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The Expectation-Reality Gap in ASEAN Enlargement, 2003.
How Association of Southeast Asian Nations' (ASEAN) expectation in enlargement differs from what comes out from it.
3,218 words (approx. 12.9 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 92.95
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Abstract
This essay attempts to show how much ASEAN?s norms have undermined its ability to face the challenges posed by Myanmar membership in the Association and hence also reduce its ability to realize the stated objectives and expectations of the membership. This is even more interesting since there is a possibility that ASEAN, with its rhetoric of embracing Myanmar in order to ?democratise? it, has actually perpetuated the repressive military junta. After all, the promotion of human rights and democracy has not been one of the Association?s priority. To achieve this, political, economic and security expectations and real outcome are analyzed and compared.
Introduction
ASEAN?s Expectation in Engaging Myanmar
Reality after Membership
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Since 1998, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) has finally become truly regional by including all ten states of the region in its membership. In 1992 it accepted Viet Nam’s application, and in 1997 Laos and Myanmar joined in. Cambodia had to wait another year for membership but was finally admitted. This has been one of the vision set by its founders since its establishment in 1967 although at that time the Association was more a subregional alliance to contain the internal and external threat of communism for like-minded, anti-imperialist, anti-communist regimes, and to some extent to balance Viet Nam’s power in the region."
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2004 E.U. Enlargement and the Economic Results, 2006.
A research paper examining the economic results of the 2004 enlargement of the European Union.
5,700 words (approx. 22.8 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 137.95
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Abstract
The fifth enlargement of 2004 was the most ambitious in the history of the European Union. It was the largest ever in terms of number of countries (10) and population (75 million) acceding to the European Union. This paper focuses on the economic results of the enlargement. The paper questions whether the 2004 enlargement boosted the EU-15's and/or new member states' economies. It also examines whether Western European countries' initial fears were actually justified actually and whether the EU-15 paid the bill for Eastern and Central European economic success. The paper includes graphs and tables.
Paper Outline:
Introduction
The Challenging Fifth Enlargement has Undeniably Boosted Newcomers' Economies
Two Years Later: An Economic Success?
Has Western Europe paid the Bill for Eastern and Central European Economic Success?
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"It is almost impossible to draw conclusions regarding the migration of Eastern European workers to the EU-15 since all but three of the old member states (Ireland, the UK, and Sweden) have applied transitional restriction since May 2004. Other old Member States maintained a work-permit regime combined with a quota system, invoking an up-to-seven-year derogation from the principle of free movement of workers granted by the 2003 Accession Treaty. We can nevertheless notice that migratory flows from the EU-10 have been small, even towards countries that have allowed unrestricted movement of workers. This is consistent with the experience of previous enlargements: mobility of labor remains very low in Europe."
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Rational Expectation Model and Exchange Rate, 2002.
An overview of Robert Lucas' rational expectation model and its relationship with exchange rate and full employment.
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 7 sources, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper focuses on the rational expectation model and its connection with exchange rate and full employment. Robert Lucas, the pioneer of rational expectation model maintains that people are able to predict their economic future with the information available and therefore the government should not intervene for the regulation of financial markets. The proponents of rational expectation theory argue that there are some variables present within the economy that possess self-correcting powers and therefore government intervention is unnecessary.
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European Enlargement, 2003.
An analysis of the political and economic implications of European enlargement for the nations of Africa today.
3,614 words (approx. 14.5 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 100.95
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Abstract
The hypothesis of this research project is that the European enlargement to the European Committee of Construction Economists (CEEC) will have adverse side-effects on Africa, both politically and economically. While there are several sub-questions addressed, the primary research question addressed by this project is to identify the implications of the European enlargement to the Committee of European Economic Cooperation (CEEC) on the nations of Africa. The investment and financial help given by Western European countries will likely be reallocated from the historic patterns of assistance provided to the nations of Africa. At the same time, people from Eastern Europe will be free to work in Western European countries, so there will be less need for workers from Africa. In certain North African countries, the economic flow from the people working abroad, particularly in Europe, is more important than foreign investment. This study identifies the historic levels of assistance provided to the African nations in the form of employment for African emigrants and economic and technological assistance provided in kind, through loans and grants, as well as other economic assistance programs administered by non-governmental agencies, particularly the United Nations, and the countries of Western Europe. The paper includes graphs.
