| Papers [1-15] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 7] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 —> | Search results on "EXPECTING CHILDREN": |
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Expecting More of Children, 2006.
A paper about the effects of low expectations of parents and educators on children's growth.
940 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at today's trend of low expectations from children and cites many examples of parents and educators coddling children. The paper discusses the damage done to children who are not pushed to meet reasonable goals. The author suggests some ways in which parents and educators can help children learn more and better and raise their achievement levels.
From the Paper
"In her article "Students Can Do More: U.S. Adults Shield Kids from Tasks that Teach," Dorothy Rich suggests that, in general, teachers, parents and society as a whole expect far too little, in terms of skills, aptitudes, independence levels, and performance, from today's school-aged children. Skills and abilities that are typically expected of today's young students, at home, at school, and elsewhere, are often insufficiently demanding or challenging of them, as well as being too narrowly proscribed by age level or (perceived) ability. The result, as the author further suggests, is that today's school-aged children typically learn, inside and outside of school, only the minimum expected of them, and learn it within particular narrow and predictable environments, at that. Today's students are, therefore, not learning, doing, or attempting mastery of all that they might actually be capable of. Rich therefore asserts (and I agree) that expectations of school-aged children, from teachers, parents, and society as a whole, ought to be greater than they currently are, for the good of these children themselves, and for that of the society that they will grow up into."
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"What to Eat When You?re Expecting", 1999.
A review of the pregnancy nutrition book "What to Eat When You?re Expecting".
945 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 1 source, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the book "What to Eat When You?re Expecting" by Arlene Eisenberg, Heidi E. Murkoff, and Sandee E. Hathaway on pregnancy nutrition. It describes that the book looks at the needs of mother and fetus, and addresses changing the mothers eating habits to help problems like morning sickness and heartburn. The paper describes that the books believes you are what you eat, and your baby is too.
From the Paper
"The authors of What to Expect When You're Expecting, have created what they call the Best-Odds Diet, a well planned and difficult-to-follow diet plan that places emphasis on lean protein, plenty of calcium, vitamin C and other essential minerals and vitamins. Daily requirements are calculated in servings, and special foods are suggested. The authors frown upon ice cream and pickles, as well as any other sugary, salty and processed foods. This book is unrealistic in it expectations for the craving driven pregnant woman. The book looks at the needs of mother and fetus, and it also addresses changing the mothers eating habits to help problems like morning sickness and heartburn, and what a vegetarian mother should do to ensure correct nutrition for her baby."
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Children and Gender Roles, 2004.
An analysis of how gender-specific behavior is imposed on children.
2,605 words (approx. 10.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 78.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how both male and female children in our society are socialized from a very young age to behave in specific, predefined ways that are considered to be appropriate for their genders. It looks at how, beginning with the parents of children and then including many other influential factors in society, many sources define what type of behavior is to be expected from children of each gender. Male and female children of all ages are given guidelines to follow regarding proper interaction with others and acceptable behavior in social situations.
From the Paper
"A reflection of how gender roles are determined and enforced in society can be seen in a number of sources. For one example, research has shown that children?s literature is influenced by gender role definitions, as well as helping to make and encourage those definitions. ? In children's literature, males typically are portrayed as competent and achievement oriented, while the image of females is that they are limited in what they do, and less competent in their ability to accomplish things. Female characters are involved in few of the activities and assigned few of the characteristics or goals that are accorded prestige and esteem in our society.? (Kortenhaus) This separation of the abilities of boys versus girls in something as influential as children?s literature creates something of a self-fulfilling prophecy."
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Gifted and Talented Children, 2002.
A study on the academic resources for gifted children.
3,700 words (approx. 14.8 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 102.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the education system resources for gifted and talented children. The paper states that these children are often the most neglected population in the classroom, and are expected to independently develop academically. The author writes about the often emotional torment of the gifted child, and the need for training and coaching these children as would be done for a child with athletic talent.
