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"Executing Justice. Second Thoughts on the Death Penalty", 2002.
Discusses John Dart's opinion of the death penalty based on his article.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
Summary: This paper is written about John Dart's article on the death penalty. The paper discusses Dart's opinion of the death penalty and way it should be stopped.
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Justice and the Death Penalty, 2002.
A presentation of the death penalty as an outmoded form of justice that has no effective role in modern society.
1,100 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how historically, the Supreme Court has supported capital punishment by citing the Fifth and Eighth Amendments and how once the death penalty is inspected beyond the scope of the Constitution, it clearly has no effective role in society today. It discusses the U.S. Supreme Court justices' literalist view of Amendments V and VIII, the Constitution as an evolving document and various death penalty-related legislature passed by Congress. It concludes that the only alternative to the death penalty is to have no death penalty at all.
From the Paper
"Aside from being allegedly arbitrary, the death penalty has been criticized for the finality of the sentence. If, for example, an innocent man is executed, then justice cannot be served. Though the possibility of error is slim to none, Congress has nonetheless been disparaged for passing the Anti-Terrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996. The act not only "set a one-year deadline for submitting a habeas corpus petition after state appeals are exhausted but also limited prisoners to one appeal in most cases.". The implications were clear: Congress sought to deter prisoners from filing repeated and groundless petitions merely to stall their executions."
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Death Penalty: Justice or Outrage?, 2002.
This paper talks about the death penalty and whether it is justice or an outrage. It gives reason for both, but leans more towards outrage.
913 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper debates the three major factors to consider when discussing the death penalty and its practicality in today?s world. First, the effect it has on deterring crime. Second, the faults in the system that leads to innocent people being sentenced to die. Thirdly, the prevailing public outcry against the death penalty and the drive for alternatives.
From the Paper
"The first of these factors is the effectiveness of the death penalty in preventing crime. This is the practical measure of how effective capital punishment actually is. According to a Federal Bureau of Investigation report released in 2000, since the reinstatement of the death penalty over 80% of all executions have taken place in the Southern region of the United States. This is also the region that has the highest murder rate in the country. Conversely, the Northeast region of the United States, which has the lowest murder rate, accounted for less than 1% of all executions (Uniform par.7-8). Another study released by the British Home Office shows that the United States has a murder rate of more than three times many of its European allies that have banned the death penalty (New York Times p. A1-3). These studies are only two of many that have been compiled that give strong evidence showing that the death penalty is not a powerful deterrent to crime, particularly homicide."
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Criminal Justice and the Death Penalty, 2004.
A discussion on whether capital punishment can be considered criminal justice.
2,196 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the use and application of the death penalty has been an issue of examination and discussion by other countries and the international community, as well as the United States, in recent years. It looks at how the United States has not only retained, but expanded its options for using the death penalty, particularly by increasing the number of crimes for which it can be used and by reducing the legal challenges inmates facing the death penalty can use. It puts forward the argument that the process for giving a death sentence as punishment for crimes in the United States is significantly flawed and should be suspended unless and until we, as a country, can demonstrate that it will be applied fairly, equitably, and that no innocent persons will be put to death for crimes they did not commit.
From the Paper
"One example is a woman in Alabama who hired someone to kill her husband after years of physical abuse against both her and her children. She was sentenced to death, but critics report that her court-appointed lawyer came to court so drunk one day that he was put in jail for a day for contempt of court. Her lawyer also either did not find or did not submit the hospital records documenting the violent abuse and injuries. While he did obtain an expert on domestic abuse, it was at the last minute, and the expert had little time to talk to the defendant before his testimony the next day (Bright, 1994). With a more competent lawyer it seems at least possible that she would not have received a sentence of death."
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Death Penalty - The Execution of Saddam Hussein, 2007.
A look at the pros and cons of capital punishment, using the execution of Saddam Hussein as an example.
