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Evolution of Western European Art, 2005.
Looks at the history of Western European art.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 1 source, $ 26.95
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Abstract
The paper considers the important aspects of Western European art. It looks at the evolution of art through the ages and the conditions which seemed to encourage artistic growth and achievement. The paper considers periods of time when certain forms of art were popular and reviews some styles in art, with special reference to the nature of realism.
From the Paper
"The history of art, worldwide, is a large and daunting subject, one that spans millennia. Yet, the history of art in any one given era or one particular geographic location is equally expansive and daunting. This paper shall take a look at some of the overall evolution, style, and creativity that has occurred during the past few centuries in the realm of Western European art. From the Renaissance to more modern times, certain styles have been championed and fallen out of favor, the quality of art and the thought behind it has come and gone. This essay shall deal with which periods and conditions seemed to encourage artistic growth and achievement, the rise, fall, and nature of realism in art, as well as other styles and levels of quality that have appeared."
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Evolution of Western Thought, 2003.
A look at Max Horkheimer?s interpretation of the evolution of Western thought, as compared to that of Immanuel Kant.
1,420 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
Throughout modern history, no other period of human evolution has had a greater effect on the way people think than the Enlightenment. The philosophers and great thinkers of the Enlightenment changed the logic of the human mind for the better and propelled a period of mass advancement in all aspects of society. Western thought progressed over time to help build a more intellectual society. This paper looks at how modern philosophers such as Max Horkheimer and Immanuel Kant incorporated their views of Western thought into their political writings.
From the Paper
"Western thought is defined as the rational and critical inquiry into basic principles. Western thought is often divided into the four main branches of metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, and aesthetics. Metaphysics is the investigation of ultimate reality. Epistemology is the study of the origins, validity, and limits of knowledge. Ethics studies the origins, validity, and limits of knowledge. Aesthetics is the study of the nature of beauty in the fine arts. Western philosophy is usually considered to have begun in ancient Greece as an assumption about the underlying nature of the physical world. In its earliest form it was indistinguishable from natural science."
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The Evolution of Western Political Thought, 2006.
An analysis of the growth and change of political thought from the time of the Babylonians to the Greeks and Romans.
1,307 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
The paper uses the Code of Hammurabi, the Funeral Oration of Pericles, and Polybius' discussion of the Roman constitution, all as examples of the political thought present in each author's culture. It then compares and contrasts those political thoughts and ideas.
From the Paper
"In the course of historical research, it would seem, one of the primary goals is to seek out recognizable patterns of development, and of similarities and differences as well. One of the major ways of doing so is in the comparison of whatever written documents have survived a culture. For instance, one can draw some interesting conclusions from studying various sources from the ancient Babylonians, Athenian Greeks, and Romans. Within the frame of the western tradition each of these cultures effectively developed the ideas of the previous cultures further. The Athenians drew from the Babylonians, and the Romans expounded on the works of both cultures. This can be seen by a comparison of the Code of Hammurabi, the Funeral Oration of Pericles, and Polybius' discussion of Rome's constitution in his histories. Though each culture, as demonstrated through the above works, differed in many ways from the others, the earlier ones were doubtlessly the building blocks for more sophisticated and modern ways of thought that followed."
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Western European and English Political Parties, 2004.
This paper discusses Western European and English political parties, based on the assumptions of Rokkan?s and Lipset?s freezing hypothesis.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Lipset and Rokkan based their freezing hypothesis on the assumption that if men were given equal right to vote, then a level of social freezing would take place, limiting the emergence of oppositional parties. The author believes that, although much interpretation of mass politics in Western Europe is derived from Rokkan?s and Lipset?s freezing hypothesis, this approach suffers from two problems: it pays little attention to the underlying values, as opposed to issues, which inform class and religious, and treats the relationship between social divisions and party politics as too deterministic, leaving little room for the human element in political movements, political leadership. The paper stresses the proof the freeze hypothesis needs to be reconsidered can be found in the success of alternative parties in Western Europe and England, such as the Green party.
