| Papers [1-15] of 84 :: [Page 1 of 6] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 —> | Search results on "EXTRACORPOREAL MEMBRANE OXYGENATION": |
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Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation, 1995.
Examines the means, effectiveness and problems of artificial blood gas exchange for respiratory or cardiac patients.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 6 sources, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) involves artificial blood gas exchange. It is primarily administered to patients suffering from severe respiratory or cardiac failure. These cardiopulmonary bypass techniques may be used both during surgery and outside the operating room. Although the introduction of neonatal ECMO once spawned considerable controversy, the methods have become well established. In fact, with portable equipment and percutaneous techniques, ECMO can even be administered during emergency resuscitation subsequent to cardiac arrest. In the future, it is very probably that ECMO will become a regular component of critical care.
The development of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation can be traced back to the early heart-lung machines. During the ..."
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Membrane and Membrane Transport, 2001.
Lab report on membranes and how solutions pass through them.
1,395 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 46.95
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Abstract
Lab report on membranes, what they are, how they are composed and how solutions pass through them. The author discusses the methods used, the results and conclusions.
From the Paper
"In this lab, our purpose was to find out what can pass through a selectively permeable membrane, called diffusion, in a model cell. Part of this question was to find out what happened when things, such as water, did pass through the membrane. Later, we found out what happens when things pass through membranes, such as those of red blood cells. Our question was whether or not the substances in the tubes were clear enough to read through. To find the answers to these questions, we used the Laboratory Manual, a Handout, the skj journal, and science magazine. We used these sources to help us do the lab, and to guarantee we got the right answers to our questions from doing the lab. In our first experiment, our hypothesis was that there would be no change in the size of the model cell because the solutions are isotonic. Alternately, our hypothesis was that the cell would change sizes due to the difference in concentration of the solutions. In the second experiment, we hypothesized that only one or two of the tubes would become clear enough for us read through. Our alternate hypothesis for this experiment was that all of the tubes would become clear enough to read through. From our results, we can conclude that our alternate hypothesis was mostly correct for part A; our original hypothesis was supported by the data in the second part of the lab."
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Iontophoresis of LiHCl through a Cellophane Membrane, 2005.
This paper discusses passive and iontophoretic drug delivery of LiHCl through a cellophane membrane.
3,150 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 111.95
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Abstract
This paper offers a discussion section for dissertation on the iontophoresis of LiHCl through a cellophane membrane. In this article, the writer offers an analysis of experiment results. The paper includes a critique of the experiment performed. The writer also discusses possible future directions for study.
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Oxygenation And Ventilation, 2004.
A case study of a man suffering from emphysema.
1,356 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper first looks at the case of a man with emphysema and what treatment he should receive. It then lists some symptoms of partial airway obstruction. The third part of the paper compares and contrasts Tb and pneumonia.
From the Paper
"This patient is in respiratory acidosis because of his emphysema. The patient needs oxygen therapy to counteract his low pO level and IV bicarbonate to restore the buffering capacity of the blood and raise the blood pH. The patient should be placed on a sound nutritious diet with vitamin supplements, particularly vitamin A and antioxidants Pulmozyme may be prescribed to help break up the mucus in the lungs. If possible he should get regular exercise. The patient should be assessed to see if he is..."
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Oxygen Cascade and Disease, 2008.
This paper describes the lungs and how it functions, especially oxygen cascade, and its relationship to disease.
3,380 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 96.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the main organ responsible for gas exchange, the lungs, are efficient not only in their anatomic and histological structure but also are physiologically efficient to provide oxygen to tissues and cells such that oxygen extraction can be increased in altered, demanding physiologic states within the bounds of physical laws. The author points out that the oxygen cascade, essentially described as the "diminishing returns" phenomenon, represents a natural barrier to the limits of mammalian and human cellular respiration. The paper concludes that, from uptake of oxygen, to transport of oxygen to the periphery to its delivery to tissues at the cellular level, at the different steps, oxygen tension decreases pathologies at the tissue level, which are heavily dependent on perfusion and are the most vulnerable to hypoxia.
