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Executing Mentally Ill Criminals, 2006.
This paper examines the controversial and much debated issue of executing mentally ill individuals who were sentenced to death in capital punishment trials.
2,394 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
The writer of this paper presents a detailed examination regarding the execution of mentally ill criminals. The writer explores case law, as well as moral issues when it comes to medicating the mentally ill with anti-psychotics so they are well enough to be executed. This paper analyzes the verdicts in several death sentence trials, including the cases of Ford vs. Wainwright and Singleton vs. Norris. In 1986, the U.S. Supreme Court decided that the execution of the mentally incompetent violates the 8th Amendment prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment. A prisoner cannot be executed unless sufficiently competent to understand the nature and reasons for his punishment. This paper also details the recent 6-to-5 decision and the first ruling of its kind, in Singleton vs. Norris, that a mentally ill prisoner may be involuntarily medicated with anti-psychotic drugs to restore his competency for execution. The author examines the issue of executing the mentally ill after forcing them to take medication which has been upheld in several U.S. courts . The logic behind such decisions is flawed for several reasons, which are detailed in this paper.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Getting Worse Before it Gets Better
Works Cited
From the Paper
"The execution of the mentally ill after forcing them to take medication has been upheld in several US courts. The logic behind such decisions is flawed for several reasons. The mentally ill who are so disordered that they cannot function are not forced to stand trial, nor are they required to answer for their crimes. They are allowed an insanity defense that allows them to seek treatment and eventually apply to be released back to society. It does not make sense, that a mentally ill person can be force fed medications so that they become sane enough to be executed, if defendants cannot be force fed medications for the purpose of understanding their crime and standing trial. The health care industry is built on not harming others."
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Executing the Mentally Retarded, 2002.
A paper which argues against capital punishment as a form of punishment for the mentally impaired.
2,477 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
The paper gives a history of the death sentence in America, examining states such as Texas where it is is used more frequently than other states. The paper then examines the issue of executing criminals whose IQ's are low and who are obviously mentally impaired, using the example of Ricky Ray Rector, executed in 1992 in Arkansas, as an example. The paper discusses the laws and guidelines laid down by the constitution on this matter, as well as the stand of the American Association for Mental Retardation (AAMR) which is obviously against executing the mentally impaired. The paper shows the criteria AAMR have to define someone who is retarded. Finally, the paper concludes by arguing against the death sentence for anyone proven mentally impaired.
From the Paper
"Like Ricky Ray Rector, the man who asked the guards to save his dessert so he could eat it after his execution, these people just don't have the mental capacity to fathom what is happening to them. The only 'good' point, if there is one, is that they are not scared to die because they don't really understand what it means to be executed. One man even said that he wanted to "be God's gardener and take care of the animals" (Several, 2002).
While it's good that these people are not frightened, that still doesn't make their execution right. It should be stopped, but lawmakers have not worked hard enough to make that a reality just yet. It's unfathomable to many people how the government can look into the eyes of someone who is profoundly mentally retarded and then have them killed. These people are from all walks of life, ages, and races. Their only commonality is their mental disability, and that makes them vulnerable to our justice system."
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Executing Children, 2003.
Discusses the death penalty sentence of minors in America.
1,464 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the controversial subject of minors being executed for crimes. It explores several cases when minors were sentenced to death for cruel murders committed. The paper argues that although sentencing a minor to death is not a solution to crime, certain circumstances require this type of justice to be meted out.
From the Paper
"The Supreme Court case of Stanford v. Kentucky set the federal minimum age of minors executed. The case actually involved two offenders. First, Kevin Stanford was charged with killing Barbel Poore, who was 20 years of age. Stanford repeatedly raped and sodomized Poore during and after a robbery at a gas station where she worked. He then shot her in the face, then in the back of the head. Does this sound like an act of a child? Another case studied involved Heath Wilkins. He was 16 and a half when he robbed a store and murdered 26-year-old Nancy Allen. After stabbing her 8 times, he left her to die. These do not seem like the acts that a na?ve child would make. These acts were well planned and their consequences were known."
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"Executing Justice. Second Thoughts on the Death Penalty", 2002.