4,030 words (approx. 16.1 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 109.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the death penalty in the context of the execution on December 30th 2006 of Iraq's ex-president Saddam Hussein. It begins with a brief background of the death penalty (including its history and varying methods used globally) and a brief biography of Saddam Hussein (with an emphasis on his crimes). The pros of executing Hussein are then detailed with reference to how it may act as a deterrent and to how it may be seen as a form of retribution and punishment for his crimes. The paper also looks from the other side at Hussein's execution, paying attention to capital punishment cons such as its possible arbitrariness, wrongful convictions, cruelty and ineffectiveness. The paper tries to be original in that as well as covering all the usual perspectives and attitudes to the death penalty, Hussein's case is presented fairly without prejudice and with a range of varying political (conservative versus liberal), religious (Christian versus Islamic) and personal opinions (including the views of people from all over the world and the authors).
From the Paper
"The 'death penalty' is also known more formally as 'capital punishment' and is the execution of a person who has been convicted in a country's court of law, usually for offences deemed to be of the highest order (known as 'capital crimes' or 'capital offences'). It has probably been around since the apparatus of society needed for it to exist (citizens, the state and courts) has been around. Indeed, the first death penalty laws date back to the 18th century BC in the code of King Hammaurabi of Babylon, which codified the death penalty for twenty-five different crimes. Methods for execution included crucifixion, drowning, beating to death, burning alive and impalement. Historical records show that various primitive tribal communities likely used something similar to the death penalty too. Contrary to popular belief, there was not necessarily a greater rate of executions per capita in such times than at other times. Pre-medieval times were characterized by small communities and members of the community were often reluctant to put to death other members because it would weaken the community and the most heinous crimes such as murder were usually crimes of passion anyway. Financial compensation and isolating the perpetrator of the crime were usually considered sufficient punishment."
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The Death Penalty, 2006.
An analysis of the death penalty: it's history, the pros and cons of using the death penalty and possible alternatives.
2,073 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
The paper investigates the issues surrounding the death penalty, or capital punishment. The writer examines the history of the death penalty and current developments in its execution. The paper explores the pros and cons of using capital punishment; available alternatives; different points of views from different sectors in society; and the common issues involved. The paper concludes that although the death penalty may be warranted in certain cases, one must be prepared for the possibility of a wrongful conviction.
Table of Contents:
I. Introduction
II. Capital Punishment: Death Penalty
A. History of Death Penalty
B. The Pros and Cons of Death Penalty
C. Death Penalty Alternatives
D. Cost
E. 4 Issues of the Death Penalty
1. Deterrence
2. Arbitrariness.
3. Retribution
4. Wrongful Convictions
III. Conclusion
From the Paper
"On the other side, it can't always be expected that just because two crimes from different states appear to be the same, the criminals will be punished similarly. The US court found it unconstitutional to mandate death penalty to all who are guilty of 1st degree murder. Hence, each member of the judicial system is entitled to his or her own judgment on a case-to-case basis. Though there may be some people who get away from being punished with death penalty, it does not follow that everyone should then be spared."
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The Death Penalty, 2008.
This paper argues in favor of the death penalty, using the article "Should the Death Penalty Be Abolished?" "No." by Ernest van den Haag.
1,700 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer introduces and analyzes the topic of the death penalty in America. Specifically, the writer discusses why the death penalty should not be abolished, making use of the article "Should the Death Penalty Be Abolished?" "No." by Ernest van den Haag. The writer argues that the death penalty can help deter crime, and since it is used for the most heinous of crimes, it sends a clear message to criminals that murder will not be tolerated in society. The writer concludes that the death penalty should not be abolished because it is a valid form of punishment in an increasingly violent society.
