| Papers [1-15] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 7] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 —> | Search results on "EYEWITNESS IDENTIFICATION": |
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Eyewitness Identification, 2005.
This paper discusses the problems of eyewitness identification.
1,123 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, in general, eyewitnesses are less accurate because the eyewitness can make mistakes from the time a crime occurs, through the investigation, during lineup identification, and even on the witness stand. The author points out examples in which eyewitness identification was racially biased. The paper concludes that, although racial bias can interfere with eyewitness identification, there are circumstances in which it does not; therefore, it is important that eyewitness testimony not be stricken from the courtroom, but the procedures by which it is permissible ought to be made more stringent.
From the Paper
"Mistaken identification can help to put innocent people in prison. In a 2000 study of seventy-four wrongful conviction cases, 81 percent were due (at least in part) to mistaken identification. Mistaken identification can be caused by the factors discussed in the preceding paragraph, but it can also be caused by cross-racial identification. This problem is called "racial skew". Racial skew was the cause of the wrongful conviction of Johnny Frederick and David Keaton in Florida in 1971."
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Credibility of Eyewitness Testimony, 2008.
A discussion of the reliability of eyewitness testimonies in the conviction of criminals.
2,410 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews research into eyewitness identification credibility. It points out that, with the advent of DNA testing, many innocent people that were convicted primarily on eyewitness testimonies, have been exonerated of their crimes. The paper also adds that the courts are very suspect of expert testimonies by psychologists, and precedent is strongly in favor of limiting this type of testimony. The courts are in favor of letting the jury determine the accuracy of witnesses, not having psychologists testify as to their believability. The paper concludes that though there is research on both sides of the issue, there is clearly a need for additional research.
From the Paper
"The research conducted by Ebbensen and Konecni go directly to these most vital aspects of the criminal justice system in the paper entitled "Eyewitness Memory Research: Probative v. Prejudicial Value". The conflict between psychology and the legal system appears at an impasse. The legal system thrives on eyewitness or first hand knowledge of events, it is at its very Constitutional foundation. Psychologists have made numerous scientific inquiries into the fundamental unreliability of memory and how memories can be tainted by prior events and by subsequent events. Memories fade, but nobody is sure how fast this occurs, and if there is a practical way to measure it. The legal system depends on facts presented to juries to arrive at justice, psychologists have generated numerous studies to present the facts of human memory, yet the courts rarely allow this testimony into the courtroom. In the Libby case, the core of the case was the reliability of Libby's memory when recounting events to federal investigators. Libby was accused of lying to the federal investigators, and was prepared to offer scientific evidence of his poor memory. The judge in the case excluded the testimony, again citing the Daubert rule, not wanting a psychologist to tell the jury how to rule on the guilt or innocence of Libby (Erickson, 2007, n.p.)."
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The Radio Frequency Identification Device (RFID).
This paper discusses Radio Frequency Identification Devices (RFID), an automated identification and data collection technology consisting of tags containing chips for storing data and an antenna for transmitting data through radio waves.
3,150 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 91.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that RFID chips can be attached, often without notice, to all sorts of products, such as clothing and books, and can be use to monitor and control the supply chain in ways similar to the bar code, which the RFID is being developed to replace. The author points out that some examples of the consumer use of the RFID are in a library where the reader need only to walk in front of a shelf and can immediately see on a screen a list of all the books and their contents. For another example, parents in amusement parks can locate their children by putting a RFID on their children and then locating them on a special "kidspotter" map of the park. The paper stresses that, despite the clear advantages of RFID, there is a concern among privacy activists because RFID tags, so small that they can go undetected, can be embedded in any product or article of clothing and even under the skin of a person and then can be used to record information about their activities, tracking anyone with a tag on them.
Table of Contents
History
Beneficial Social Impact
Deleterious Social Impact or Potentially Dangerous Social Impact
Personal Privacy
Information Security
Analysis of Social Impact
Future Impact of the Technology
From the Paper
"While in the 1980's RFID was primarily used for commercial applications, the 1990s saw RFID enter the consumer market. Toll systems throughout the US and Europe became widespread and started gaining major use. Toll systems were adopted by Kansas, Oklahoma, Georgia, Maine, and New York, Massachusetts, and quite a few other states. Standardization became a big issue with all these systems, leading to the Title 21 standard and the EZ-Pass Interagency Group, both of which were formed in an effort to provide consistent toll standards in different regions of the US. Payment and access systems were developed, such as the speedpass payment system used by Mobile gas stations, various skipass systems and gated community access setups. Automobile related RFID systems also were implemented in larger scale including remote entry and ignitions systems."
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Utilizing Eyewitness Testimony in Court, 2002.
The paper discusses the use of eyewitness testimony in the American judicial system.