Discusses John Dart's opinion of the death penalty based on his article.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
Summary: This paper is written about John Dart's article on the death penalty. The paper discusses Dart's opinion of the death penalty and way it should be stopped.
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Congressional-Executive Rivalry in Foreign Policy, 2006.
An examination of the congressional-executive rivalry in foreign policy in the Bush administration.
7,806 words (approx. 31.2 pages), 20 sources, MLA, $ 169.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the congressional-executive relationship and distribution of power in the area of foreign policy. It discusses the George W. Bush administration as a case study to demonstrate the expansion of executive power at the expense of Congress. The paper begins with an overview of the relationship between Congress and the President in the realm of foreign policy. It then examines the presidency of George W. Bush and describes the role the Bush administration has played in expanding its own powers, as well as Congress' role in allowing the administration to do so.
Table of Contents:
The Two Presidencies Thesis
The Modern Era of the Strong Presidency
Explaining the Congressional-Executive Distribution of Power and the Decline of Congressional Power--Delegating Authority in International Affairs
Rise of Assertiveness by Congress in Foreign Affairs
President George W. Bush: A Case Study in the Expansion of Executive Power in Foreign Policy
The Importance of September 11 to the Bush Presidency and the Increase in Executive Power
An Increase in Executive Power through a Reduced Congressional Role and Reluctance of the Executive Branch to Work with Congress
The Iraq War and the War Powers Act Resolution-Congress Permitting an Increase in Executive Powers
Expansion of Presidential Powers by Ignoring and Bypassing Congress
Expansion in the President's Role as Commander in Chief
Spending Powers in the War Against Terror and Iraq
From the Paper
"For Wildavsky, the key to presidential power in foreign policy does not lie in constitutional foundations, but in changes that had taken place in the world since 1945. He cites the growth in the number of Third World nations, the existence of nuclear weapons and the threat of holocaust, and the cold war as reasons why foreign policy tends to drive out domestic concerns. Reasons for this are the speed of international events and their irreversibility. The presidential advantage in foreign affairs is derived from institutional and informational advantages, as the president has greater access to information that other actors and has greater control of expertise, as well as at times widespread public consensus on foreign policy that reflected the Cold War threat. The interconnectedness of foreign policy necessitates that presidents actively engage in all facets of international affairs. Unlike domestic policy, a single foreign policy failure could lead to an array of catastrophic disasters. Wildavsky also suggests that policy preferences are more varied in the domestic arena and therefore more likely to lead to conflict. Moreover, he argues that presidents are successful due to the weakness of other rivals. Rivals for power in foreign affairs not only have fewer resources at their disposal but are "weak, divided, or believe that they should not control foreign policy." The list of potential rivals he includes are: the public, special interest groups, the military, the military-industrial complex, the State Department, and of special interest here, Congress."
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Executive Privilege, 2002.
A discussion of the concept of executive privilege for government officials and whether this is being abused.
1,370 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes and examines the multitude of issues related to the executive branch of government at the federal level. Part II examines the definition and applicability of executive privilege as seen by both the executive and legislative branches. In Part III, past and present controversial use of executive privilege in cases such as Enron and Watergate are outlined. Lastly, this paper concludes with recommendations for improving the use of executive privilege.
From the Paper
"After Vietnam and Watergate, the issue of executive privilege had not registered much of a blip on the radar. However, the recent Enron scandal has allowed Congress to question the validity of the executive privilege argument. In January 2002, Comptroller General David Walker, head of the non-partisan Government Accounting Office, announced that he would sue Vice President Dick Cheney in order to obtain information about the National Energy Policy Development Group that Cheney chaired last year. Walter contended that the unprecedented lawsuit was made necessary by Cheney?s refusal to cooperate voluntarily."
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Executive Information Systems, 2002.
An analysis of current market and applications for Executive Information Systems software solutions plus details of a small company and how it benefits when implementing such an executive information system.
