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False Assumptions about the Final Solution, 2002.
This paper examines the assumption that only monsters could have committed the mass murders of the Holocaust.
2,010 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 3 sources, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper compares two books written about the extermination of Jewish people: ?Ordinary Men,? (Christopher Browning) and ?Resisting the Holocaust? (ed. Ruby Rohrlich) and tries to show how every human has the ability to become a murderer if he/she were placed under the correct circumstances.
From the Paper
"The men who carried out the anti-Semitic operations were ?too old to be of use to the German army? (Browning 1). Instead they were drafted into the Order Police where they would carry out behind-the-scenes procedures not important enough to require trained officers of the military. Instead of selecting the men most suited for the task of executing the Jews, it is most likely that they were not fit enough to make any other contribution to the war effort. Most of them had no previous military training and many of them went back to their previous occupations after the war had ended, having completed their required service (Browning 144). "
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Critical Thinking: Assumptions Scenario Presentation, 2005.
A look at the reasons that people make certain assumptions in certain situations and a proposed solution on how to check and validate these assumptions.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 0 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper is a critical thinking essay on an assumptions scenario proposed by the instructor. The scenario details the problems that Jeffrey is having at work and his consideration to find new employment. The paper outlines some of the major assumptions that Jeffrey makes in this scenario, proposes how to validate those assumptions, discusses some other alternatives and finally discusses how to check the assumptions that are being made.
From the Paper
"In the scenario in question, Jeffrey is a 40-something manager for a business based out of Chicago. He has become increasingly frustrated with his job, however, primarily because he feels under appreciated. For a number of reasons, Jeffrey believes that his boss gives him no respect at work. As a direct result, Jeffrey has begun to shop around for other employment. He is particularly enamored with a job in California. The interviewer he talked to was especially flattering, a fact that Jeffrey feels will translate to greater regard and recognition. However, what Jeffrey fails to recognize at this point is that his conclusions are based on a number of assumptions that may or may not be true. There are five major assumptions that Jeffrey makes in this scenario that drive his decision-making process and yet which may not be entirely accurate."
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False Confessions, 2006.
This paper reviews an experiment relating to false confessions as conducted and reported by Saul M. Kassin and Katherine L. Kiechel (1996) in the article "The Social Psychology of False Confessions: Compliance, Internalization, and Confabulation".
1,040 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper examines research about coerced-internalized false confessions, which occur when innocent suspects actually believe that he or she is guilty of the crime; many of which are the result of police interrogation in which deceptive and deceitful practices may be used and accepted by the judicial system. The author points out that the article "The Social Psychology of False Confessions" tested the hypothesis that the presentation of false evidence can lead individuals who are vulnerable to confess to an act, which they did not commit, and, more important, to internalize the confession and perhaps confabulate details in memory consistent with that new belief. The paper relates that the researchers used an experimental method, which the paper describes, and concludes that this experiment was well-executed and well-reported.
From the Paper
"There were two independent variables in this experiment. First, the subject's level of vulnerability was manipulated by varying the pace of the task. Therefore, the confederate read at either a fast or slow pace. Second, the experimenters varied the use of false incrimination evidence. The confederates either "witnessed" or acknowledged the mistake or some confederates did not "witness", or see the subject touch the ALT key. The dependent variable was the confessions. Three forms of social influence were evaluated: compliance, internalization, and confabulation. To assess compliance, the experimenter handwrote a confession and asked the subject to sign it. "
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Psychological Interrogation & False Confessions: A Literature Review, 2001.
A review of literature on psychological interrogation methods, false confessions and their implications.