From the Paper
"Gifted and talented, in the past as well as the present, are the ones who have received the least attention as far as education is concerned. The teachers and ones who are responsible for preparing the education system take it for granted that children with exceptional gifts will just develop academically on their own. A gifted child or adult, whether creative, athletic or intelligent, sometimes intimidate authorities who are to educate or supervise them as well as people on their own level which is one of the reasons their resources are the most overlooked, and they lack the skills and knowledge in order for them to achieve their full potential. "
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Expectations in Childhood, 2002.
Compares society's expectations of a boy as seen in Julius Lester's "Being a Boy" with parental expectations of a proper Chinese girl as seen in Amy Tan's "The Joy Luck Club".
1,321 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 0 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper examines Julius Lester's feelings in "Being a Boy" about not being able to fulfill society's expectations of proper boy behavior, and the feelings expressed in Amy Tan's "The Joy Luck Club" of not being able to fulfill the expectations of one's parents. A comparison is drawn as to which of each story's characters has the greater burden of expectations.
From the Paper
"According to Julius Lester?s on ?Being a Boy,? the author was never particularly good at fulfilling masculine ideals. ?As boys go, I wasn?t much,? he says. He says he spent many childhood hours ?pummeling? his ego because of his inability to play cowboys and Indians properly, even to steal his neighbor?s fruit without becoming ill. However, Lester?s preoccupations with masculinity and femininity seem to pale in contrast to the worries of the women in Amy Tan?s novel The Joy Luck Club. Rather than simply worrying about growing up to be proper women, the protagonists of the novel must concern themselves of fitting their ideas about gender, their ethnic heritage, and their status as assimilated daughters of native Chinese mothers, into the fabric of their American identities."
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Children and Domestic Violence, 2004.
Examines the effect on children who witness spousal violence in their home.
1,766 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
Researchers have begun to explore the effects on children of witnessing domestic violence and have noted that children who experience such events often show significant behavioral or emotional problems, either immediately afterwards or later on in life. This paper looks at the history of the issue, focusing on the United States. It then examines statistics, the effects on children, including PTSD and expected problems in later life. Finally, the paper looks at treatment and therapy options.
From the Paper
"Some parents noted that their lives were already so complicated by the upheaval that they simply did not have the time to get the children into therapy. One mother noted that she had already missed so much time from work dealing with the legal aspects of the violence that she could take no more time off to take children to therapy. Other parents didn?t think their children needed any help, and in some cases the child did not want to participate. Many parents gave more than one reason (Peled & Edleson, 1999) suggesting that providing therapy for these children is a complex problem to solve. One subset of parents had shared custody of their children and thus incomplete control over their activities (Peled & Edleson, 1999)."
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Teenage Children of Alcoholics, 2006.
This paper is a preliminary research proposal to study the problems of teenage children of alcoholics.
1,885 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 14 sources, APA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that teenage children of alcoholics are more likely than regular teenagers in the same population to suffer a variety of physical, mental and emotional health problems. The author points out that similar to ill-treated victims who believe that the abuse is their fault, teenage children of alcoholics feel culpable and accountable for their parent's drinking problem. The paper states that the research design criteria are to define critical links between parental alcohol or other drug problem and teenagers maltreatment, to identify the areas of cross-training professionals in the recognition and treatment of both problems and to discover prevention services.
Table of Contents
Statement of Research Problem
Research Study on Parental Alcoholic Hereditary Issues
Alcohol as a Gateway Drug - Importance of Study
Related Studies and Their Importance
Review of Literature
Supporting Excerpts of References
Teenage Children of Alcoholics
The Alcoholic Family
Parenting Styles of Alcoholics
Effects on Teenagers
Long Range Outlook for Teenagers
Research Objectives and Expectations
Research Design Criteria
From the Paper
"There is no archetypal alcoholic family. Inasmuch as, family life is inconsistent, perfidious, and unstable. There are many unspoken family rules in alcoholic households. Family roles are continually changing in reaction to the alcoholic situation in order to maintain the sense of balance necessary for survival. The home environment of alcoholic families is one of much conflict, divorce, unemployment, and poverty. There is also abuse and neglect associated with alcoholic families, as well as violent acts among siblings."