From the Paper
"There are many societies that punish crime by a like punishment, for example, in many Arab countries a thief is punished by losing a hand. Some people compare this to the death penalty, and maintain it is cruel and unusual because it perpetuates that "eye for an eye" type of punishment. However, some crimes are simply so heinous and violent that no other type of punishment seems valid. A person who violently murders an entire family, or a child, or a pregnant mother deserves to pay the ultimate price for their crimes. They took a life, and they should pay with their life, because it seems to be the only way to truly punish them for their deeds. A good example is Timothy McVeigh, who was convicted of the Oklahoma City Federal Building bombing. He killed over 160 innocent adults and children, and received the death penalty for his crime. In addition, he did not fight or appeal the penalty, and was eventually executed for the crime."
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Death Penalty, 2006.
An argument against the death penalty.
2,304 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper scrutinizes the issue of the death penalty, highlighting grave disparities behind this form of capital punishment. The paper provides arguments against the death penalty that are based on ten main points, all focusing on the need for abolishment of the capital punishment. The paper discusses each of these arguments.
Outline:
There is no Moral and Ethical Justification for Death Penalty
Crime is not the Sole Responsibility of an Individual
System of Sentencing to Death is Unnatural
Death Penalty is not a Deterrent
Death Penalty is Racially Biased
Death Penalty is against Basic Human Rights
Law is not Perfect - Innocents are being Executed
Reducing Public Support for Death Penalty
Is Death Penalty Constitutional?
Death Penalty Impacts on Diplomatic Relations amongst Countries
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Crime has remained an integral part of our society since its inception and will continue to plague it for times to come. Humans are aggressive and violent by nature, and our society is inhabited with such people who are capable of committing heinous acts of violence against their own kind. Despite deliberate efforts of law enforcers, the crime is getting more sophisticated and adopting wider scope. In order to harness the violent nature of mankind, societies evolved rules and regulations commonly known as the laws. Any person found violating these laws is subjected to punishment which not only curtails the criminal's freedom but also serves as a deterrent for others.
The Criminal Law is the body of statutory and common law that deals with crime and the legal punishment of criminal offenses. The criminal law is based on four theories of criminal justice: punishment, deterrence, incapacitation, and rehabilitation. The purpose of criminal law is to retain a peaceful social order (Melchior, pars. 1-3). To fulfill this purpose, a suspect found guilty of an offence is awarded punishment ranging from few months imprisonment to life term. The law also incorporates death penalty to criminals, which over the period of time has been abolished in many countries but is still persisting in United States. It is in fact, one of the most debatable issue in criminal law. There are strong proponents of the death penalty but its efficacy and legitimacy remains a constant irritant. "
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The Death Penalty, 2004.
This paper discusses issues around the death penalty and concludes that there is little suggestion that the debate surrounding the death penalty will ever be resolved.
2,815 words (approx. 11.3 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 83.95
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Abstract
The paper states that the difficulty with the debate over the death penalty often adds up to one in which people are arguing about a certain approach to an abstract ethical system and the experiential reality of those involved in and connected to a death-penalty case, which makes the entire issue suffused with an even more impressive and murky layer of complexity than if it were merely an issue of conflicting theories of jurisprudence. The paper points out that, in all of the issues surrounding the death penalty, it is strange how often the issue focuses on the rights of the killer and how infrequently the feelings and thoughts of the victim?s family are considered in any real depth. The paper concludes that the United States has come to hold an increasingly unique stance in relation to the death penalty, as it is one of the few countries that practices capital punishment and, certainly, the one that practices it with the greatest frequency.
From the Paper
"Indeed, some critics claim that they the argument that families witnessing the execution of death penalty subjects is in fact not beneficial in the least, and that, rather than helping to deal with the stress, it is just as likely to cause damaging psychological effects that may create long-term problems, such as post-traumatic stress disorder. Indeed, one critic of this process conducted a study of 21 journalists who were allowed to witness a public execution in 1994 and discovered that it had severely damaging results on their psyches."
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The Death Penalty, 2002.
This paper discusses that the death penalty is not an effective deterrent.