From the Paper
"This enormous diversity, combined with a paucity of reliable data from official statistics as to the composition of the group makes it very difficult to provide main characteristics of the community in general. Adugna adds that while the African immigrant experience in this area is relatively recent, African immigrants are already leaving their marks in the areas where they live in greatest numbers. "Such marks are more evident when one takes into consideration the growing number of business ventures and restaurants, churches and the communal associations that are flourishing abroad" (Adugna, 1998, p. 7)."
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Enlargement of the European Union, 2002.
A discussion of the criteria for new countries attempting to enter the European Union and the effects of enlargement.
2,702 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 81.95
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Abstract
This paper provides an insight to the European Union. It begins with a brief history from the Treaty of Paris in 1951 with 6 countries until the current 15 member countries. It examines the effect of enlargement such as the political, economical, and cultural benefits and shows how adding the prospective countries would instill a greater sense of safety and peace. It looks at the 13 countries who are currently being examined to enter the European Union, the necessary economic and political conditions that must be met and the extent to which each individual country meets them.
From the Paper
"After having gone through two major world wars, Europe was ready for a settlement. This basic idea was the start of the need for a unification of the European countries, since this unification would be the key to finally keeping peace. In 1946, Churchill called for a ?United States of Europe? that would have control over the production of coal and steel, two German resources that were known as being instrumental catalysts of war. The allied countries after the war felt that if Germany continued to have complete control over these resources, a future outbreak of war could be possible. As a result of this the six countries, France, Italy, Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg, became the founding members of the European Coal and Steel Community by signing the Treaty of Paris in 1951."
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Penis Enlargement Surgery, 2004.
A general look at the causes and effects of penis enlargement surgery.
757 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
Penis enlargement surgery is one of the newest additions to the seemingly never-ending list of reproductive technologies on today's market. This paper explains the reason for this technology coming into development and the different methods available. It also highlights both the advantages and disadvantages that come with the use of this technology.
From the Paper
"Over the last 30 years, with technology increasing and the idea that 'bigger is better' spreading, the methods of penis enlargement surgery have become both numerous and varied. Penis enlargement surgery, also known as penile augmentation or penile enhancement surgery, consists of two surgical procedures to enlarge the penis. The first is used to increase the girth of the penis. This procedure uses fat cells inserted around the penis. The second involves extending the tissue that fills with blood named the corpora cavernosa out of the body to achieve length. Cutting the suspensory ligaments of the corpora cavernosa does this."
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Breast Augmentation and Penis Enlargement, 2000.
A discussion of the processes and psychology behind breast augmentation and penis enlargement.
1,105 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a description of medical procedures and psychology behind making the choice to make ourselves bigger. It examines the psychological reasoning behind why people feel they need to perform these processes.
From the Paper
"In our society bigger is better, or so we think. We are trapped in the idea that to be attractive is to be well endowed. Women have their breasts enlarged because their chests are on display whenever they are around other people. Men have their penises enlarged because they think that women don't like small penises."
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Expectation versus Reality in Las Vegas, 2008.
A comparison of illusions and expectations with reality and experiences for tourists visiting Las Vegas.
1,886 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the illusions and expectations that tourists to Las Vegas come to the city with. It then compares these illusions and expectations with the reality of the experiences of these same visitors. The paper bases its arguments on Roger Kimball's "Existentialism, Semiotics, and Iced Tea." The paper provides examples from occurrences in Las Vegas.