1,212 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
The following paper examines how L.L. Bradford and Company, a regional CPA firm, decided to offer its clients full financial services. This paper discusses how such a company that wishes to effectively service their customers and maximize the value of the benefits they can provide, needs to find a software package that can integrate all the existing ?legacy systems? on a relational basis, and allow information that previously had been available only to the auditors through their software to become available to all. The writer also examines how L.L. Bradford chose to buy and customize an off-the-shelf Executive Information System called ?Goldmine?;which allows all departments to have access to the same customer information, allowing for marketing of services, billing, follow-up and other services the company wishes to provide its clients. This paper goes on to prove that the above is a good example of the benefit of Executive Information Systems, as it shows basically what can be done, and how business and communication between business and clients, departments and management, owners and employees can be facilitated to build business and stimulate growth.
From the Paper
"Internet technologies and applications have grown more rapidly than anyone could have envisioned, even as recently as five years ago. They have opened up new means and frontiers of communication, collaboration and coordination between customers, businesses and trading partners.Executive Information Systems, also known as Enterprise Software is an explosively-growing $23 billion a year sub-industry of software for companies looking to use technology to improve virtually every key corporate function ? manufacturing, finance, sales, marketing, human resources and supply-chain management. Executive Information Systems, or Enterprise Resource Planning software, solutions are software solutions that provide a common, consistent system to capture data organization-wide to integrate information across corporate functions and to provide tools for planning and monitoring the various functions and processes towards a common purpose. To compete effectively, companies are challenged to create new products, maximize efficiencies in service, processing and administration, and increase penetration within existing markets, all the while keeping customers satisfied with high levels of service which may span several time zones. While the profitability of corporations is typically measured in dollars, overall success can be measured in terms of profitability plus the attainment of organizational goals. This success derives from a synergy of inputs, including the work of employees who are dedicated, skilled and knowledgeable, and a management team that understands how to inspire competent and motivated performance through sensitive and responsive management of a continually changing workplace."
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How to Reach the Senior Executive Service Employee Level, 2002.
This paper outlines how to reach the Senior Executive Service (SES) employment level in the U.S. - the most prestigious level of managerial position any government-based executive can attain.
2,630 words (approx. 10.5 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
This paper is a description of the process of reaching Senior Executive Service (SES) employment level formed by the Office of Personnel Management (OPM) by comparing the OPM's management's process to that of real world experiences.
From the Paper
"The mixed nature of the merit based system makes it difficult for candidates to enter the SES. Criteria like leadership for instance are mandated according to the need of management trend. Robert Franco, Associate Deputy Director for Civil Rights of the Agriculture Department, has served on the selection panels for SES jobs and SES candidate development programs. Leadership is the core qualifications mandated by the Board because it ?is more important than managerial or technical qualifications," according to Franco. "Most of the problems in government today aren't technical or managerial, but problems of leadership." Having served the SES since 1991, Franco is considered an expert in the application programs. He differentiates managerial and leadership mandates as: "[Leaders] can't sit around and wait for the people upstairs to say what they want," Franco says. "An executive will step right up and say, 'Follow me.' You're moving the organization to something you see way down the road versus focusing only on today's problem." SES aspirants must sell their technical and leadership skills and experiences to all those involved in selection. "The deadliest mistake applicants make is writing solely for the official with the job opening," Franco says [Government Executive, 06-01-1998]. According to this executive, there are 27 core competencies in the core qualification guide but not all of them achievable. The applicant can spend years to prepare for the application of the executive corps but he/she should not aspire to achieve all the 27 competencies."
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Executive Compensation and Stock Performance, 2004.
Evaluation of the "Agency Theory" that led to expansion of stock options in executive remuneration packages.
5,024 words (approx. 20.1 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 126.95
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Abstract
This report evaluates whether or not the hypothesis at the heart of the "Agency Theory", which states that if an executive is given an ownership stake, it will have a positive effect on stock performance, works as expected. Furthermore, this paper tracks the increasing use of the "Agency Theory" in executive compensation and enumerates and evaluates the effects that the increasing use of the "Agency Theory" has had on American business and on stock performance. The paper also evaluates the effect of what has been described as ?over the top? use of increasingly generous, stock-dependent, executive compensation packages, both on stock performance and on other business evaluative factors. The effect of the scandals involving executive compensation/stock performance on the social/commercial fabric of the U.S. is discussed briefly, as well.
