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Expansionary Monetary Policy in Australia and the USA, 2002.
An overview of various instruments of monetary policy, and an examination of why Australia and USA adopted an expansionary monetary policy in 2001.
915 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 28 sources, APA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper deals with a general explanation of monetary policy and in what situations expansionary monetary policy should be used. This is further discussed by involving the role of interest rates and economic strength of the country, relating to most recent statistics.
From the Paper
"Monetary policy is the ?attempt to moderate the business cycle and control inflation by changing the quantity of money in circulation to change interest rates? (McTaggart et al, 1999: 27.2). In another words, it is the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA)?s attempt to change the quantity of money and interest rates so as to affect aggregate demand and, ultimately, equilibrium real GDP and the price level. McDonald defines monetary policy as the government?s policy on setting the level of the money supply (1996: 149)."
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Monetary Policy in the USA 2004, 2004.
Assesses the state of the economy and monetary policy in the USA in August 2004.
690 words (approx. 2.8 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 23.95
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Abstract
The paper assesses the state of the economy and monetary policy in the USA in August 2004. The paper discusses the U.S. federal reserve report to Congress characterizing the state of the economy. It looks at the focus of monetary policy on the control of inflation.
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Cost of Living Comparison - USA and Australia, 2002.
A comparison between the cost of goods and services in the United States compared to Australia.
690 words (approx. 2.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 24.95
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Abstract
This paper compares the U.S.A. to Australia in terms of items that can be bought in either place and puts them into a graphical representation. The paper gives a reason for doing the research on the two countries combined.
From the Paper
"I selected each country because I thought it would be interesting to compare the United States of America to Australia since the USA is enormous when compared to Australia in land size. In addition, I thought it would be fascinating to see the prices associated with goods and services in Australia compared to the U.S. since Australia is an island completely surrounded by water. The USA, however, has neighboring countries of Canada and Mexico. Also, I thought it would be intriguing to see the percentage of income each item costs. I learned that, although Australia is much smaller than the USA and water locked, its prices are just about equivalent to the USA's as is shown in Figure 1. As you can see, if you purchased the same goods and services in Australia and the USA, the total amount is almost entirely the same even though the per capita income is much lower in Australia than in the USA. Figure 2 shows a graphical representation of these figures. "
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Police Informants in the U.K., U.S.A. and Australia, 2004.
This paper reports and highlights the issues on the management of the police informants undertaken in Australia, United Kingdom and United States of America.
12,200 words (approx. 48.8 pages), 36 sources, MLA, $ 235.95
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Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to see how different countries handle police informants and face up to the problems associated with their use, especially those that lead to miscarriages of justice. Moreover, there have been only limited studies on police informants, most of which are greater than five years old. Since the use of police informants is widespread, and often vital in some police investigations, a thorough examination of how they are used is beneficial to understanding their unique role.
Outline
Abstract
Introduction
Rationale For the Study
Relevance of the Study
Review of Related Literature
Background
The Problem of the Human Source
Motivation
Criticisms/Problematic Issues of Informants Use
Ownership Issues
Legal Limitations
Australia
Becoming an Informant
Management Techniques
United Kingdom
Management Techniques
Safeguarding the Informant
United States of America
Becoming an Informant
Management Techniques
The Approach Utilized
Data Gathering and Utilizing Method
Comments on the Originality and Limitations of Data
Discussion
Differences
Themes
Conclusion
From the Paper
"All the informants are encouraged to expand their abilities, knowledge and suppleness through incessant learning. They give a wide variety of development opportunities to provide them for novel roles and to hold up the individual development plans that are an essential part of the evaluation system (Goldstein, 1987). On joining, all the informants enter a prearranged introduction program geared toward the work they are to take on. Informant officers pursue programs encompassing courses, work experience, as well as one-to-one mentoring. A number of expert staff arrives with the necessary experience and knowledge to take up assignments immediately, at the same time as others might undergo rigorous training (Goldstein, 1987)."
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Australian Monetary Policy, 2005.