From the Paper
"For the radical right party , or of Germany, this means appropriating the dominant concept that they are the true measure of the nation and nationhood. The parties which develop a ?radical right? position market themselves as nationalist, those who stand for the true values and priorities of the nation. The alternative parties, such as the Green party in England, tend to cast themselves as the respresenters of interests which are being ignored by the tradidional parties. By the efforts of these radical interest parties, minority interests have been able to move from the being perceived as a radical poitical fringe group to a party which is accepted in the mainstream. Because of the radical right's claim to represent ordinary people against an allegedly corrupt political class, their nationalistic counter-discourse cannot be too far from traditional concepts of nationhood that are available as cultural symbols to large segments of the public. As a result, the radical right dramatizes the vulnerability of the nation in times of a real or presumed crisis. During a time when traditional nationalism is at a low ebb, the alternative parties are able to make large in roads into the public consciousness."
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Paleolithic Arts and the Evolution of Culture., 2002.
A look at the history of art by focusing on Paleolithic arts.
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses prehistoric art in the context of two particular features: one, the most dominant forms of this art are "portable" graphics, suggesting that iconic art was mobilized throughout geographic areas, and second, that much of this artwork is intextricable from technological innovations in carving, etching, "pecking/chipping" and shaping various mediums such as bone, ivory, horns, antlers, and softer stones.
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Evolution of the European Union, 2006.
An examination of the origins of the European Community and current challenges faced by this union.
1,415 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 13 sources, APA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an overview of the European Community. It describes the initial formation of the European Union from the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) until the present. The author argues in favor of the necessity of European cooperation and describes the historical influences that have led to the current status of the European Union. Current issues within the EU are also discussed. The paper is well cited with 12 internet references.
From the Paper
"For the most part the effects of WWII on the whole of Europe were both disastrous and expansive. After this Great War and consequent destruction it became the desire of many Europeans to ensure that an event such as WWII never again would tear Europe apart. In the beginning some, including Winston Churchill, were in favor of forming a European federation government similar in construct to the United States of America. As a result of this sentiment the Council of Europe was formed but remained largely restrictive."
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temporarily unavailable
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The Evolution of the European Manuscript, 2004.
A history of the development of the manuscript in Europe, particularly the illuminated manuscript.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper gives a brief history of the evolution of the European manuscript. The paper begins with the invention of the Roman codex, then describes the development of Merovingian and insular manuscripts. Next, it discusses the Carolingian Renaissance of the 8th to early 10th centuries. In the medieval period, the manuscript developed through Romanesque, Gothic, and High Gothic phases, and the quantity of books and genres greatly increased. By the Renaissance, England and France had passed their zenith as centers of illumination, but manuscript production in Italy and the Netherlands began to flourish. The final period discussed is the late Renaissance revival of Roman themes. By this time, movable type had overtaken manuscript creation as the primary form of bookmaking.
From the Paper
"After the Carolingian Renaissance came the Romanesque period, which many consider to be the "golden age of illuminated manuscripts." This period took place in the 11th and 12th centuries in England and France, but did not reach its height in Germany until the 13th century. All elements of the Romanesque manuscript were in harmony: the proportions of lettering and text, the page texture, and the polychromatic illumination. Pages were decorated with 'increased economy and concentration." Initials were the central feature and were decorated with foliage scrolls "inhabited by biting beats, birds, and climbing human figures." Word separation, which had begun in Ireland, was introduced on the continent. During the 12th century, books became larger and developed a two-column format. In this century, tables of contents and indices were added. Romanesque manuscripts showed a widening range of themes. There were more classical works, saints' lives, and chronicles; scientific, legal, and philosophical manuscripts also appeared."
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Cultural Evolution vs. Biological Evolution, 2008.
A comparison and contrast over cultural evolution with biological evolution.
1,583 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper explains the concept of cultural evolution and compares and contrasts cultural evolution with biological evolution. The paper discusses the effect of the historical or cultural environment on the development of cultural evolution and looks at the study of cultural anthropology and the various opinions that exist on the ability for evolution of culture to occur at all.
