| Papers [1-15] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 7] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 —> | Search results on "FALL COMMUNISM EASTERN EUROPE": |
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The Fall of Communism in Eastern Europe, 2002.
Looks at the factors which contributed to the fall of the communist structure in Eastern Europe.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 6 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the fall of Communism in Eastern Europe. It identifies legitimation problems and economic problems that undermined the authority of these regimes. When this was coupled with the devolution of the Soviet Union, domestic opponents of the regime were able to assume power.
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Eastern and Western Europe: A Political Comparison, 2002.
An analysis of the differing cultures and mentalities and politics of Eastern and Western Europe.
1,502 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how Eastern and Western Europe have always been different from each other, both politically and socially. Clear distinctions have always been drawn between the two areas. It shows how from their ancient beginnings, shrouded in the mists of history to modern times, Eastern and Western Europe have followed different paths in their development. Even today, the political and social climate in these two areas is distinctly different, and it is obvious to a traveler that they are in one or the other without being told. This paper explores the divergent developments of Eastern and Western Europe and looks for the various factors that contributed to the different paths each region has taken.
From the Paper
"Eastern Europe is a region that traditionally encompasses all of the land from the Balkans to Czechoslovakia to Poland. Eastern Europe today is just beginning to recover from decades under Communist rule, and capitalism is beginning to re-emerge. There is a highly concentrated number of working class people in Easter Europe, one of the highest concentrations of any area in the world. However, despite this high concentration of working people, there is still a large amount of collectivized state property, a remnant of communism. Any strike or disruption in the workforce in Eastern Europe is automatically a political situation, because the employer is the state. There is also a high degree of pollution in Eastern Europe, caused by the rapid push toward industrialization forced on it by the communists. This pollution has lead to environmental degradation and a high number of people operating at less than optimal health in the region. Eastern Europe today is struggling; it is not thriving, but it has not yet bowed down its head in defeat."
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The Traditional Economies of Central and Eastern Europe, 2002.
A look at the advancements made by the economies of Central and Eastern Europe in the transition from communism to capitalism.
3,650 words (approx. 14.6 pages), 6 sources, $ 133.95
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Abstract
This paper will look at the advancements made by the traditional economies of Central and Eastern Europe, and the difficulties they still face. In the end, it is clear that the transition from communism to capitalism has enjoyed several successes. Using the yardstick of appearances, evidence of this can be seen in the huge advancements made by many of the countries that now very much resemble those of Western Europe. Beneath this fragile fatade, however, it is most certain that the re-learning process involved with transition still has significant obstacles ahead of it.
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An Economic Analysis Eastern Europe and Russia, 2002.
Looks at Eastern Europe's and Russia's transition from socialism to capitalism by comparing and contrasting both types of systems.
5,150 words (approx. 20.6 pages), 12 sources, $ 187.95
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Abstract
There can be no doubt that the study of the transitional states of Eastern Europe and Russia pose an interesting case for economic analysis. The challenges that face these countries can only be understood through a synthesis of capitalist and communist tenets. This involves comparisons and contrasts between both systems. This study will forge down precisely this path, evaluating the experiences of the post-communist states. With the sheer expanse and intensity of the previous Soviet system, it will be shown that, not only has the transition from plan to market been difficult for the countries of East Europe themselves, but also for economists who try to observe progress from afar.
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The Transitional Economies of Central and Eastern Europe, 2002.
Analysis of the difficulties associated with the reinorientation of the markets of Central and Eastern Europe.
3,900 words (approx. 15.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 142.95
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Abstract
The objective of this paper is to highlight some of the difficulties and implications associated with the market economy reorientation of the transitional economies of the former USSR, particularly the countries of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE).
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Ethnic Divisiveness in the New Nations of Eastern Europe, 2001.
A review of the challenges facing the new nations of Eastern Europe.
2,012 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the cultural, political, and social divisiveness that have resulted from a paucity of central governmental services in some of the new nations in Eastern Europe and provides an analysis of the causes for the violent confrontations that have taken place in the recent past.
From the Paper
"The breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991 resulted in a number of newly independent nations, whose borders were frequently based on old geopolitical lines without regard for the ethnically based demographics involved. Without a central government in place in many of these regions of Eastern Europe, basic public services have failed, economies have faltered or collapsed and wars have broken out between ethnic factions within these countries."
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The Process of Institution Building in Eastern Europe and Ukraine, 2002.
A discussion of institution establishment and how it will bring positive change in Eastern Europe.
3,312 words (approx. 13.2 pages), 26 sources, $ 94.95
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Abstract
This paper stresses the importance of institution building in Eastern Europe and the interaction between formal and informal rules as one of the possible explanators of encountered difficulties. The general situation in Ukraine is described, as well as the banking system.