4,738 words (approx. 19.0 pages), 28 sources, APA, $ 121.95
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Abstract
The paper shows that while the use of psychological interrogation methods is currently permissible by the courts in Canada, Great Britain and the U.S.A., many researchers argue that psychological interrogation is, in essence, no different than blatant coercion. Confession Law has slowly evolved over time alongside the evolution of interrogation methods. The paper discusses how prior to the 18th Century, English Common Law accepted confessions without any restrictions, which allowed confessions extracted through torture to be accepted as viable representations of objective truth. Today, the bottom line on the admissibility of confessions is that they are "typically excluded if elicited by physical violence, by a threat of harm or punishment, by a promise of leniency or immunity from prosecution, or by failure to notify a suspect of his or her constitutional rights to counsel and silence" (Kassin & McNall, 1991). The paper shows that despite these seemingly stringent laws regarding the admissibility of confessions, psychological interrogation methods are adept at circumventing the law, and continue to employ methods that run the risk of eliciting false confessions. This paper reviews the literature on Psychological Interrogation methods, false confessions and the implications of both.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Psychological Interrogation Tactics
Inside the Interrogation Room
Custodial Legal Advice & The Right to Silence
Psychological Interrogation Functioning as Coercion
Police Interrogations and Confessions
Communicating Promises and Threats by Pragmatic Implication
False Confessions
Occurrence of False Confessions
Creation of False Confessions
An Empirical Study On Recall
Discourse Study
Interrogative Suggestibility & Delinquent Boys
Psychological Characteristics of False Confessors
Consequences of False Confessions
From the Paper
"Interrogation, as defined by the Merriam Webster Dictionary, is the act of "questioning; formally and systematically." Interrogations within criminal justice systems are used to gather information relevant to investigations, and more importantly, to elicit confessions from suspects. Methods of interrogation have changed drastically throughout history, but the ultimate goal of obtaining confessions has held constant. While the whips and chains of the past have now exited the western world's interrogation rooms, many scholars argue that today's suspects are still subjected to psychological tortures. Psychological Interrogation is the most recent approach used by law enforcement officials to extract information from suspects."
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CiscoWorks Wireless LAN Solution Engine (WLSE) 2.5, 2004.
This paper evaluates CiscoWorks Wireless LAN Solution Engine (WLSE) Release 2.5, a LAN solution product of Cisco Systems that utilizes wireless technology.
770 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the WLSE, CiscoWorks WLSE Release 2.5 is a wireless area network solution that, aside from the fundamental features of CiscoWorks WLSE, WLSE Release 2.5 has additional features for radio management support, which permits users to detect unauthorized or rogue access points and to deploy new access points with the help of the coverage maps the system creates. The author points out that there are several problems, e.g., valid dates entered in the advanced options for Device Discovery produce an error message. The paper relates that there are alternative products, such as HP?s ProCurve Networking Secure Access 700wl Series, which guarantee controlled data security and protections.
Table of Contents
What is CiscoWorks Wireless LAN Solution Engine (WLSE) 2.5?
Features and Benefits
Supported Devices
Limitations/Issues
Possible Alternative Products
From the Paper
"Entrasys Wireless is another possible alternative to CiscoWorks WLSE 2.5. It is an indoor and outdoor solution to stay connected in a network. Entrasys Wireless utilizes 802.11a/b/g multimode radio cards for a highly secured transmission of radio frequencies meant for an experience of being connected without cables and wires."
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Assumptions of Human Development and Learning, 2006.
A comparison of cognitive theories and a discussion of assumptions, propositions and applications of human development and learning, particularly affecting childhood educators.
1,472 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes cognitive theories, assumptions, propositions and applications of human development and learning. It looks at some of the many ways in which cognitive development can be learned. It then focuses on three assumptions about children and human nature which might be problematic for educators, specifically early childhood educators.
Table of Contents:
Major Assumptions and Propositions
Comparison of Cognitive Theories: Bruner and Vygotsky
Constructivism and the Classroom
From the Paper
"In the 80s and 90s, a form of information processing theory called connectionism was formulated to describe and predict non-linear thinking. Otherwise known as parallel distributed processing, this theory describes the mind as a large, multiple networks of associations. Each network responds to new experience by becoming either stronger or weaker, and each operating independently of and in parallel with the others (Siefert, 2002). After each experience, relevant networks adapt to better a child's future performance.Balancing a cup of juice, for example, stimulates various sensory associations within a child's hand, arm, and body. Some of these become stronger and others weaker as experience with cups of juice accumulate, but the eventual result an ability to balance a cup (Siefert, 2002). The assumptions supporting connectionism are more compatible with the realities of classroom life. It is noted that learning by children takes place because synchronized learning of separate networks that integrate."
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False Memory Effects, 2003.
An investigation and explanation of false memory and why people use it.
1,100 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper explores what false memory is and how and why we use it. It also explores the difference between semantic and phonological processing. The effects of false memory and the varying factors influencing it including thought processing and time before encoding are investigated and discussed thoroughly. The papers also compares this experiement to other similar studies. The results are consistent across all participants and support the theory of false memory effects efficiently.