From the Paper
"The social sciences must take into consideration cultural perceptions, even if these perceptions are biologically in error. The human race has far more in common with one another than it has differences, but culturally individuals have perceived and classified other individuals according to 'races,' including Darwin himself in some of his less enlightened moments. Cultural evolution and anthropology aims to understand how these perceptions have affected human culture, but biological evolution merely takes note of this factual error. Obviously, the biological fiction of race, and the fact that an apparently Caucasian individual can have the genetic material of someone who is African, even if these traits are not dominant in his or her physical configuration, acts as a profound question to the assumptions of our culture. The limits of our own culture challenge the idea that there is a linear, positive progress to cultural evolution of ideas and practices (such as industrialization making the world less habitable). The insight biological evolution provides about race shows that there can be fruitful methodological dialogue between cultural and biological evolutionists, but the two approaches will never study the same discipline, nor can the use the same methods. The biological question: 'Are there races within the human species' is a different question than the cultural query: 'why do cultures continue to subscribe to the divisive idea that there are innate differences between different groups of the human species?""
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European Communities and the European Court of Justice, 1990.
This paper examines the role of the European Court of Justice in the political integration of the member states of the European Communities: European cooperation in economics, national interests, law and integration of actions and policies.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 11 sources, $ 55.95
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From the Paper
"This research examines the role of the European Court of Justice in the political integration of the member states of the European Communities. The Court of Justice is a body of the European Communities. There are several sub-communities of the European Communities, of which the most widely known is the European Economic Community.
Integration in Europe
Within the context of international regional integration, there are five levels--(a) free-trade area, (b) customs union, (c) common market, (d) economic union, and (e) political union (Grosse & Kujawa, 1988). Each successive level involves a greater degree of integration. At the lowest level of integration, the free-trade area, tariffs are eliminated on the ... "
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The European Union (EU) and Western Europe, 2004.
This paper discusses that history of the European Union and its effect on the region and its member states.
2,750 words (approx. 11.0 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 82.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the concept, which years later became the EU, began in 1948 as the Organization for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC), whose job it was to advance the rebuilding of war-torn Europe and to help distribute American financial aid (Marshall Aid) for Western Europe. The author points out that, while the overall trend is toward greater regionalization in Europe, there is a great deal of variation among countries, with the smaller countries such as Finland, Ireland, the Netherlands, Sweden, and Denmark demonstrating little change. The paper concludes that all European countries need a more decentralized system that promotes effective and efficient public service, increased transparency, and accountability.
From the Paper
"Basically, Belgium?s commitment to the process of unification after the war has placed it in its current position of power (International Herald Tribune, 2003). At the heart of Europe since the 1950?s, Belgium has embraced most core EU polices, from the creation of a single currency to the abolition of passport controls within the Schengen zone (Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal and Spain). A stable democracy with a decentralized government, Belgium has low inflation and slow but steady economic growth, forecast to reach 1.8 percent in 2004. The country has grown over the past three decades into a decentralized state, whose power rests with the three regional governments: Flanders in the north, Wallonia in the south and Brussels as an autonomous region near the center of the country. With one of the EU?s most open economies, Belgium welcomes foreign investment, and its economic policies do not distinguish between domestic and foreign companies."
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Evolution, 2002.
A comprehensive analysis of the theory of evolution, belief in evolution, and its effect on student behavior.
2,716 words (approx. 10.9 pages), 17 sources, MLA, $ 81.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the impact of believing in evolution, on the behavior of students by describing both the evolutionary theory and its various effects. The paper presents the considerable debates on the issues of evolution and creationism. The writer claims that evolution is usually held responsible for inducing immorality among its followers.
