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Executive-Legislative Relations in Post-Communist Europe, 2001.
A look at the struggles of political stability in post-Communist Eastern Europe and the methods of electing governments and leaders.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
The paper shows the continued struggle between residual Leninism and liberalism in most of the former Soviet bloc. It examines how this battle effects the election processes and legislative institutions in these countries.
From the Paper
"A decade has passed since the extraordinary events that led to the collapse of the Leninist regimes of East and Central Europe. The decade has been filled by high expectations, noble dreams of justice and freedom, as well as by frustrations, neuroses, and painful disappointments. Throughout the last ten years of the twentieth century, some countries of East and Central Europe have initiated and consolidated viable democratic practices and institutions. Others have lagged behind and are still quasi-democracies with little prospects to be accepted into the much coveted and often idealized Western "club." "
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Executive & Legislative Cooperation, 1996.
Examines constitutional division of powers, evolution of executive power & effective ways for president to lead & deal with Congress to implement domestic policy.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 2 sources, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"The role of the presidency has changed in this century as power has shifted among the branches of government. In the formation of the Constitution and the government it supported, the Founding Fathers sought balance within the federal government itself through a separation of powers, the provision placing different governmental powers in the three branches of government--the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. This separation of powers is part of a system of checks and balances. Left out of this formulation is the public, which exercises power through the force of public opinion in the period between elections and at the ballot box during elections. The President comes into office with an agenda which he then tries to get implemented. This can be done in one of three ways: legislation can be introduced in Congress and passed by both..."
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Post-Communist Poland, 2006.
An examination of the post-communist transformation of Poland from a command economy to a market system.
6,700 words (approx. 26.8 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 152.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the privatization process that Poland underwent following the demise of communist control of the country. The paper describes the country's struggles with the transformation from a command economy to a market system as well as the positive results that resulted from the transformation. Additionally, the paper describes the lessons that were learned from the transformation process and concludes with a positive assessment of the country's economic future not only for foreign investors but for local investors as well.
From the Paper
"Even with all these positive results of small privatization in Poland, there were still problems with privatization as a whole in Poland. In September 1990, the Ministry of Privatization prepared and published its Privatization Program, Program Prywatyzacji, where it assumed that between 1991-1995, 50 percent of all enterprises would be privatized. At the time of the publication of the program there was a great deal of optimism that privatization and foreign investment would solve much of the country's economic problems and would be achieved fairly rapidly. "This illusion of rapid privatization became apparent when the newly established Office of the Plenipotentiary for Transformation Changes together with Western experts began preparing the framework for privatization in Poland. The foreign experts focused almost exclusively on a firm-by-firm sale strategy, which was similar to other programs implemented in other parts of the world. This customized approach was likely to bog down for political, economic, and financial reasons before a significant portion of the state firms could actually be privatized."
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Post-Communist Bulgaria and Ethnics, 2002.
A look at ethical subdivisions in Bulgaria.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper examines ethnic divisions in post-Communist Bulgaria. The primary division is between the Bulgar/Bulgarian Orthodox majority and the Muslim/Turk minority.
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Post-Communist Democracy, 2002.
A look at the difficulties of democratizing the former Soviet Union.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that the contemporary situation in post-communist Russia is very much rooted in the anti-democratic features of both pre-Bolshevik and Bolshevik society. Russia has always been authoritarian and anti-individual in nature. These ingredients of the non-democratic mentality have paved the foundation for today's difficulties with reform.
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Pluralism and Democracy in Post-Communist Russia, 2002.
This paper looks at the efforts of and difficulties faced by Russia as it tries to establish pluralism and democracy after the fall of communism.
6,082 words (approx. 24.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 143.95
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Abstract
The writer gives a detailed step-by-step account of the reasons why Russia is struggling to get a foot-hold in a modern democratic world. The paper looks at various issues such as the great diversity of ethnic groups, religions, the vastness of the territory and economic instability.
From the Paper
"This political response to external threats impairs the state?s ability to function, which can result in the deterioration of the state itself. This happens because politics of an ethnically organized nature complicate and confuse the interaction between constitutional and ?everyday politics? (Schopflin 54). The distinction between constitutional politics and ?everyday politics? is that the former deals with issues such as morality, identity, and social integration, while the latter is primarily involved with issues of a material and economic nature (Schopflin 54)."