From the Paper
"One hypothesis that can be looked at is: HA: False memory effects are influenced by the depth of processing at encoding. HO: False memory effects are not influenced by the depth of processing at encoding. This can be studied by looking at the empirical results and searching for a large difference between the amount of unstudied critical words and the amount of unstudied unrelated words that are ?remembered? across the field of participants. Another hypothesis that can be tested is: HA: False memory effects occur for phonological as well as semantic associates of encoding lists. HO: False memory effects occur for only phonological associates of encoding lists. From the results, it cannot be proven that these types of false memory effects absolutely exist, but can be strongly argued that they do. The larger amount of participants used the better the result that we can achieve."
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Problem Solution: Global Communications, 2006.
Uses benchmarking to find the best solution to problems presented in the case of the corporation, Global Communications.
4,500 words (approx. 18.0 pages), 19 sources, APA, $ 117.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, although it was once a thriving and innovative company, Global Communications has been unsuccessful in meeting the challenges of the current technology and marketing world. The author stresses that Global Communications must increase profitability by implementing operating cost reductions. The paper examines possible solutions as demonstrated by other companies, such as Apple, Microsoft, Levi, General Motors, Verizon Communications, FedEx and UPS. The author points out that the ultimate goal of increasing profitability by outsourcing is a multiple step process, which will take several years to complete.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Situation Analysis
Issue and Opportunity Identification
Stakeholder Perspectives/Ethical Dilemmas
Problem Statement
End-State Vision
Alternative Solutions
Analysis of Alternative Solutions
Risk Assessment and Mitigation Techniques
Optimal Solution
Implementation Plan
Evaluation of Results
Conclusion
Table: Issue and Opportunity Identification
Table: Stakeholder Perspectives
Table: Analysis of Alternative Solutions
Table: Risk Assessment and Mitigation Techniques
From the Paper
"The creation of new products and services could further assist Global Communications in reaching the end-state vision of increasing profitability. Although this goal is not immediately necessary for success, the investment into the research and development of new products and services could increase profits in the future. Outsourcing and reducing salaries and benefits will result in increased profits, which may be invested in the research and development departments."
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Solution-Focused Therapy, 2006.
Examines the use of solution-focused therapy in managed care.
2,022 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 18 sources, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
Solution-focused therapy is a radically constructivist approach to personal troubles which emphasizes how troubles and solutions are socially constructed realities. The paper explains that, central to this process is clients and therapists' use of language to create troubled and untroubled lives. That is, clients use language to portray their lives as dominated by troubles and act in ways that affirm their portrayals. The paper shows that solution-focused therapists' major responsibility, then, is to help their clients literally talk themselves out of their troubles by encouraging them to describe their lives in new ways.
From the Paper
"Ecosystemic therapists assume that the troubles that bring clients to therapy are the result of clients and others in their social systems having become "stuck." They are temporarily unable to adapt to ongoing changes in their environments. One indicator that clients are stuck is their primary focus on the troubled aspects of their lives. This focus makes it impossible for them to interpret their lives in positive ways. Thus, a major responsibility of ecosystemic therapists is to help their clients use their already developed skills at managing their lives to get "unstuck." Small changes that disrupt clients' existing trouble-focused patterns of action, thought, and/or relationships are often sufficient to achieve this goal (Miller, 1997)."
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The Final Solution, 2008.
An analysis of the ideology and implementation of the Final Solution by Adolf Hitler and his political party.
2,315 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the ideology of national socialism which Adolf Hitler developed and wrote about in "Mein Kampf." It explains how this ideology led to the implementation of the Final Solution in Germany. The paper discusses the rise of Hitler and his ideology and party and how they managed to psychologically condition the German people to support the Final Solution policies.
From the Paper
"Early in the Second World War, Hitler and the Nazis began to implement the genocidal policy of the Final Solution, which consisted of a system of extermination camps which spread like a cancer across eastern Europe, primarily in Poland, into which innocent Jewish men, women, and children were taken in the millions for execution at the hands of the Heinrich Himmler's SS."
"In spite of the denials of millions of Germans that they had known anything about the Final Solution, it was carried out with the direct or tacit support of a great majority of them. Throughout the Second World War, tens of thousands of Germans were directly involved in developing, establishing, and maintaining the lethal infrastructure of Hitler's Final Solution, and no denials of responsibility can expunge their guilt."