Outline
The "Agency Theory", Executive Compensation and Stock Performance
The Effect of Pay on Executive Motivation
The Effect of FASB Rules on Compensation/Stock Performance
From the Paper
"In the wake of the Enron, ImClone and WorldCom financial scandals, the increasing use of stock options as part of executive compensation packages came under public scrutiny. Because of the lax was in which FASB guidelines are written, it was possible, lacking adequate corporate governance, for CEOs to use their stock options to increase their personal wealth while diminishing the strength of the corporation and decreasing?or completely negating?benefits for shareholders. In addition to the problematical FASB rules, also operative was a management theory, the Agency Theory, formulated by academicians and economists in the last century. The theory held that giving executives a financial stake in the financial health of the company would increase their motivation to run those companies for maximum profits for shareholders; in short, this form of executive compensation was thought to be able to produce superior stock performance. The findings of several researchers even before the scandals of the past few years, however, revealed that results often departed wildly from what the theory predicted."
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Save the Street Children in Paraguay, 2004.
Presented as a report to help fund projects for the homeless children in Paraguay.
1,886 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper describes a hypothetical project for helping the street children in Paraguay prepared by the Executive Director of a small non-governmental, non-profit charity organization (NGO). The project report has been prepared for the approval of a donor agency that has allocated one million dollars for the project.
Report Outline
1. Why Paraguay?
2. Country Overview
3. Present Condition of Street Children in Asuncion
4. Mission Statement
5. Strategic Plan: includes Objectives and Scope of project, Monitoring and Evaluation, Sustainability and Future Plan
6. Implementing the Plan: Includes Recruiting, Training, Involving the Community and Budget
7. Likely Problems
8. Likely Outcome
From the Paper
"While there are no precise statistics available, it is estimated that there are approximately 15,000 ?street children? in Asunci?n alone. These children consist of both boys and girls who work in the streets in various occupations, ranging from beggar to street vendor. In addition, there are more than 200 children who live in the streets, and have nowhere to go to sleep at night. (?Human Rights Report? on Paraguay, 2001) A majority of the children who work in the streets have families, but these families are highly dysfunctional: they force the children to bring home a specified amount of money each night, or they are punished by their parents."
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The Role of the American Executive, 2003.
An examination of the role of the Executive (president) from "The Federalist Papers".
2,489 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 0 sources, $ 75.95
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Abstract
The paper is an analysis of Alexander Hamilton's arguments on the Executive and executive power from the Federalist papers. It examines also how Hamilton's ideas on the role of the Executive have changed from the time of the nation's founding to the present day.
From the Paper
"Hamilton?s primary argument in The Federalist Papers, where he defends the institution of the executive branch has to do with what he calls the ?energy of the executive?. He notes in Federalist 70 that energy in the executive is a leading character in the definition of good government while at the same time noting that some my find the idea of an executive to be inconsistent with the principles of Republican government. Those that opposed the executive might have looked to Federalist 37 where Madison claims that the genius of republican liberty assigns power to many hands for short terms while energy requires that power be invested in a single hand for a presumably longer term. This ?single hand? referenced by James Madison is, in all likelihood, a reference to the kind of monarchy that the founders opposed. Among Hamilton?s tasks in The Federalist Papers are not only to prove that the President is not a monarch, but in doing so to create a strong executive that will help lead to a more stable Republic."
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Was Socrates Executed Unjustly?, 2002.
The paper discusses Socrates' execution in 399 B.C.(Burns, p.127), and raises the question as to whether or not his execution was justified.
5,071 words (approx. 20.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 127.95
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Abstract
The writer looks at the great contributions made by Socrates to the field of philosophy through his insistence that all thought and all conclusions be subjected to critical analysis. Socrates entered this philosophical exchange during a period that represented substantial upheaval in the accepted way of thinking. The paper looks at the life and death of Socrates within this historical framework.
From the Paper
"At the time that Socrates was teaching, the biggest faction in philosophical thought were known as the Sophists. The Sophists taught that everything was relative, that there was no absolute good or evil. They believed that man was the highest entity; that ?goodness, truth, justice and beauty are relative to the needs and interest of man? (Burns, p. 126). This belief system, with its skeptical and relativistic outlook, caused a strong counter-reaction among philosophers. Socrates was one of those who taught against the Sophists."
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Executive Compensation, 2004.
An analysis of different types of executive compensation.
