith and Truthful Ignorance" by Alexandra Parma Cook and
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 5 sources, $ 55.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
From the Paper
"The mode of life faced by people in early European history can be discerned in writings from and about that period. The couples featured in three books--Magdalena & Balthasar by Steve Ozment, The Return of Martin Guerre by Natalie Zemon Davis, and Good Faith and Truthful Ignorance by Alexandra Parma Cook and Noble David Cook--will serve as reflections of the sixteenth through the eighteenth centuries, and the nature of the relationships between the members of each couple serve to point out the role of women in the period, the development of capitalism, the development of the modern sovereign state, and other cultural and economic issues of the Reformation and counter-Reformation periods.
The couples in these three books represent different aspects of the social scene of the time. The story of the legendary law ... "
|
|
|