From the Paper
"A very recent example was when, several weeks ago now, unsuspecting tourists happened to be visiting Las Vegas at the same time the NBA All Star teams, replete with rowdy entourages and various ill-mannered hangers-on, rolled into town and behaved in ways that spoiled the atmosphere and therefore ruptured, for a time, the Las Vegas illusion. One may be sure Las Vegas spin-masters were put right to work after this occurred, prettying up as much as possible any ugly leftover details (the worst of these being a nightclub shooting in which the manager of the place was shot by a basketball star or someone in his entourage (no one is talking) and is now paralyzed. Tourists in town for whatever reason that weekend, or even a few weekends afterward, might have heard or read something or other about the shooting itself, but not about its now-paralyzed and unable to work again victim. That story just broke last week, and on a Wednesday."
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Enlargement of the European Court of Justice, 2001.
2,695 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 11 sources, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This essay discusses the history of expansion of the power of the European Court of Justice (ECJ) jurisprudence over the legislation of European Union member states, and examines several explanations for this expansion. The author then considers how this application of ECJ law impresses on the integration of the acquis communitaire into the administration of both the existing member states and the accession states. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of the implications that the expanded role of the European Court of Justice may hold for the future of the European Union.
Introduction
Expanding Role of the European Court of Justice
Role of the ECJ in the Integration of EU Policy
into ?Sovereign? States & Implications for the Future of
the European Union
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Since the 1950?s the European Court of Justice?s role in European society has grown dramatically. This growth has perhaps been unnoticed by politicians in the various member states of the European Union. Additionally, most political scientists have largely ignored the European Court of Justice.[1] The expansion of the ECJ has reached a point where ECJ jurisprudence is being used by national courts to overrule some laws promulgated by national legislatures![2] Given that no existing treaty within the EU provides this sort of autonomy or authority to the ECJ [3], one would not be silly to question how such a situation has come about."
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EU Enlargement to Eastern Europe, 2006.
A look at some of the challenges and issues of the European Union's expansion to Eastern Europe.
2,062 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
When the Eastern European countries led by Poland decided to join the European Union (EU), the assumption was that they wanted to share the blessings of the free market being enjoyed by existing EU members. This paper discusses how economically, the Eastern European countries are a low-income region and how they are fighting issues such as unemployment and a low standard of living. It also examines how other EU members can show them how to potentially stimulate the growth of their own economies.
Outline:
Introduction
Poland's Problems
Migration
Agriculture
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Eastern Europe is a low-income region of about 100 million people whose combined income will raise the GDP of EU by a mere 5 per cent. This is very much less than the result of previous EU expansions to the North and South. It is not only their low income levels that may bring deleterious effects to EU but also the fact that these countries are in the middle of a transition phase from a centrally planned to a market economy. In addition, the new members will have to cope with more EU regulations than before because of the recent creation of the Single European Market concept. "
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Teacher Expectation & Student Performance, 1989.
Examines relationship between teacher's attitudes toward children & success or failure of children in learning.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 13 sources, $ 39.95
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From the Paper
" More often than not people do what is expected of them. This is not an unusual statement when one considers that to live in a communal society, one must share norms and values in order to get along with other members of that society. As one becomes more and more familiar with another's behavior, one believes that they can more accurately predict how the other will behave in any given situation. However, as seminal studies have shown, this assumed behavior may be highly influenced by the predictions or prophesies (Rosenthal & Jacobson, 1968, p. vii).
In one important case, these expectations are central to the development of a child . namely that of the expectations of teachers as related to a child's self.perception. A substantial amount of research has shown that a child's perceptions of both positive and negative expectations from teachers has a vital (...)"
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ASEAN in the Global Power Structure, 2005.
Examines the effectiveness of an Asian coalition and how much it serves the interest of the region compared to the self-interests of the United States.