890 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the seemingly ludicrous executive compensation packages. The paper attempts to distinguish the relationship between company success and executives' efforts, claiming this to be an indication of how much an executive should earn. The paper examines the different components of high level executive compensation packages: High salaries, large bonuses, generous perquisites and so-called golden handshakes and parachutes.
From the Paper
"Sometimes it seems that the salaries executives make at big corporations are entirely out of proportion with the value added to the firm by their being on the payroll. It makes sense that if someone, anyone, makes a certain wage, then they should be making at least that much money for the company. If someone is pumping gas for $7/hr, then he should be pumping at least $7 worth of gas every hour. If someone else is making $30 million/year at a big corporation, then he should be bringing in at least that much revenue, even if only indirectly. If a $30 million/year executive starts programs at the company that make $100million, then the $30 million the company pays him is well-worth it. The trouble is that it is sometimes hard to decide the degree to which company performance is the result of an exec's contribution."
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Death Penalty - The Execution of Saddam Hussein, 2007.
A look at the pros and cons of capital punishment, using the execution of Saddam Hussein as an example.
4,030 words (approx. 16.1 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 109.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the death penalty in the context of the execution on December 30th 2006 of Iraq's ex-president Saddam Hussein. It begins with a brief background of the death penalty (including its history and varying methods used globally) and a brief biography of Saddam Hussein (with an emphasis on his crimes). The pros of executing Hussein are then detailed with reference to how it may act as a deterrent and to how it may be seen as a form of retribution and punishment for his crimes. The paper also looks from the other side at Hussein's execution, paying attention to capital punishment cons such as its possible arbitrariness, wrongful convictions, cruelty and ineffectiveness. The paper tries to be original in that as well as covering all the usual perspectives and attitudes to the death penalty, Hussein's case is presented fairly without prejudice and with a range of varying political (conservative versus liberal), religious (Christian versus Islamic) and personal opinions (including the views of people from all over the world and the authors).
From the Paper
"The 'death penalty' is also known more formally as 'capital punishment' and is the execution of a person who has been convicted in a country's court of law, usually for offences deemed to be of the highest order (known as 'capital crimes' or 'capital offences'). It has probably been around since the apparatus of society needed for it to exist (citizens, the state and courts) has been around. Indeed, the first death penalty laws date back to the 18th century BC in the code of King Hammaurabi of Babylon, which codified the death penalty for twenty-five different crimes. Methods for execution included crucifixion, drowning, beating to death, burning alive and impalement. Historical records show that various primitive tribal communities likely used something similar to the death penalty too. Contrary to popular belief, there was not necessarily a greater rate of executions per capita in such times than at other times. Pre-medieval times were characterized by small communities and members of the community were often reluctant to put to death other members because it would weaken the community and the most heinous crimes such as murder were usually crimes of passion anyway. Financial compensation and isolating the perpetrator of the crime were usually considered sufficient punishment."
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Slave Executions in the U.S., 2005.
This paper describes the nature and frequency of slave executions, which were rooted early into the social fabric of United States society.
2,725 words (approx. 10.9 pages), 22 sources, APA, $ 81.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, one of the most common punishments during the pre-Civil War years was the execution of slaves, however, not all slaves were black. Both blacks and whites were indentured servants during the colonial period and there was very little distinction made between them. The author points out that throughout the history of United States' criminal justice, black males have been disproportionately executed more often for rape crimes than any other racial and ethnic groups. The paper relates that, an added dimension to slave executions in the United States is that states often compensated slave owners for the loss of executed slaves to prevent owners from concealing slaves accused of capital crimes and to shift the costs of public justice to the public at large.
From the Paper
"Free black people comprised a sizable population in the United States during slavery. The free black population numbered 59,466 and comprised about 8 percent of the overall black population in the United States in 1790, but by 1860 the free black population increased to 488,070 and comprised about 11 percent of the overall free black population. Northern states had the highest proportion of free blacks in their population during this period. While the absolute number of free blacks is comparable for northern and southern states, there is considerable variation in the representation of free blacks as a proportion of the black population for these regions. In northern states, free blacks numbered 27,109 and comprised about 40 percent of the black population in 1790; by 1860 the entire black population in the North was no longer living in bondage."
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