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Struggling with Values in a Post-Communist State, 2007.
An analysis of the challenges that a Westerner faced while trying to run the Ste. Basil Hotel - a luxury hotel in Moscow.
1,488 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the challenge of operating a business in a foreign country. The case study in this paper presents a specific business situation, describes the prevailing conditions which needed to be addressed, relates the decisions that were made, and examines the consequences of failing to apply sound business and management principles.
Outline:
Introduction
Case Overview
Case Analysis
Lessons Learned
From the Paper
"In a foreign business environment there is always going to be pressure on a manager to conform to prevailing cultural values and attitudes, but businesses succeed or fail in accordance with their adherence to sound business and management principles, not their adherence to cultural expectations. Many of the problems encountered could have been avoided or overcome if top priorities would have been established, such as making decisions based upon sound management principles, delegating authority to subordinate managers only if they have demonstrated competence and reliability, and ensuring that effective assistance could be obtained if corrupt business rivals seek to exploit their connections to undermine
the business or infiltrate it with their own people."
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Post-Communist Nations' Transition To Democracy, 2002.
Compares the presidential and parliamentary systems of democracy and examines some Eastern European countries that are switching from a presidential system to a parliamentary one.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the system of presidential and parliamentary democratic governing and uses the models of the United Kingdom and the United States to illustrate the differences. The paper also looks at the Eastern European Countries who are now in the process of changing their democratic leadership from presidential to parliamentary governing.
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Post-Modernism, Post-War Critical Theory and Marxism, 2003.
A comparative analysis of post-modernist theories with post-war critical theory.
3,148 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 91.95
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Abstract
This paper embarks on an examination of the work of post-war critical theorists Adorno, Horkheimer and Marcuse who capture the dominant themes of post-war Critical Theory well. It proceeds to show how many parallels are evident between post-war Critical Theory and the more recently formulated postmodernist theories. An examination of postmodernist theories then ensues, taking as exemplars the work of Baudrillard, Jameson and Harvey. It concludes by arguing that postmodernist theories do indeed revisit the critique of modern culture, which post-war Critical Theory began and they do so without the political commitment to Marxism. An explanation for this follows, discussing the events which ?shattered a whole generation of French intellectual?s beliefs in the moral supremacy of Marxism? and sheds light on the climate which ultimately paved way for the emergence of postmodernism.
From the Paper
"Advertising encourages individuals to view themselves primarily as consumers, and under the guise of entertainment, audiences are manipulated into accepting and conforming to existing society. Kellner captures this sentiment well claiming ?advertising progressively fuses in style and technique with the entertainment of the culture industry, which in turn can be read as a series of advertisements for existing society and the established way of life? (1989:33). The culture industry is designed to discourage individuals from challenging the given order, to think critically and indeed, think for themselves. ?The need, which might resist control, has already been suppressed by the control of individual consciousness? (1995: 121). Adorno and Horkheimer show how the products of the culture industry are similar to those produced in a factory, sharing their belief that ?under monopoly all mass culture is identical?. (1995: 121)."
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The War Powers Act: An Analysis of Legislative Inanity, 2000.
An opinion piece as to why the War Powers Act is inane, empty and clearly an unconstitutional piece of legislation, the epitome of poorly constructed and inadequately thought out and executed legislation, and should be repealed.
945 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 3 sources, $ 33.95
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From the Paper
"The joint resolution "concerning the war powers of Congress and the President" was passed on November 7, 1973 above a Presidential veto; Congress made the decision to override the veto of President Nixon, a rare legislative occurrence. Such unified support among Congress indicates that the purpose of the act was primarily the self-aggrandizement of Congress, at the expense of the executive branch, compromising the balance of power. The War Powers Act is an inane, empty and clearly unconstitutional piece of legislation, the epitome of poorly constructed and inadequately thought out and executed legislation. It is frequently skirted and is most unclear. Further, it obfuscates responsibility and accountability of government officials. In the interest of the nation, the War Powers Act should be repealed."
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Executive Privilege, 2002.
A discussion of the concept of executive privilege for government officials and whether this is being abused.
1,370 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes and examines the multitude of issues related to the executive branch of government at the federal level. Part II examines the definition and applicability of executive privilege as seen by both the executive and legislative branches. In Part III, past and present controversial use of executive privilege in cases such as Enron and Watergate are outlined. Lastly, this paper concludes with recommendations for improving the use of executive privilege.