From the Paper
"The collapse of the Soviet Union bloc created an institutional vacuum in the whole Eastern Europe. Institutional change was seen as a key factor in solving problems. Three crucial issues were on the agenda at the moment: what and how institutions should be chosen, and how quick this process should be, as there was no possibility at that time to identify alternative institutional arrangements and assess precisely their consequences. The transition from socialism to capitalism made institutional restructuring indispensable. After the expiration of the socialist legal framework, new stable rules were required for carrying out interactions. In the then absence of formal rules people fell back on customs and traditions.
The West perceived the end of the communist rule as a clear vote for the capitalism. But it also assumed existence of the rational utility maximizers who would easily identify new opportunities, assess their consequences and allocate scarce resources in the best possible way. In my view transitologists tended to focus on the future rather than the socialist past, but failures of institution building in Ukraine have proved these approaches to be unrealistic and inappropriate in tackling the restructuring of institutions in CEE because, given incomplete knowledge and uncertainty, the importance of transaction costs, was not paid adequate attention to. Transaction costs are costs of resources necessary for the transfer of property rights from one economic agent to another, they include costs of making exchange and maintaining institutional structure. The calculation of costs did not include the costs for convincing people that the legal system was credible and stable, the cost of new institution-building and the costs of making people understand why the institutional restructuring was necessary or what was required for it. Also, according to Bossak, the frequent changing of rules, insecure property rights and restrictions on asset trading also increased such costs."
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Andric on Eastern Europe, 2003.
A look at the factors that led to great social, economic, and political changes in Eastern Europe after 1878, by analyzing Ivo Andric's "Bridge on the Drina".
1,236 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
In this paper, an overview is provided of the primary factors that led to massive social, economic, and political changes in Eastern Europe after 1878. This paper's thesis is that Ivo Andric's "Bridge on the Drina" and his account of Visegrad after the Austrian takeover in 1878 can be used as a means for documenting the transformations that occurred, as well as the factors that influenced the emerging changes.
From the Paper
"Andric uses Visegrad as the setting of the fictional account he provides of the nonfictional and historical transformations that occurred in Europe after 1878 that led to distinct differences in Eastern and Central Europe. The stone bridge at Visegrad with its elaborate design and arches offers a means of observing the long history of troubled relations and coexistence between the Slavic Muslims and the Serbs (Orthodox Slavs) living within Visegrad. Prior to 1878, the town of Visegrad, which lies directly east of Sarajevo, the Bosnian capital, had remained largely embedded in the traditions of the Ottoman Empire and of the eastern Bosnian region influenced by Muslim tradition. Innovations occurring in the Christian/Western world had not been adopted by the Ottoman Empire and Visegrad, as with other towns within the Balkan region, continued to reflect the characteristics of regional differences in languages, customs and loyalties."
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From Communism to Capitalism in Eastern Europe, 2002.
Assesses the achievements and difficulties in the transition from communism to capitalism in Eastern Europe.
3,900 words (approx. 15.6 pages), 19 sources, $ 142.95
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Abstract
The devolution of the Soviet Union and the abandonment of command economies throughout Eastern Europe was one of the most profound developments in the last half of the twentieth century. A dozen years after the 'transition' began the results are still both tentative and mixed. This paper assesses the process with a broad, holistic perspective emphasizing both economic and non-economic factors.
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Economic Development in Eastern Europe during the period 1918-1939., 2002.
This paper explains why economic development was such a crucial question in Eastern Europe during the period 1918-1939.
2,150 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper explains why economic development was such a crucial question in Eastern Europe during the period 1918-1939. The three countries discussed are Hungary, Poland, and Romania.
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Soviet Union's Control of Eastern Europe, 2007.
This paper examines the Soviet Union's control of Eastern Europe during the years of 1945 to 1989.
2,385 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer explores several of the key factors that contributed to the era of the Soviet Union's control of Eastern Europe and discusses them. The writer points out that more than a decade ago, the Soviet Union made the decision to completely dismantle its government structure and begin rebuilding. The writer then describes how the world watched in awe as the initial steps began and for the past 10 years has watched the Soviet Union struggle as it tries to find its way in the unfamiliar world of democracy. The writer concludes that the Soviet Union realized that it could not maintain success nor could it properly care for its people if it maintained its communist regime. The writer looks at how it dismantled its structure and provided freedom to the nations that it occupied for so long and at the same time has been working toward a democratic way of life.
Outline:
Introduction
How the Soviet Union Maintained Control
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"The Soviet Union refused to allow any hope of independent political interests or parties. In addition, there was no criticism of the communist party allowed. To do so brought swift and severe punishment that could include prison or death.
Stalin also imposed his own ideals about economics. He created and designed a socialist economic model that the nations were expected to follow. All means of production and wealth were owned and controlled by the government. This meant that factories, farms, mines and any other method of making money was controlled by and owned by the government which was in turn ruled by the Soviet Union. This allowed the Soviet Union to maintain complete control over every aspect of those nations' economics."