A paper on the Australian monetary policy devised by the Reserve Bank of Australia.
1,825 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an outline and critical appraisal of the Reserve Bank of Australia's rationales for the current stance of Australian monetary policy. The paper concludes that the current stance of Australian monetary policy calls for a comprehensive analysis of various economic indicators governing Australia vis-a-vis the global economy, with the goal of continually striving for the maintenance of sustainable economic growth.
Introduction
GDP
Labor Market
Consumer Prices and Inflation
Business and Financial Conditions
Forex Market and Balance of Payment
Resource Exports
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The continual decline of the US dollar, as has been witnessed recently, might have been a matter of serious concern in the International Financial Market, but the tightening of the monetary policy and the financial markets by the US Federal Reserve is seen as a transitory step toward economic recovery. However, it is a positive sign that the Australian dollar's movement against a host of other floating currency has been modest. Even the performance of the Australian labor market in the recent months, which indicates the unemployment rate declining to its lowest level since the 1970s, deserves appreciation."
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Analysis of Monetary Policy, 2008.
An analysis of the importance of a monetary policy.
838 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper examines why monetary policy is an important aspect of macroeconomic stability. The paper looks at why the tools, procedures and the body for enforcing these tools and procedures are very important aspects of any society. The paper then explains that monetary policy is a tool utilized by policy makers to correct inflationary or recessionary gaps. Next, the paper points out that the tools of monetary policy are used throughout an economy for other purposes; hence there are drawbacks to using it for macroeconomic stability. The paper also explores whether the marginal benefit from monetary policy exceeds the marginal cost of using the tools of monetary policy. In addition, the paper looks at how monetary policy also has 'spillover' effects for other markets, such as the financial markets or general business operation. In conclusion, the paper shows that lowering inflation or closing recessionary gaps have been the primary focus of the policies.
Outline:
Introduction
A description of Monetary Policy: A General Overview:
- Open Market Operations
- Required Reserve Ratio (RRR)
- Discount Rate (DR)
Macroeconomic stability and Monetary Policy: A Look at the 1970s and 1980s
Monetary Policy Efficiency: How the Change Did or Could Have Impacted Me
From the Paper
"Monetary policy is used during inflationary or recessionary periods to correct the problem. Ideally during inflationary periods the Federal Bank and policymakers want to decrease the money supply and increase interest rates, so that borrowing/spending can be constrained. During recessionary periods, policymakers will try to do the opposite, that is increase the money supply, so that interest rates can rise and increase investment and spending, which will have a spill-over effect on employment (BOG: Federal Reserve System, 2006, p. 15)."
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Monetary Policy, 2008.
This paper examines monetary policy and macroeconomic stability.
1,801 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
The paper analyzes the role of money when achieving economic objectives such as economic growth, controllable inflation and low unemployment rates. The paper explores whether there are alternatives to monetary policy and if they are effective. The paper researches which tool will reach the goals at a faster rate and looks at whether developed countries like the United States use monetary policy frequently. The paper uses the Federal Reserve as a case/example for the analysis presented.
Outline:
Introduction
The Money Creation Process
A Description of Monetary Policy
Macroeconomic Stability and Monetary Policy
Monetary Policy Efficiency
Business Operations and Monetary Policy
From the Paper
"Monetary policy is a tool utilized by policy makers to correct inflationary or recessionary gaps. The tools of monetary policy are used throughout an economy for other purposes; hence there are drawbacks to using it for macroeconomic stability. The issue that should not be trivialized is whether the marginal benefit from monetary policy exceeds the marginal cost of using the tools of monetary policy. If this true, then its best for policy makers to undertake the action, the contrary holds true."
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Monetary Compensation, 2005.
This paper discusses the use of monetary compensation as a motivation tool in the workplace and alternatives to monetary compensation to improve performance without increasing costs.