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Advertising and Children in Europe, 2002.
Investigating the issues surrounding the targeting of children in European advertising.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper explores advertising towards children in Europe and demonstrates that the predominant trend in advertising for children between the ages of birth to twelve years of age is directed towards promoting maturity - namely maturity beyond that expected of the target age group - and consumption of junk foods.
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Motivation and Expectancy Theory, 2006.
A discussion regarding challenging the underlying assumptions of the expectancy theory.
4,500 words (approx. 18.0 pages), 15 sources, $ 178.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews and challenges the underlying assumptions of expectancy theory as proposed by Vroom and expanded upon by others, contextualizing expectancy theory into the classic science fiction novel 'Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy' as a means of illustrating a serious logical fallacy embedded within expectancy theory. Through doing so, this paper demonstrates that while the expectancy theory is rationally sound and therefore can be used to critically define and describe many aspects of human motivation, the irrationality of human behavior makes it difficult to critically apply expectancy theory in a manner which guarantees successful prediction of behavior or decisions.
From the Paper
" I. Introduction Expectancy theory was first developed by Victor Vroom as an expanded, divergent investigation into motivational theory and research. Vroom's concept of motivation identified that all individuals have innate goals and expectations which they explore within the confines of a given environmental setting, and that the individual is motivated to achieve their goals when they rationalize that the work expended to do so is validated by the rewards inherent within the goal. "
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Expectations and Performance in Education, 2005.
Examines teacher expectations and student performance in education.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the impact of teacher expectations on student performance. It looks at the effects of a teacher's gender bias, expectations toward gifted versus learning disabled students, and teacher minority expectations. The results of prejudicial expectations and unequal treatment and expectations of students are also discussed.
From the Paper
"The following presents the topic of teacher expectations and student performance. The effect of teacher expectations towards students on student performance in the classroom setting is discussed ..."
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Teacher Expectation & Student Performance, 1989.
Examines relationship between teacher's attitudes toward children & success or failure of children in learning.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 13 sources, $ 39.95
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From the Paper
" More often than not people do what is expected of them. This is not an unusual statement when one considers that to live in a communal society, one must share norms and values in order to get along with other members of that society. As one becomes more and more familiar with another's behavior, one believes that they can more accurately predict how the other will behave in any given situation. However, as seminal studies have shown, this assumed behavior may be highly influenced by the predictions or prophesies (Rosenthal & Jacobson, 1968, p. vii).
In one important case, these expectations are central to the development of a child . namely that of the expectations of teachers as related to a child's self.perception. A substantial amount of research has shown that a child's perceptions of both positive and negative expectations from teachers has a vital (...)"
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Vroom's Expectancy Theory, 2007.
A description, analysis and evaluation of Victor Vroom's expectancy.
1,256 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a brief description of Victor Vroom's expectancy theory which states that people are motivated if they can see a link between their effort (of completing a task) and the expected performance, as well as a link between the expected performance and the desired outcome or reward. In particular, the author applies the theory to his personal experiences while serving in the navy.
Outline:
Introduction
Description of Theory
Description of Experience
Analysis Using Expectancy Theory
Evaluation and Alternatives
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Vroom's expectancy theory can be considered invaluable in terms of serving as a basis for further analysis and helping to "understand the complexity of motivation." (Callahan et al. 1986, p.96) Moreover, it aids managers to reflect on the different outcomes of behaviour, it clarifies the relationship between organizational and individual goals and even suggests some managerial action, such as the design of training schemes and job design. David J. Cherrington suggests that "motivation problems are solved by altering the components of expectancy theory: expectancy, instrumentality, and valence." (1994) "
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Expectancy Theory, 2002.