Introduction
Evolution or Creation
Evolution and Ethics
Evolution and Morality
Evolution and the Value of Human Life
Co-Existence of Evolution and Religion/Morality
Belief in Evolution and Behavior of a Student
References
From the Paper
"The theory of evolution that man is just another animal in the line of living forms, attaches the same value to a man?s life as the value that is attached to an animal. As a result, in presence of evolutionary claims, there is no rule that could regard a man?s life as more important than an animal?s and therefore worth treating any differently. Such a belief tends to lead, inevitably to unethical code of conduct. For instance, in January, 1973, the United States Supreme Court, in a 7-to-2 vote, decided that the human embryo growing within the human womb cannot be defined as ?human? and as a result, it can be subjected to any kind of maltreatment. According to Darwin, an evolutionist, since the weaker members of society are unfit and, by the laws of nature, cannot survive, a baby growing in the womb cannot survive either unless helped by a stronger being. Unless the mother, a stronger being, is bound by a moral code, she will not help a baby grow. This will, in the long run, inevitably lead to extinction of human race."
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Evolution, 2004.
A discussion of the definition of evolutionary theory, as well as the causes and evidence of evolution.
2,043 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the term ?evolution? evokes varied connotations and how, in simple and direct terms, it is a process of change or development over a long period of time. It looks at how, in general, evolution refers to biologic or organic evolution, which is the formation and development of life on earth.
Outline
Theory of Evolution
Causes of Evolution
Population Dynamics and Evolution of Population
Evidence of Evolution
From the Paper
"The evolutionary theory explains these aspects. Evolutionary theory proposes that all species probably evolved from a single form of life, which existed about three and half billion years ago. Over the ages, the original basic form of life is considered to have evolved into more species and these, in turn, into many other species. This ?speciation? process as it is called led to the development of over 10 million species that live on earth today. The idea of speciation leads to another essential idea underlying it - the idea of common ancestry. As all species evolved from one basic life form, it is implied that any two species once had a common ancestor. But how can the idea of common ancestry are explained in the light of widely varying species? "
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"Dancing to Evolution?s Tune", 2004.
This paper reviews Robert Wright's "Dancing to Evolution's Tune," which examines the neurobiological concept of evolution.
815 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that in his book, "Dancing to Evolution's Tune," Robert Wright elucidates on the important role of motivation in evolution and how the genes are self-programmed to achieve this. The author points out Wright's concept that our genes have deliberately destined us to dabble in a world of pleasure and pain for evolutionary reasons, all the time keeping us well absorbed in the illusion because they cannot be satisfied. The paper relates that this evolutionary genetic scheme seems to confirm the truth in our spiritual doctrines because all the religions of the world have one thing in common; they all have propounded the futility of chasing after desires and fleeting pleasures.
From the Paper
"Nature has used happiness as a bait to motivate living beings and to propel them into action. Happiness is thus a reward that man receives when he carries on the duties of maintaining his bodily functions- nourishing himself, procreating and extending his heritage. The genes control the neurochemistry behind the feelings of happiness. On cogitation it is revealed that our basic impulses are meant to serve the main purpose of gene proliferation rather than for our psychological well being as it appears at the outset. Over the last decade scientists have found out the significant role of the neurotransmitter dopamine in giving the feeling of happiness and satisfaction."
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Evolution of Police Work, 2006.
This paper discusses the evolution of police work and the evolution of American communities over the past fifty years.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 10 sources, $ 106.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews how policing has evolved over the last half-century. Along the way, the paper examines organizational developments, changes in the relationship between the general public and police officers, and changes between rank-and-file officers and their superiors. Not to be overlooked, the paper pauses to reflect on changes in personnel and also delves into some broad theories which have proved influential. In the end, the paper concludes that policing today is better than in the past and adjusted capably to a half-century of change.
From the Paper
"American policing has undergone many profound changes over the past several decades. From being authoritarian, punishment-focused and top-down only a couple of generations ago to being a more collaborative, educative and bottom-up organization today, policing in America's urban centers has changed in ways that mirror the broader changes in American society. The following paper examines the evolution of police-community interaction over the past half-century and also examine how the attitudes of police officers have changed as the world around them has changed."
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