4,610 words (approx. 18.4 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 119.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that motivation, defined as a force that affects behavior, influences behavior (1) by energizing, changing or initiating behavioral patterns, (2) by determining the behavior a person chooses and (3) by sustaining behavior or determining the individual levels of effort with respect to behavioral patterns. The author point out that pay appears to be a motivator in short-term situations but is ineffective as a long-term solution to reducing costs and increasing productivity. The paper concludes that, by implementing appropriate pay structures, incentive plans and motivation programs; management professionals may be able to shift the focus of employees from the extrinsic reward of pay to the intrinsic rewards of job satisfaction and recognition.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Motivation
Theories Related to Pay and Motivation
Research Conclusions
Incentive Plans
Non-Monetary Motivational Programs
Management Implications
Conclusions
From the Paper
"A similar needs-based theory was outlined by Clayton Alderfer (1969). Alderfer condensed Maslow's five levels into three levels and designated them as his ERG theory. The first, existence needs, encompasses physiological needs as well as safety and security needs. Belongingess and external esteem needs make up the second level of relatedness needs. The third and final level, growth needs, consists of self esteem and self-actualization. This model is very similar to Maslow's as it is hierarchical in nature. That is, lower-level needs must be met before higher-order needs can be fulfilled."
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International Monetary Policies, 1994.
This paper discusses the 1993 international monetary policies (interest rates, money supply) and performances (production, employment, prices) of Australia, Canada, Germany, Japan, Sweden & the U.S.. Tables.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 11 sources, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"National economies around the world are more dependent on one another than at any time in the past. The increasing globalization of the economic sphere of life has ushered in a period wherein monetary policies implemented by a major industrial power affect not only the national economy of that specific country, but also affect the level and character of economic activity in all other countries. For almost three years, economic activity has been stagnant in the world's largest industrial economies. For the most part, the industrial countries have not acted in unison ... "
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The Asian Monetary Fund, 2006.
A paper on the purposes of the Asian Monetary Fund.
3,724 words (approx. 14.9 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 102.95
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Abstract
This paper explains the purpose of the Asian Monetary Fund and its origins. The paper explains how Japanese Vice-Minister of Finance, Eisuke Sakakibura, originally drew up the proposal, which was tabled until recently. The paper goes on to explain the objections of the United States to the proposal, and the international trade ramifications of creating an Asian Monetary Fund.
table of contents:
What is the Asian Monetary Fund?
What is its purpose?
How does it affect International Trade?
What effect does it have on the U.S. economy?
Why is it important?
Other relevant information on the Asian Monetary Fund
From the Paper
"The Asian Monetary Fund is the reform measure of the International Monetary Fund, amidst severe economic crisis of East Asia, since the Second World War, were considered as too imposing and too stringent. This led many to seriously think of mild reforms to eradicate the possibility of future economic exigencies. Some others inclusive of Japanese Finance Minister Kiichi Miyazawa and South Korean Prime Minister Kim Jong-Pil went to the extreme and argued that IMF is quite incapable of healing the ailing Asian economics. They advocated the constitution of Asian Monetary Fund as an alternative to IMF reforms. The prevailing economic disaster in Asian regions has made the Asian institutions vulnerable to serious flaws as well as their responsive towards informality and consensus. The creation of Asian Monetary Fund was first proposed by Japanese Vice-Minister of Finance Eisuke Sakakibura during the year 1997. (Asian vs. International: Structuring an Asian Monetary Fund)"
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Monetary Policy, 2002.
A discussion on various issues relating to monetary policy and how the United States' policy affects the rest of the world.
1,005 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how monetary policy is crucial to the economy and impacts all types of economic and financial decisions individuals make. It shows that since the United States is the largest economy in the world, its monetary policy also has significant economic and financial effects on foreign countries. The paper analyzes and examines various issues related to monetary policy. First, the state of the United States economy is discussed. Next, the issue of whether the Federal Reserve is more concerned about high inflation or the possibility of a recession is analyzed. Lastly, this paper outlines the direction of a recent monetary policy and examines the policy actions the Federal Reserve has taken to confirm that direction.