From the Paper
"After Vietnam and Watergate, the issue of executive privilege had not registered much of a blip on the radar. However, the recent Enron scandal has allowed Congress to question the validity of the executive privilege argument. In January 2002, Comptroller General David Walker, head of the non-partisan Government Accounting Office, announced that he would sue Vice President Dick Cheney in order to obtain information about the National Energy Policy Development Group that Cheney chaired last year. Walter contended that the unprecedented lawsuit was made necessary by Cheney?s refusal to cooperate voluntarily."
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Congressional-Executive Rivalry in Foreign Policy, 2006.
An examination of the congressional-executive rivalry in foreign policy in the Bush administration.
7,806 words (approx. 31.2 pages), 20 sources, MLA, $ 169.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the congressional-executive relationship and distribution of power in the area of foreign policy. It discusses the George W. Bush administration as a case study to demonstrate the expansion of executive power at the expense of Congress. The paper begins with an overview of the relationship between Congress and the President in the realm of foreign policy. It then examines the presidency of George W. Bush and describes the role the Bush administration has played in expanding its own powers, as well as Congress' role in allowing the administration to do so.
Table of Contents:
The Two Presidencies Thesis
The Modern Era of the Strong Presidency
Explaining the Congressional-Executive Distribution of Power and the Decline of Congressional Power--Delegating Authority in International Affairs
Rise of Assertiveness by Congress in Foreign Affairs
President George W. Bush: A Case Study in the Expansion of Executive Power in Foreign Policy
The Importance of September 11 to the Bush Presidency and the Increase in Executive Power
An Increase in Executive Power through a Reduced Congressional Role and Reluctance of the Executive Branch to Work with Congress
The Iraq War and the War Powers Act Resolution-Congress Permitting an Increase in Executive Powers
Expansion of Presidential Powers by Ignoring and Bypassing Congress
Expansion in the President's Role as Commander in Chief
Spending Powers in the War Against Terror and Iraq
From the Paper
"For Wildavsky, the key to presidential power in foreign policy does not lie in constitutional foundations, but in changes that had taken place in the world since 1945. He cites the growth in the number of Third World nations, the existence of nuclear weapons and the threat of holocaust, and the cold war as reasons why foreign policy tends to drive out domestic concerns. Reasons for this are the speed of international events and their irreversibility. The presidential advantage in foreign affairs is derived from institutional and informational advantages, as the president has greater access to information that other actors and has greater control of expertise, as well as at times widespread public consensus on foreign policy that reflected the Cold War threat. The interconnectedness of foreign policy necessitates that presidents actively engage in all facets of international affairs. Unlike domestic policy, a single foreign policy failure could lead to an array of catastrophic disasters. Wildavsky also suggests that policy preferences are more varied in the domestic arena and therefore more likely to lead to conflict. Moreover, he argues that presidents are successful due to the weakness of other rivals. Rivals for power in foreign affairs not only have fewer resources at their disposal but are "weak, divided, or believe that they should not control foreign policy." The list of potential rivals he includes are: the public, special interest groups, the military, the military-industrial complex, the State Department, and of special interest here, Congress."
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Executive Information Systems, 2002.
An analysis of current market and applications for Executive Information Systems software solutions plus details of a small company and how it benefits when implementing such an executive information system.
1,212 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
The following paper examines how L.L. Bradford and Company, a regional CPA firm, decided to offer its clients full financial services. This paper discusses how such a company that wishes to effectively service their customers and maximize the value of the benefits they can provide, needs to find a software package that can integrate all the existing ?legacy systems? on a relational basis, and allow information that previously had been available only to the auditors through their software to become available to all. The writer also examines how L.L. Bradford chose to buy and customize an off-the-shelf Executive Information System called ?Goldmine?;which allows all departments to have access to the same customer information, allowing for marketing of services, billing, follow-up and other services the company wishes to provide its clients. This paper goes on to prove that the above is a good example of the benefit of Executive Information Systems, as it shows basically what can be done, and how business and communication between business and clients, departments and management, owners and employees can be facilitated to build business and stimulate growth.