Table of Contents:
Lung Anatomy and Physiology
Oxygen Cascade
Uptake in the Lungs
Carrying Capacity of Blood
Global Delivery from Lungs to Tissue
Regional Distribution of Oxygen Delivery
Diffusion from Capillary to Cell
Cellular Use of Oxygen
Lung Pathophysiology
Oxygen Cascade Pathophysiology and Relevant Disease States
Uptake in the Lungs
Carrying Capacity of Blood
Global Delivery from Lungs to Tissue
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Delivery of oxygen to the tissues is heavily dependent on the heart and the vascular system associated with it. This branching, closed-circuit system perfuses all organ systems. In normal individuals, global delivery of oxygen (Do2) is often more than adequate to ensure that all tissues receive enough oxygen to meet their aerobic respiratory needs (Vo2). Do2 is the product of cardiac output (Qt) and oxygen content of blood (Cao2). Cao2 is similarly the product of oxygen saturation (Sao2), hemoglobin content (Hgb), and a constant K (the coefficient for hemoglobin-oxygen binding capacity)."
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Hemoglobin, Oxygen Transport and Nitric Oxide, 2001.
This paper presents electron paramagnetic resonance and oxygen binding studies of -nitrosyl hemoglobin - a novel oxygen carrier having NO (Nitric Oxide) assisted allosteric functions.
1,345 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper shows that Nitric Oxide (NO) is a very popular compound to investigate in the scientific community today. It is physiologically ubiquitous as a potent vasodilator, neurotransmitter, and immuno-active agent at low concentrations and it is produced and recycled in the respiratory tract to regulate the airway. This paper discusses in detail the mechanism behind oxygen binding and release by hemoglobin as it relates NO bound to the Hemoglobin. The oxygen affinity dynamics of native Hemoglobin and nitrosylated Hb are compared. The research also reveals that although NO has a much higher affinity than oxygen or carbon monoxide for Hemoglobin, NO behaves differently than these other ligands and is not as toxic to normal Hb oxygen binding as previously assumed.
From the Paper
"Small, unicellular aerobic organisms can obtain oxygen required for metabolism by simple diffusion from the environment. Most multicellular organisms have too great a surface area and many cells not in contact with the environment. They require circulatory systems that transport oxygen from gas-exchange organs to other tissues. In vertebrates, oxygen is bound to molecules of Hemoglobin (Hb) or transport in Red Blood Cells. Mammalian Hemoglobin is a tetramer, consisting of four polypeptide chains; two a and two b. Six ligands are coordinated to the ferrous iron, with the ligands in octahedral geometry around the metal cation (figure 1). In aqueous solution, free heme does not does not reversibly bind oxygen. Instead the Fe(II) is rapidly oxidized to Fe(III) when it gives up an electron to oxygen. The quaternary structure of hemoglobin prevents formal transfer of an electron and allows it to reversibly bind O2. Positively charged amino acid residues stabilize to negatively charged diatomic oxygen without an ionic bond. Hemoglobin unbound to oxygen is called deoxyhemoglobin and has a low affinity for oxygen. Once one oxygen molecule binds to the Fe, the proximal Histadine (figure 1) moves closer to the porphyrin ring because the Fe is now bound to six ligands instead of five. This disrupts the stabilizing ions that interact with Hb. The remaining Heme groups have an increased affinity for Oxygen. In addition to this positive cooperatively of binding, allosteric interactions regulate the binding and release of oxygen by Hb (Horton, 1996)."
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Reactive Oxygen Species and Free Radicals in Aging, 2008.
An analysis of the role of reactive oxygen species (or ROS), which includes oxygen free radicals (or OFRs), in the aging process.
2,142 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the aging process in humans. It describes the effect of aging on the organs of the body and discusses the role of reactive oxygen species (or ROS), which includes oxygen free radicals (or OFRs) in this process. The paper also discusses chronic fatigue and its effects and then briefly discusses the link between fatigue and aging.