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Kant's "False Promise", 2002.
This paper discusses Immanuel Kant's view of a "false promise".
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 1 source, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that a false promise is always immoral. The author relates that the target of the false promise doesn't share the purpose or end of the liar's action.
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Homelessness: A Strategic Solution, 2008.
This paper looks at the problem of homelessness in Canada and discusses the issue of government policy in this regard.
1,278 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a proposal for a strategic solution to the problem of homelessness in Canadian society. This strategic solution builds upon earlier positive and normative analyses of the issue of homelessness and, as such, is informed by these analyses in certain respects. The paper asserts that homelessness in Canada is primarily the result of economic factors in the housing marketplace. As such, a strategic solution to this problem would necessarily require a social-economic approach rather than an institutional/authoritarian one as has been traditionally the case. The paper relates that an ethical analysis of this problem has shown that, from the perspective of a Kantian rights model, there exists a clear and present necessity for the Canadian state to take action in this regard; action in which the rights of the homeless necessarily takes precedence over the cost of the solution. This ethical element is to be important to a strategic solution given that the most likely solution will require state intervention in the housing markets with a significant political cost to politicians. This being said, the paper argues the thesis that the scale of the homelessness problem necessitates a revision of government planning practices in the marketplace that would be so politically costly that only an assertion of the fundamental rights of the homeless to housing would be sufficient to raise political capital to deal with the problem.
From the Paper
"Given that Toronto politicians clearly possess the authority to deal with the problem of homeless through planning but have not, a strategic solution must address the reasons for this lack of action. Some critics have argued, with reference to Toronto, that there exists a widespread view among municipal officials that Toronto planning should not support the economically marginalized who represent a financial drain on the city's resources. Other studies have noted that while affordable housing may be a politically sensitive issue, the real priority of Canadian municipalities lies in increasing their economic competitiveness and growth, even when this may be at the expense of affordable housing for their poorer citizens.
"In this analysis, we can understand the significance of the Kantian ethical argument to this strategic solution, for clearly the major obstacle to dealing with homelessness is a lack of political will. Developers are, after all, major financial contributors to municipal officials. Also, there seems to be an ideological resistance among officials, as noted by Parnaby, to employ planning tools to help marginal populations."
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Solution-Focused Group Therapy, 2004.
An assessment of the efficacy of Solution-Focused Group Therapy for victims of childhood sexual abuse.
6,670 words (approx. 26.7 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 135.95
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Abstract
This paper studies the application of Solution-Focused Group Therapy (SFGT) to a group of men and women abused sexually as children. The paper begins by discussing the components of SFGT, including its techniques. The paper then focuses on the need to establish a solution-oriented, environment and action-oriented approach for members of the group.
From the Paper
"SFGT is an integration of solution-focused therapy and group therapy. In a radical deviation from the traditional psychotherapeutic approaches, that are problem-oriented solutions..."
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Case Study: ProActiv Acne Solution, 2005.
This case discusses the pricing and promotional strategy of ProActiv acne solution.
678 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 23.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the origins of ProActiv Acne Solution. The author points out its target market. The paper considers the pricing and promotional strategy of ProActiv acne solution including the role of the product life cycle in determining these strategies.
From the Paper
" Proactiv is an acne treatment that targets adults rather than the traditional market for this type of product which is teenagers. Adult acne was considered an untapped market when the two physicians who developed ProActiv started although only a small percentage of adults were considered to have acne the two physicians saw quite a few adults in their practice. By focusing on adults who have acne, the duo was able to build a marketing program focused on improving appearance-important at any.."
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The Repressed/False Memory Debate and its Crucial Consensus, 2002.
Explores the nature of repressed memory and the ability of therapists to distinguish between true and false childhood memories.
3,650 words (approx. 14.6 pages), 9 sources, $ 133.95
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Abstract
Summary: The repressed/false memory debate is marked by sharp polarities of what Loftus terms firm believers and skeptics who "point to the reconstructive nature of memory and ask for evidence and corroboration". The debate is far from theoretical since individual's reputations and futures are at stake. While the claims and arguments on both sides of the controversy will be discussed, the purpose here is to explore the nature of memory, repression and dissociation to determine if therapists can distinguish between true and false memories of childhood trauma.
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