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Industrialization Of Eastern Europe, 1995.
Examines economic, cultural, social, political, agricultural and ideological effects of development from 1870 to 1939, compared to the growth in Western Europe.
3,150 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 6 sources, $ 111.95
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From the Paper
"The period between 1870-1939 was an era of radical change for East and Central Europe. Throughout the early part of the period, this region developed in response to the Industrial Revolution, with most of the countries becoming peripheral to the core nations of Western Europe. The period of development ended with World War I. The interwar era was characterized by reconstruction, fueled by foreign capital. The redrawing of national boundaries during the early interwar period left East and Central Europe in the throes of societal conflict, a prelude to World War II.
Politically, the period between 1870 and 1918 was characterized by international stabilization. Alliances between the so-called central powers--Germany, France, and Austria-Hungary--were forged using the diplomacy of Germany's Otto von ..."
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Eastern, Central and Western Europe, 2007.
This paper reviews Ivan T. Berend's "History Derailed: Central and Eastern Europe during the Long Nineteenth Century".
1,348 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that Ivan T. Berend, in his book "History Derailed: Central and Eastern Europe during the Long Nineteenth Century", discusses the perceptible insecurity of Eastern and Central Europe as it witnessed the dramatic rise of Western Europe to global prominence. The paper then examines Berend's failure, in the book, to draw the explicit linkages that might make the unfolding of Central and Eastern European history more comprehensible to first-time students. Additionally, the paper points out the strong and lucid organization of Berend's work but concludes that, while a generally engaging and well-written text, Berend's work is certainly not without its apparent flaws. .
From the Paper
"To begin with, Berend does a capable job of outlining the instigating factors which made it incumbent upon Eastern Europe to "modernize". Not least of all, Eastern and Central Europe was compelled to re-assess its own progress and economic system in light of the startling ascendancy of the west. Most crucial of all, Berend touches upon the fact that Eastern European and Central European nations felt themselves not only backward relative to the west, but also vulnerable to any expansionist ambitions their western colleagues might contemplate. In a related vein, the elite of the aforementioned nations was troubled by the fact that it was being consigned (indeed, already was consigned) to the continental periphery (Berend, 1; for a further discussion of Western European ascendancy, please see also pages 5-8). The inclusion of such sentiments in the book may seem a small matter, but what Berend has done is remind readers of how so much of what passed for Central and European politics in the "long nineteenth century" was motivated feelings of fear and pangs of insecurity."
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Fall of Communism in Eastern Europe, 2001.
Contends 1989 was a watershed year in international relations with the end of Cold War. Offers cultural & political theories incl. Postmodernism, liberalism & realism to help understand new (post Cold War) international acts.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"International Crises
Many theorists in the field of international relations maintain that 1989 was a watershed year. In fact, they argue that 1989 stands out as "a dramatic divide in contemporary history, in some respects comparable to the French Revolution two hundred years earlier" (Simensen, 1999, p. 391). Thus, Jarle Simensen asserts that the fall of communism in Eastern Europe, the end of the Cold War, and the subsequent dissolution of the Soviet Union inaugurated a new era in international relations (Simensen, 1999, p. p. 3). The significance of the Cold War to the development of international relations cannot be overstated. In fact, Simensen notes that international relations as a subdiscipline of political science developed during the Cold War (1999, p. 395). On the other hand, the Persian Gulf War demonstrates that no .."
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Eastern and Middle Eastern Religions, 2007.
This paper discusses the Eastern and Middle Eastern religions of Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam and Sikhism
1,890 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Buddhism is a somewhat unique religion in that it does not personify the concept of god but rather the Buddha, who is a normal human having come to enlightenment and salvation through suffering; however, Hinduism is far more focused on divinity and messages from a spiritual realm beyond the understanding of humanity. The author points out that Islam, which is considered one of the three Abrahamic, monotheistic faiths, the other two being Judaism and Christianity, uses Allah (God), who is eternal, transcended and part of humanity in his compassion and mercy. The paper relates that Sikhism, which shares with Islam the paradigm of a single god, operates on the principle that all human beings are equal and should not be distinguished by parameters such as social class and royalty.
Table of Contents:
Buddhism
Hinduism
Islam
Sikhism
From the Paper
"In terms of salvation, Sikhism is close to Hinduism in its belief of the cycle of birth, life, death and rebirth. According to Sikhism, there is a progressive journey of the soul from the lowest orders of life, such as plants and animals, to the highest order of physical existence, being human. While several rebirths at this level of existence is possible, having reached human life means that the journey is close to completion. The soul reaches God at the point of physical death, where it is judged in order to determine whether more rebirth is required."
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