From the Paper
"Fatigue and aging seem linked. A decrease in energy production with aging is associated at least partly with mitochondrial lipid peroxidation by ROS and the body's failure to replace or repair the injured molecules. Damage to the membranes and the consequent dysfunction of mitochondria by ROS can also lead to certain changes, such as mutations and deletions in the mitochondrial DNA or mtDNA. The mitochondrial theory of aging suggests that degenerative disease is explained partly by accumulated mtDNA mutations and deletions and oxidative injury to mitochondrial members through time. These findings connected chronic diseases to the degree of mitochondrial membrane lipid peroxidation and mtDNA injury. This is why experts link or relate the damage of mtDNA and mitochondrial membrane age-related degenerative diseases. These diseases lead to important cell changes, which determine its survival and say a lot about the disturbing phenomenon known as aging (Nicolson)."
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Bio-membranes, 2004.
Details the basic structure unit of bio-membranes.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper details the structure of the lipid bi-layer, fluid-mosaic model of the bio membrane. The paper discusses the terms hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic, and gives examples of their workings. The paper also explains what is meant by the osmosis, diffusion, exocytosis, endocytosis and active and passive transport.
From the Paper
"The basic structural unit of virtually all bio-membranes is the phospholipid bi-layer. It is a sheet-like structure with two layers of phospholipid molecules with their polar heads facing the surrounding water and their fatty acyl chains forming a continuous hydrophobic interior. Each of the two phospholipid layers in the bi-layer is called a leaflet. The hydrophobic interaction between the fatty acyl chains of glycolipid and phospholipid molecules is the driving force keeping the leaflets..."
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Maximum Oxygen Uptake and Endurance.
This paper discusses maximum oxygen uptake, the best way to find out how aerobically fit a person is, and athletic endurance.
2,240 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the act of actually measuring how effectively the VO.sub.2 absorbs into the blood and then into the muscles is not always an easy task. The author points out that, although exercise testing is considered a safe procedure, there are reports of acute myocardial infarctions and deaths while testing maximum oxygen uptake. The paper relates one reason that athletes are able to reach the level of world-class performances is because exercise and sports scientists use good training strategies to get the most out of performance by getting the most oxygen to the muscles.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Terms
The Bassett/Howley Piece: The Impact of A.V. Hill's Research and Theories
Santo & Golding's Modified YMCA 3-Minute Step Test
Tests of Cycling Performance
The American Heart Association (AHA)
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Blow Flow and Oxygen-carrying capacity relates to when athletes cheat and use "blood doping" to increase their performance. On 74, BH note that blood-doping is the practice "of artificially increasing a person's volume of total red blood cells through removal, storage, and subsequent reinfusion." So, the reinfusion of 900-1,350 milliliters of blood elevates oxygen carrying capacity, and puts more power into the muscle because more oxygen than normal is racing there to help the athlete ride his bike up over that mountain ahead."
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Oxygen, Radon, and Lead, 2002.
An examination of the elements oxygen, radon, and lead.
2,972 words (approx. 11.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 87.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a scholarly examination of the elements oxygen, radon, and lead, including who discovered them and when, how they are isolated from the environment, and some of their commercial applications. An analysis of what the impact of the loss of these elements on life and society is also provided.
From the Paper
"Dmitri Mendeleyev's discovery of the Periodic System can be traced to when he first began his scientific work in 1855. At this time, the central axiomatic assumption of chemistry was the notion of a chemical ?element.? Tennebaum says that this notion was associated with the idea that researchers cannot differentiate or divide substance down indefinitely, without encountering some kind of a limit, boundary or, ?singularity? (Tennenbaum, 1994, p. 3). In the specific practice of chemistry up to the time of Mendeleyev, the exploration of this area took the form mainly of what are called chemical separation methods as distillation, precipitation, electrolysis, centrifugation, and so forth (Tennenbaum, 1994, p. 4). It was through this type of exploration that chemists that chemists had discovered about 64 elements at the time of Mendeleyev?s initial research. The French chemist Antoine Lavoisier, on the other hand, adopted the view that these chemical elements are ?singularities? (moments of change, in a search not for ultimate building blocks, but for what he called the ?principles'' of matter."
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Harrow Oxygen Bar - A Strategic Analysis, 2006.
This paper analyzes a start-up enterprise called the Harrow Oxygen Bar.