From the Paper
"While monetary policy cannot impact either output or employment in the long run, it may affect them in the short run. For example, when demand contracts and there is a recession, the Federal Reserve may stimulate the economy, temporarily, and help push it back toward its long-run level of output by lowering interest rates. While monetary policy cannot expand the economy beyond its potential growth path or reduce unemployment in the long run, it may stabilize prices in the long run. Price stability is basically low inflation, i.e., inflation that is so low that consumers do not worry about it when they make decisions about what to buy, whether to borrow or invest, etc."
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United States Fiscal and Monetary Policies, 2007.
An analysis of the fiscal policy and monetary policy of the United States.
980 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses both the fiscal policy and the monetary policy of the United States. It describes the history behind the policies and how they have changed over time. It also discusses some of the factors that have influenced their changes. The paper also briefly discusses the differences between the fiscal policy and the monetary policy.
Table of Contents:
Fiscal Policy
Monetary Policy
From the Paper
"In addition to discount window lending discussed previously, the Federal Reserve can control economic growth either by engaging in open market operations (the buying and selling of U.S. Treasury and federal agency securities in the open market) or by changing reserve requirements (requirements for the amount of funds that depository institutions must hold in reserve against deposits made by their customers) (Monetary policy). In open market operations, the Federal Reserve can inject money into the system by buying securities which will help stimulate the economy and fight deflation. Conversely, when it sells securities it pulls money out of the system which will help slow economic growth and fight inflation. Increasing reserve ratio requirements would be a policy to counter inflation and slow growth because they banks have less deposits available for loans; decreasing the ratio would do exactly the opposite."
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International Monetary Policy, 2002.
A look at international monetary speculation.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 8 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper examines international monetary speculation, its impacts and ways to limit it. Monetary speculation is commonly cited as a cause of the financial crises of the 1990s. The 'Tobin tax' is the most common proposal to limit the impact of international monetary speculation.
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Chinese Monetary Policy as Foreign Policy, 2008.
An analysis of how China's monetary policy has been used as part of its foreign policy to influence international relations.
3,815 words (approx. 15.3 pages), 16 sources, MLA, $ 104.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses China's economic policies. It focuses on its monetary policies and the use of its artificial control over its exchange rate as an unofficial brief of its foreign policy. It shows how China uses its monetary policy internationally to improve its positions on trade, foreign relations, and bilateral agreements with various countries.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Overview
Chinese Monetary Policy
Foreign Investment as Policy
Foreign Trade
Conclusions
From the Paper
"For many years the Chinese Yuan was pegged to the U.S. dollar and, until recently, this was not a foreign policy issue. However, as the U.S. as well as other markets, have seen their import markets grow far beyond their export markets and consequently maintain extreme trade deficits, the artificial manipulation of the Yuan has now become a matter of foreign policy. Many foreign markets view China's exchange regime, managed float or not, to be an economic weapon and one in which it has not been reticent to utilize."
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Non-Monetary Rewards, 2005.
A discussion on the advantages of non-monetary rewards in the work environment.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 3 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper considers the use of a non-monetary reward system for a department that cannot provide added money for incentive. It notes research showing that non-monetary rewards can be as important as monetary rewards for many employees and so can serve as motivators for improved performance. It claims, therefore, that making such an approach is ideal for any organization or division that has a limited budget or lacks full control of its budget but still needs to use rewards for motivation and job satisfaction.
From the Paper
"Companies often have to find ways of providing rewards that do not involve monetary rewards. Non-monetary rewards can include such things as added perquisites, promotions, recognition, and similar elements in the workplace. Research shows that non-monetary rewards can be as important as monetary rewards for many employees and so can serve as motivators for improved performance, making such an approach ideal for any organization or division that has a limited budget or lacks full control of its budget but still needs to use rewards for motivation and job satisfaction. A study reported by the American Management Association (1999) states that organizations that provide both recognition and job performance measurements enjoy higher levels of job satisfaction among their employees. It is also stated that there is a strong statistical correlation between employee satisfaction and increased company profits, a fact supported by a nationwide survey of U.S. workers ..."
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