13,700 words (approx. 54.8 pages), 24 sources, MLA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
The idea for a regional block in Asia, to a large extent, was conceptualized by the United States. U.S. President Lyndon Johnson presented the ASEAN concept as an alliance of all the free nations of the Pacific and Asia and invited the Asian countries to come together in a co-operative effort to bring about economic development of the region, promising them the U.S.'s financial assistance and support. For all intents and purposes, this is what everyone believed ASEAN would accomplish at the time, including the ASEAN member nations themselves. However, the cooperative development of the nations was only the covering for the U.S.'s real agenda: to halt the progress of Communism and use the ASEAN nations and Japan as the roadblocks:
While the goal of the ASEAN member countries has been acquiring an "Asian identity" and achieving regional economic cooperation, the objective of the United States has been largely strategic in nature.
Such reality poses a number of implications for ASEAN. On one hand, it leaves ASEAN as a pawn for the United States and its allies, making the possibility of upholding real ASEAN interests difficult in the face of a hegemon's (the United States) interests. In addition, it also renders the concept of ASEAN regionalism in question because of the massive outside influence that it is vulnerable to under U.S. "guidance."
This leaves the question of whether ASEAN is truly a Southeast Asian regional block or not. Thus, as this essay argues, ASEAN although originally intended to be an organization that upholds Asian regionalism and reduce dependence on foreign powers and markets, was intentionally used by the United States and its allies to uphold their own political and economic interests - the industrialization of Japan within a neoliberal paradigm and the expansion of U.S. ideals to counter the communist treat, among others - in Asia and the rest of the world.
In order to prove this point, the paper first provides the theoretical foundations of its thesis using the theories of Structural Power and Hegemony. The next section then provides an analysis of the roles that the U.S. and its main ally, Japan, played in the development of ASEAN and the effect of their influence in ASEAN. China's role and effect in ASEAN are also discussed. The paper then provides a historical account of the development of ASEAN to show the facts that support the case. The next section then sketches the future of ASEAN. The essay ends with concluding remarks. It includes figures and graphs.
Paper Outline:
Introduction
Theoretical Foundations of U.S. Influence in ASEAN
The Role of the US
The Role of Japan
The Role of China
Three Contesting Powers
ASEAN Evolution in the Face of a Global Power Structure
Cooperation in the State of Turmoil (1967-1984)
The Birth of ASEAN in 1967
Vietnam Policy and ASEAN
ASEAN and the Promotion of Asian Capitalism
The Cambodia Crisis
Cooperation in the Age of Growth (1985-1996)
The Plaza Accord
Flying Geese Model
Economic Cooperation
Cooperation in the Age of Crisis and Recovery (1997-2005)
The Asian Financial Crisis
The IMF in ASEAN
ASEAN+3
China: A Potential Regional Rival
Japan's Assistance Measures
Post 9-11 Security: ASEAN as a Pawn of U.S. Policy
The Future of ASEAN
The Evolution of Cooperation between ASEAN and Japan
ASEAN and the G3 Bloc
Human Rights Issues Facing ASEAN
Toward a Regional Community
Conclusion
Works Cited
From the Paper
"ASEAN was founded in 1967 to deepen economic interaction and cooperation within the region. When it was first formed, the ASEAN member nations intended it to draw them together into a unified regionalist entity that would reduce dependence on foreign powers, particularly economically. The member nations were third world countries that had up to that time relied heavily on foreign markets, and one of the goals of regionalism was to combine the resources of the countries and convert them from five individual weak entities into one strong entity capable of standing on its own."
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Achievement Gaps, 2008.
This paper discusses reasons for the existence of achievement gaps and looks at possible ways of reducing these gaps.