3,600 words (approx. 14.4 pages), 6 sources, $ 142.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how in a start-up enterprise where the intended organization does not have a body of operational experience to rely upon or a seasoned management team that has established a unique culture in the new organization, the skills and abilities of the proposed management team are doubly critical. Management itself relies on a robust body of knowledge in how to conduct enterprise in a competitive market beyond the mundane in a fashion that characterizes an organization's leadership as strategic.
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Hyperbaric Oxygen Medicine, 1995.
Describes its use, process, effectiveness and problems of oxygen treatment on patients with burns and decompression sickness.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 6 sources, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"Hyperbaric Medicine
Hyperbaric medicine has been often misunderstood. It is sometimes considered a parascientific treatment. Such views may result from the diversity of uses to which oxygen has been applied. Hyperbaric medicine generally involves all of the physiological phenomena associated with barometric pressures higher than those found at sea level. At such pressures, high doses of oxygen can be delivered to body tissues. Hyperbaric oxygen's use as a therapeutic modality for decompression sickness, carbon monoxide poisoning, and burns has been well established. In addition, the treatments may also be applied to infections, ischemic tissue, and problem wounds.
One definition of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO) is as follows: "a mode of medical treatment in which the patient is ..."
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Basic Oxygen Steelmaking, 1994.
Development & process, materials, benefits, technology and problems.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 8 sources, $ 79.95
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From the Paper
" Basic Oxygen Steelmaking
Abstract
Steel is a heterogenous material which consists primarily of iron. The steelmaking process involves removing carbon and other impurities from pig iron and scrap. During the nineteenth century, Henry Bessemer noted that this could be achieved by blowing air through the molten metal. It wasn't until the mid-twentieth century though, that metallurgists began using oxygen instead of air. Top-blown basic oxygen converters eventually gave way to combination top- and bottom-blown furnaces. The introduction of this technology created concern about the effects of oxygen on finished steel products. Various studies have clearly demonstrated how oxide inclusions can adversely alter the physical properties of metal. Fortunately, basic oxygen.."
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Lysosomes, 2003.
Examines the importance of these membrane-bound bags of hydrolytic enzymes to cellular activity.
981 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
The lysosome is very important in the process of intracellular digestion and is therefore found in every single eukaryotic cell. hey play an important part in cell function and vitality. This paper is divided into five parts: An introduction to the lysosome, background information, lysosome pathway and integration into other cellular processes and, finally, specific lysosomal functions and malfunctions the lysosome can incur.
From the Paper
"Lysosomes play major roles in endocytosis, phagocytosis, and autophagy. The enzymes used to digest the biological polymers are acid hydrolases that are only functional at an acidic pH, rendering the lysosome?s enzymes nonfunctional if released into the neutral cytoplasm. Endocytosis is the process in which a cell takes up material from outside the cell membrane. This process not only depends on lysosomes to digest the material but also forms the lysosomes. Transport vesicles fuse with endosomes containing the material taken up by endocytosis to form lysosomes. The acid hydrolases breakdown the polymers, ridding the cell of harmful intruders. Phagocytosis involves taking up large particles such as bacteria or aged cells rather than extracellular material. Phagosomes take up the large particles and then fuse with lysosomes, resulting in the digestion of the contents."
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Hepatocytes, 1994.
An analysis of the liver cells maintaining biologic homeostasis including function, description, structure, cleansing of blood, composition, plasma membrane and secretion.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 9 sources, $ 55.95
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From the Paper
"Hepatocytes
The hepatocytes are cells which comprise the liver parenchyma. They are its primary functional units. Each individual cell has the capacity for all functions. As a group, the hepatocytes perform a vast array of physiological tasks, all of which are necessary for the maintenance of biologic homeostasis.
In the normal adult liver, it has been estimated that there are about 250 billion hepatocytes (1:xxix). Indeed, the liver is the largest visceral organ in mammals; in man, its weight is approximately 1.5 kilograms (8:8).
The development of the liver parenchyma starts from entodermal cells. These embryonic precursors grow into the mesenchyma of the septum transversum (8:8). The organ itself generally performs two..."
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