An overview of Victor Vroom's expectancy theory of motivation.
1,291 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
The expectancy theory of motivation, which was first created by Victor Vroom, has become a widely accepted theory for explaining how individuals make decisions regarding different behavioral alternatives. This paper examines the basic philosophy of this theory - the need for valence, expectancy and instrumentality in order for the theory to work. It shows arguments against the theory and claims that it is too vague to be seriously applied as a model of human behaviour. Finally, the paper uses the expectancy theory as an example on a real-life situation.
From the Paper
"Research has suggested that the expectancy theory must be expanded in order to consider the effects of the time between when the individual intended to act and when the actual behavior took place; the significance of previous behavior on subsequent behavior; and the sequence of behavior (Saltzer, 1981). Hirokawa and Scheerhorn (1986) developed a model of group decision-making that supports general expectancy theory concepts. This model shows how groups come to decisions, which factors result in decisions, and how individual group members affect the quality of the decisions.
Research shows that treating people as a group may have many benefits, but it also has many undesirable consequences (Hansen, 1997). One of the major consequences is that individuals are proven to show less effort when performing collectively than when performing individually."
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The Expectation-Reality Gap in ASEAN Enlargement, 2003.
How Association of Southeast Asian Nations' (ASEAN) expectation in enlargement differs from what comes out from it.
3,218 words (approx. 12.9 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 92.95
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Abstract
This essay attempts to show how much ASEAN?s norms have undermined its ability to face the challenges posed by Myanmar membership in the Association and hence also reduce its ability to realize the stated objectives and expectations of the membership. This is even more interesting since there is a possibility that ASEAN, with its rhetoric of embracing Myanmar in order to ?democratise? it, has actually perpetuated the repressive military junta. After all, the promotion of human rights and democracy has not been one of the Association?s priority. To achieve this, political, economic and security expectations and real outcome are analyzed and compared.
Introduction
ASEAN?s Expectation in Engaging Myanmar
Reality after Membership
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Since 1998, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) has finally become truly regional by including all ten states of the region in its membership. In 1992 it accepted Viet Nam’s application, and in 1997 Laos and Myanmar joined in. Cambodia had to wait another year for membership but was finally admitted. This has been one of the vision set by its founders since its establishment in 1967 although at that time the Association was more a subregional alliance to contain the internal and external threat of communism for like-minded, anti-imperialist, anti-communist regimes, and to some extent to balance Viet Nam’s power in the region."
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"Great Expectations", 2002.
Examines Charles Dickens' "Great Expectations" as a novel about the formation of the self in relation to childhood.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 1 source, $ 71.95
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Abstract
In this tale, we are met by Pip, first a young boy taken under the wing of a felon who places him with a delusional old maid, then a snobbish young man with expectations of being a member of the aristocracy and finally as a humbled man who has learned the lesson of humility. Childhood is a time in which what we are and do then determines in great part who we will become. Dickens, clearly, employs a significant amount of his own past and dreams for this novel. The themes of good and evil, of right and wrong, of sadness and happiness are all played right along side of each other in a demonstration that life rarely follows a straight and narrow path, that it is important to experience a fall from grace, or to lose one's great expectations, in order to fully own one's life. The hard-working humble man that Pip becomes by the end of the book would have been an insufferable immature boor had a change not taken place. For children, disappointment is indeed a bitter teacher. But, it is a necessary one as well. For it is in later childhood and adolescence that we can begin to fully understand that life will not always go our way. Unfortunately, there are many with lives that protect them from such knowledge. For them, perhaps, connecting with Pip is impossible. For the rest of us, however, we can truly understand what it is to have great expectations and to see them disappear, only to find that we are indeed the better for it. The exploration of childhood, and the symbolic nature of young development, is absolutely essential to this book. We are able to watch as Pip's infantile dreams of greatness, riches and power turn him into a monster, for no one actually gets what they want simply because they want it. Only the fact that he is a child redeems him.
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