From the Paper
"Internet technologies and applications have grown more rapidly than anyone could have envisioned, even as recently as five years ago. They have opened up new means and frontiers of communication, collaboration and coordination between customers, businesses and trading partners.Executive Information Systems, also known as Enterprise Software is an explosively-growing $23 billion a year sub-industry of software for companies looking to use technology to improve virtually every key corporate function ? manufacturing, finance, sales, marketing, human resources and supply-chain management. Executive Information Systems, or Enterprise Resource Planning software, solutions are software solutions that provide a common, consistent system to capture data organization-wide to integrate information across corporate functions and to provide tools for planning and monitoring the various functions and processes towards a common purpose. To compete effectively, companies are challenged to create new products, maximize efficiencies in service, processing and administration, and increase penetration within existing markets, all the while keeping customers satisfied with high levels of service which may span several time zones. While the profitability of corporations is typically measured in dollars, overall success can be measured in terms of profitability plus the attainment of organizational goals. This success derives from a synergy of inputs, including the work of employees who are dedicated, skilled and knowledgeable, and a management team that understands how to inspire competent and motivated performance through sensitive and responsive management of a continually changing workplace."
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How to Reach the Senior Executive Service Employee Level, 2002.
This paper outlines how to reach the Senior Executive Service (SES) employment level in the U.S. - the most prestigious level of managerial position any government-based executive can attain.
2,630 words (approx. 10.5 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
This paper is a description of the process of reaching Senior Executive Service (SES) employment level formed by the Office of Personnel Management (OPM) by comparing the OPM's management's process to that of real world experiences.
From the Paper
"The mixed nature of the merit based system makes it difficult for candidates to enter the SES. Criteria like leadership for instance are mandated according to the need of management trend. Robert Franco, Associate Deputy Director for Civil Rights of the Agriculture Department, has served on the selection panels for SES jobs and SES candidate development programs. Leadership is the core qualifications mandated by the Board because it ?is more important than managerial or technical qualifications," according to Franco. "Most of the problems in government today aren't technical or managerial, but problems of leadership." Having served the SES since 1991, Franco is considered an expert in the application programs. He differentiates managerial and leadership mandates as: "[Leaders] can't sit around and wait for the people upstairs to say what they want," Franco says. "An executive will step right up and say, 'Follow me.' You're moving the organization to something you see way down the road versus focusing only on today's problem." SES aspirants must sell their technical and leadership skills and experiences to all those involved in selection. "The deadliest mistake applicants make is writing solely for the official with the job opening," Franco says [Government Executive, 06-01-1998]. According to this executive, there are 27 core competencies in the core qualification guide but not all of them achievable. The applicant can spend years to prepare for the application of the executive corps but he/she should not aspire to achieve all the 27 competencies."
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Executive Compensation and Stock Performance, 2004.
Evaluation of the "Agency Theory" that led to expansion of stock options in executive remuneration packages.
5,024 words (approx. 20.1 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 126.95
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Abstract
This report evaluates whether or not the hypothesis at the heart of the "Agency Theory", which states that if an executive is given an ownership stake, it will have a positive effect on stock performance, works as expected. Furthermore, this paper tracks the increasing use of the "Agency Theory" in executive compensation and enumerates and evaluates the effects that the increasing use of the "Agency Theory" has had on American business and on stock performance. The paper also evaluates the effect of what has been described as ?over the top? use of increasingly generous, stock-dependent, executive compensation packages, both on stock performance and on other business evaluative factors. The effect of the scandals involving executive compensation/stock performance on the social/commercial fabric of the U.S. is discussed briefly, as well.
Outline
The "Agency Theory", Executive Compensation and Stock Performance
The Effect of Pay on Executive Motivation
The Effect of FASB Rules on Compensation/Stock Performance
From the Paper
"In the wake of the Enron, ImClone and WorldCom financial scandals, the increasing use of stock options as part of executive compensation packages came under public scrutiny. Because of the lax was in which FASB guidelines are written, it was possible, lacking adequate corporate governance, for CEOs to use their stock options to increase their personal wealth while diminishing the strength of the corporation and decreasing?or completely negating?benefits for shareholders. In addition to the problematical FASB rules, also operative was a management theory, the Agency Theory, formulated by academicians and economists in the last century. The theory held that giving executives a financial stake in the financial health of the company would increase their motivation to run those companies for maximum profits for shareholders; in short, this form of executive compensation was thought to be able to produce superior stock performance. The findings of several researchers even before the scandals of the past few years, however, revealed that results often departed wildly from what the theory predicted."
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