2,265 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 4 sources, $ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper presents many arguments in opposition to the death penalty as a deterrent. The author asks if in fact the death penalty does serve as a deterrent, why do the many Western countries that have abolished the death penalty have lower murder rates than jurisdictions in the United States that still considers it a viable punishment. The author believes that while the death penalty may serve as a retribution, there is little sociological evidence to support that someone is deterred more by the prospect of being executed than the prospect of a life sentence without possibility of parole.
Table of Contents
Effectiveness of the Death Penalty as a Deterrent to Criminal Homicide
Pros and Cons of Death Penalty
Cost of Life Sentence without Parole vs. the Death Penalty
Recidivism
States That Impose the Death Penalty and Form of Execution
Retribution, the Family and Society
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The effectiveness of the death penalty as a deterrent depends on the degree to which the average criminal actually weighs the consequences of his behavior prior to acting. Criminal homicide is loosely divided into categories based upon level of intention. To the extent that criminal homicide is unintentional or in the heat of passion, the criminal does not weigh consequences at all; and so the criminal would not be deterred by the death penalty. To the extent that criminal homicide is intentional or premeditated, a number of psychological mindsets are possible beforehand. The criminal might assume he will get away with it (and therefore, he does not need to worry about possible punishments). Or, the criminal might think he will get caught."
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The Death Penalty, 2007.
This paper presents the pros and cons of the death penalty.
2,070 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the controversial issue of the death penalty. The author presents the pros and cons of this topic in a list format and also gives a history of capital punishment. Also discussed are alternatives to the death penalty and how differing segments of society view this issue. The paper also considers the financial implications of the death penalty, especially as it relates to the court system. The paper concludes by stating that an opinion on this issue must be based on research.
Outline:
Introduction
Capital Punishment: Death Penalty
History of Death Penalty
The Pros and Cons of Death Penalty
Death Penalty Alternatives
Cost
4 Issues of the Death Penalty
Deterrence
Arbitrariness
Retribution
Wrongful Convictions
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Death Penalty, also referred to as capital punishment, is the lawful execution of a prisoner as a punishment for serious crime, often called capital offense. Being one of the controversial topics in the United States and all over the world, I decided to have my interests focused on doing a research about this topic. "
"As you read along, you might encounter topics that you will find critical. Bear in mind that I am doing this research not to influence your thoughts on this sensitive issue. Each one is still entitled to his opinion in the end. What I would like is to help my readers broaden their knowledge on death penalty by understanding its history and developments. And explore further by presenting the pros and cons behind it, available alternatives, different points of views of the different sectors in the society and the common issues tackled."
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Life and Death: Abortion and the Death Penalty, 2005.
Explains why there is no contradiction in simultaneously viewing abortion as permissible in the early stages of pregnancy but the death penalty as impermissible.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper explains why a woman's views that abortion in the early stages of pregnancy is permissible but that the death penalty is never permissible are congruent and consistent from a moral and ethical standpoint.
From the Paper
"Though Abby rejects the application of the death penalty in all instances she does advocate the permissibility of abortion in the early stages. Despite the seeming contradiction of ethics or morals in these views, Abby's views on abortion and the death penalty are more congruent than they might initially appear. This is because abortion is part of a woman's overall reproductive rights guaranteed by law while the death penalty is often applied in a biased manner and represents state-sanctioned homicide..."
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Death Penalty for Juvenile Offenders, 2005.
This paper discusses the arguments for and against the juvenile death penalty.
1,470 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the U.S. Supreme Court decision "Roper v. Simmons" (2005) holds that the death penalty for juveniles is "cruel and unusual" and as such, the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments of the US Constitution forbid the execution of offenders who were under the age of 18 when their crimes were committed. The author points out that the advocates for juvenile death penalty argue that a murder committed by a 16 or 17 year old is as gruesome as that committed by an adult and that individuals exhibit different ranges of maturity thus some 17 year olds may be more "mature" than other 20 year olds. The paper states that, in opposition to the juvenile death penalty, psychologists and behavioral scientists have long known that adolescents do not yet have a brain ability to reason as adults do, are 'wired' to behave more irrationally than adults and are subjected to hormonal instability.