8,300 words (approx. 33.2 pages), 25 sources, APA, $ 176.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that for many years there has been a considerable achievement gap in America. Most often this achievement gap is evident when comparing wealthy children to poor children. There are also achievement gaps along the lines of race and gender. The writer explores why these achievement gaps exist and the ways in which these gaps can be reduced. The writer also provides some facts concerning the types of achievement gaps that exist in America. The writer maintains that achievement gaps between white and black students begin in elementary school and exist throughout adulthood. The research suggests that such factors as poverty, under funding and racism play substantial roles in contributing to the achievement gap amongst American students.
Outline:
Introduction
Achievement Gap
Why Does an Achievement Gap Exist?
Poverty
Unequal Funding
Locus of Control
Acting White
Academic Disengagement
Reasons for Academic Disengagement
How to reduce the Achievement Gap
Adequate School Funding and School Choice
Better Trained and Better Paid Teachers
Detracking
Changing Perceptions
Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"When schools do not have adequate funding they can not purchase enough books for every student, school equipment may be deteriorating and students may not have access to the technologies needed. A lack of these essential tools can make it difficult for students to thrive.
"In addition to adequate school funding, school choice may be needed in some districts. The issue of school choice is a controversial one but parents and students should not have to bear the cost of schools that are failing children and not providing them with the education needed to compete in the world. In a perfect world schools would get funding and well trained teachers but the reality is that in order to close the achievement gap some serious issues must be addressed and this may result in the temporary or permanent closing of underperforming or failing schools."
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Vietnam and ASEAN, 2005.
A look at the history of Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). and the benefits and drawbacks of Vietnam being a member.
9,279 words (approx. 37.1 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 191.95
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Abstract
This paper deals withs the issue of economic cooperation and integration within the framework of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). The opportunities and challenges facing Vietnam in its regional economic cooperation and integration are also discussed.
Outline
Introduction
ASEAN and the Issue of Economic Integration
ASEAN Mechanisms
ASEAN Developments
ASEAN Free Trade Agreement - A Vehicle for Economic Cooperation and Integration
VIETNAM and AFTA
Vietnam's Present Economic Situation
Vietnam and ASEAN Economic Relations
Opportunities and Challenges Facing Vietnam
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Industrialization and modernization of Vietnam's economy is a paramount goal pursued by the government. Industry is a crucial sector that has nearly doubled its output from 1991-1997, while recent growth rates have been in the 10-15% a year range. Billions of dollars have been invested in industrial foreign direct investment, and manufactured exports have grown rapidly, albeit from low bases. In an unusual development that is consistent with the goal of the government, most of the growth in industry came from the state sector. Growth in industrial output has exceeded 10% per year since 1991. Industry and construction together constituted 30% in 1995, compared with 23% in 1990. Similarly, the service sector has grown to 43%, compared with 39% in 1990. All of this indicates that Vietnam's economic structure has been shifting rapidly from agriculture towards industry and services."
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Expectations in Childhood, 2002.
Compares society's expectations of a boy as seen in Julius Lester's "Being a Boy" with parental expectations of a proper Chinese girl as seen in Amy Tan's "The Joy Luck Club".
1,321 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 0 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper examines Julius Lester's feelings in "Being a Boy" about not being able to fulfill society's expectations of proper boy behavior, and the feelings expressed in Amy Tan's "The Joy Luck Club" of not being able to fulfill the expectations of one's parents. A comparison is drawn as to which of each story's characters has the greater burden of expectations.
From the Paper
"According to Julius Lester?s on ?Being a Boy,? the author was never particularly good at fulfilling masculine ideals. ?As boys go, I wasn?t much,? he says. He says he spent many childhood hours ?pummeling? his ego because of his inability to play cowboys and Indians properly, even to steal his neighbor?s fruit without becoming ill. However, Lester?s preoccupations with masculinity and femininity seem to pale in contrast to the worries of the women in Amy Tan?s novel The Joy Luck Club. Rather than simply worrying about growing up to be proper women, the protagonists of the novel must concern themselves of fitting their ideas about gender, their ethnic heritage, and their status as assimilated daughters of native Chinese mothers, into the fabric of their American identities."
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