1,066 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
In the American legal system, eyewitness testimony is admissible in court as substantive evidence in both civil and criminal cases. In criminal cases, it is admissible to weigh toward the guilt or innocence of a defendant. The paper shows that eyewitness testimony given in court has its benefits and detriments, but all things considered, it is a valuable and necessary component of the American justice system. The paper focuses on the problems of eyewitness testimony and offers solutions. It also uses the Supreme Court case of Kumho Tire v. Patrick Carmichael to illustrate points in the paper.
From the Paper
"Specifically, the reliability of eyewitnesses and their memory should be tested by the trial judge. Psychological studies have repeatedly shown that memory is flawed and often even illusory. For this very reason, law enforcement professionals are specially trained to remember specific details of the scene of a crime as it occurs, because memory is notoriously fickle.
To test eyewitnesses? memory and reliability, trial judges should use the factors similar to those utilized for expert witnesses, such as scientific testing and error rate testing in regard to memory recollection.
This is the only reliable way of determining whether eyewitnesses? accounts should be admitted in a court of law."
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Eyewitness Recall and Familiarity Biases in Memory, 2006.
A look at familiarity biases and its implications for eyewitness recall.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
In many facets of life particularly in the justice system people are called upon to assess the likelihood of events and their complements. Probability theory assumes that belief ordering over events and their complements should mirror each other. This paper examines how, in court cases, it often doesn't happen exactly this way, particularly when people are asked to retrieve information about familiar and unfamiliar events. This is known as the familiarity bias, a common component of eyewitness recall. This paper examines familiarity bias and what it means for eyewitness recall.
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Eyewitness Testimony, 2006.
A discussion on the reliability of the eyewitness testimony.
3,504 words (approx. 14.0 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 98.95
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Abstract
This paper gives an extensive study of literature on the topic of the inaccuracy on recovered memory. It draws an alliance between this information and the reliability of the eyewitness testimony. The author highlights the caution juries should take in overestimating the validity of eyewitness accounts.
From the Paper
"Handberg notes that jurors often overestimate eyewitness identification accuracy because they are unfamiliar with the possibilities. They assume a confident witness to be accurate, an assumption research has found to be not necessarily true. They also lack information regarding the effects of stress on eyewitnesses. Handberg notes that "Many people believe that a witness subjected to great stress is reliable because the stressful experience 'burns; an impression of the event into the eyewitness's memory" but in fact, the opposite is true because the stress reduces the witness's ability to focus on the event (Handberg, 1995, p. 1013-1064)."
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Automated Bio-Terrorism Identification Equipment, 2002.
A discussion of the development of automated bio-terrorism identification equipment to detect and provide warning of the presence of biological agents in the case of biological wafare.
1,067 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
The paper examines how the Department of Defense has started work on a biological agent detection and identification program as part of efforts to develop a national early warning system for urban areas pertaining to biological warfare. It also describes the Biological Defense Homeland Security Support Program to achieve early detection and characterization of a biological-related incident in an urban area in order to reduce casualties, minimize disruption to infrastructures and support consequence management efforts. It looks at how the Postal Service has also set into motion work toward the development of bio-terrorism identification equipment due to anthrax scares and the work of biotechnology companies in the development of pulmonary drug delivery in order to combat air-borne bio-terrorist threats .
From the Paper
"Another developer of bio-terrorism identification equipment is NanoVia, LP, an innovative leader in the development of next generation high-speed microvia drilling technology. The company recently announced that it intends to further develop its patented drilling process for pulmonary drug delivery in order to combat air-borne bio-terrorist threats (prweb.com). While currently applicable for conditions such as diabetes, multiple sclerosis, fast-moving allergic reactions, seizures and cardiovascular conditions, NanoVia, LP believes that inhaled physical threats, such as Anthrax, can also be combated with this technology (prweb.com)."
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| Term Paper # 98290 |
temporarily unavailable
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Implications of Patient Identification Errors, 2006.
A discussion regarding the necessity of accurate patient history, identification and information.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 3 sources, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the issue of patient identification in hospital which seems as inoculate as the solution. Patient identification is based on the assumption that whatever information the patient or family accompanying the patient is correct and true. On the other hand, another assumption held is that hospital record-keeping is accurate and infallible. The paper further discusses how falsified information provided by patient or family to conceal his/her identity may just be as widespread as clerical errors. With the computerization of medical records, errors may be minimized and with the relative ease of cross-validating identity utilizing electronic databases (should the need arise, but otherwise a breach of patient confidentiality), falsified data can be detected. However, the factor of human clerical error is still a significant possibility. This becomes a serious matter when medical and surgical interventions come into play.
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Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), 2008.
Presents a research proposal to measure the dynamics of how radio frequency identification (RFID) implementations impact the ability of companies to compete with streamlined supply chains.