Table of Contents
Arguments for Juvenile Death Penalty
A Murder is a Murder
Case-to-Case Basis
Deterrence
No Consensus
Arguments against Juvenile Death Penalty
Brain Development
Raging Hormones
Adolescents are Similar to Mentally-Retarded People
Death Penalty is no Deterrent for Juvenile Offenders
No Death Penalty does not mean Complete Clemency for Offenders
Public Opinion
International Stance
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The alleged evidence quoted by anti-capital punishment advocates that death penalty is not a deterrent is inconclusive. The threat of being put to death as a result of committing murder has always proved to be a deterrent throughout human history. There is no reason to assume that such deterrence does not apply to juveniles. As an example, Christopher Simmons (of the Roper v. Simmons fame) was 17 at the time when he and a 15-year old broke into the home of the victim (Shirley Crook) in Missouri; they bound up the woman with electrical wire and pushed her into a river to die. While planning the burglary and murder, Simmons told his friends that even if he were caught, nothing would happen to him because he was a juvenile. If he had known that he would be facing the death penalty he would surely have not committed the crime."
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The Death Penalty, 2005.
This paper discusses the arguments in favor and against the death penalty, especially from the standpoint of the U.S. Constitution, including specific cases.
2,600 words (approx. 10.4 pages), 14 sources, APA, $ 78.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that opposition to the death penalty has focused (1)on the issue of the constitutionality by citing the Eighth Amendment's prohibitions against cruel and unusual punishment to prove their claims, (2) the death penalty is ineffective in reducing incidents of violent crime and (3) it is prohibitively expensive. The author points out that the death penalty proponents believe (1) the death penalty is constitutional because it is specifically mentioned in the Bill of Rights stating that the only constitutional prohibition against the death penalty is that it no person be deprived of life without due process of law (U.S. Const. Amend. V) and (2) the death penalty accomplishes legitimate goals, such as punishment and retribution, which cannot be accomplished by alternative sentences. The paper relates that the one thing that both sides agree upon is the fact that "death is different" (Woodson v. North Carolina, 428 U.S. 280 at 305 (1976)): There is no appeal from the death penalty.
From the Paper
"Death penalty proponents argue that those deficiencies have been remedied by recent Supreme Court decisions. In "Atkins v. Virginia", 536 U.S. 304 (2002), the U.S. Supreme Court determined that executing the mentally retarded is unconstitutional. However, opponents of the death penalty can point out the fact that many states have failed to comply with the Atkins decision. Even though there is evidence that many people currently on death row are mentally retarded, some states have failed to institute any way of determining whether or not inmates currently on death row are mentally retarded. The fact is that mild mental retardation may not be apparent to the casual observer, including trial judges."
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The Death Penalty, 2007.
A discussion on the application of the death penalty around the world.
1,519 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper explains why the death penalty is a violation of fundamental human rights. It discusses some of the the international treaties against the death penalty. The author also explores its application against children, the mentally retarded and others in countries around the world including the United States.
Outline:
Why the Death Penalty is a Violation of Human Rights?
International Treaties Regarding the Death Penalty
Application of the Death Penalty against Children
Death Penalty for Mentally Retarded & Mentally Ill
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"In the United States too, the U.S. Supreme Court by a majority decision on March 1, 2005 in Roper v. Simmons held that death penalty for juveniles was "cruel and unusual" and as such the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments of the US Constitution forbid the execution of offenders who were under the age of 18 when their crimes were committed. (Richey, 2005) The Supreme Court decision has effectively stopped child executions in the USA which had executed more child offenders (a total of 19) than any other country between 1990 and 2003. ("Facts and Figures on the Death Penalty," 2006) The Amnesty International reports that there were four executions of child offenders in 2004 - one in China and three in Iran--and eight child offenders were executed in 2005, all of them in Iran."
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