4,100 words (approx. 16.4 pages), 24 sources, APA, $ 110.95
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Abstract
This research paper focuses on how the emerging technology of radio frequency identification (RFID) can make a lasting and significant contribution to supply chain performance. Any study of supply chains also needs to include an assessment of how processes can be made more efficient as well. As a result of this requirement of the study of supply chains, an overview of the concepts of business process management (BPM) is also included. BPM makes it possible to streamline supply chains and make them more efficient. The paper includes numerous tables and figures.
Table of Contents:
Table of Tables
Table of Figures
Introduction
Literature Survey
Types of RFID Tags
Active RFID Tags
Active Backscatter Tags
Passive Backscatter Tags
Table: The Benefits of RFID Benefits for Supply Chain Partners
Table: Comparing Bar Coding and RFID Technologies
Using RFID to Track Shipments and see how Supply Chains are Performing
Figure: How the DoD is reorganizing its Supply Chain with RFID
Figure: How the DoD made their supply chain more process-based
How the DoD and Wal-Mart Measure Their Supply Chain's Performance
Table: How Market Leaders Measure Supply Chain Performance
Table: Financial Measures of Supply Chain Performance
Figure: How RFID can contribute to total shareholder value
Research Problem Definition for measuring the impact of RFID on Supply Chain Performance
Introducing the RFID Maturity Model
Hypothesis Definition
Figure 4: Proposed RFID Maturity Model
Research Design and Methodology
Supply Chain Research Anticipated Findings
Expected Conclusions
Contributions of Knowledge
Research Limitations
Summary of Proposal
From the Paper
"The DoD, Wal-Mart and many other organizations attaining high levels of supply chain performance as a result of implementing RFID share the common characteristic of measuring results early and often. In fact their entire company cultures are centered on measuring performance, as is the case with General Electric (GE). What's been happening in many of these organizations is the decision to use supply chain-based measures of performance or metrics to quantify the contribution of RFID to their organizations."
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| Term Paper # 55409 |
temporarily unavailable
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| Term Paper # 52972 |
temporarily unavailable
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Criminal Identification Procedures, 2005.
A look at how technological advances in criminal identification procedures have improved the ability of law enforcement agencies to identify offenders and capture suspects.
1,705 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the many technological advances that have become available in the last few decades and explains how they can help law enforcement agencies improve their overall ability to locate and capture suspects. The paper looks at such technologies as iris-recognition technology, electronic surveillance technology, citizen smart cards technology and facial recognition technology.
From the Paper
"The world today is filled with cameras that can film an individual wherever he goes, his cell phone signal can pinpoint his location, and even one glance can reveal his true identity (Shenk 2003). Iris-recognition technology, soon to be common in places such as airports, offices, and banks, will simply scan an individual's eyes to reveal his idenity (Shenk 2003). Many feel that in this post-9/11 landscape, there is a serious need for these high-tech tools to help detect money laundering, encrypted e-mails, bio-weapons, and suitcase nukes (Shenk 2003)."
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Voter Group Identification, 1997.
Theoretical & empirical exploration of three ways that identification with group (religious, economic, political) increases an individual's likelihood of voting.
3,150 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 12 sources, $ 111.95
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From the Paper
" THE ROLE OF GROUP IDENTIFICATION ON A VOTER'S DECISION TO
CAST A BALLOT
Introduction
This paper develops and defends the notion that group identification increases the likelihood that an individual will decide to vote (as opposed to deciding not to vote) in any given election. The notion is developed and defended on both theoretical and empirical grounds.
The paper itself can be divided into three sections. The first section offers a brief delineation of the Rational Choice and Collective Action models of political/voting behavior, justifying their use in the development of the group identification/decision-to-vote relationship on the grounds that they have been frequently used as explanative frameworks for.."
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Problem Identification and Data Collection Methods and Tools, 2005.
Examines these methods and tools to see how problems can be solved.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at five effective Problem Identification Methods and three Data Collection Tools that can be used by consultants in an effective manner to identify, isolate, and solve problems faced by organizations. The Problem Identification Methods are: Root Cause Analysis, brainstorming, Fishbone diagrams, flow charts, and post-its. The Data Collection Tools are: self-administered surveys, personal interviews, and focus groups.
From the Paper
"When consulting for a firm who is looking to improve or control the quality of their performance or to find and solve hindering problems, the consultant has a vital and varied bag of tricks from which to choose. Some of the methods and tools with which the consultant's client's problems may be realized and remedied include Problem Identification Methods and Data Collection Tools. This paper will identify some valuable Problem Identification Methods and Data Collection Tools and compare and contrast their use and value. The first Problem Identification Method that we will discuss is that of Root Cause Analysis. This is the most detailed and intricate of the methods at which we will be looking. If problem identification is necessary, it is a given that there is a problem in the system."
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