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Evolution of Management Theories, 2005.
This paper traces the evolution of management principles from the classical school to the present.
1,356 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper traces the evolution of management principles from the classical school to the present. The paper also compares, contrasts and relates one or more of the different schools of management theory and practices in the current work environment.
From the Paper
"Authoritarian or traditional management is the classical model of military governance applied to civilian purposes. Managers under an authoritarian doctrine value order, precision, consistency and obedience. Classical management theory originated during the industrial revolution that began in the late ?s. It required companies to look for the single best way for workers to perform tasks. The classical management model required senior managers to deal with everyday problems throughout the organization and at the same time to focus on tactical and strategic decision."
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Management Theories: Value-Based Management, 2006.
A discussion regarding the evolution of management theories, focusing primarily on value based management.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 8 sources, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper outlines why a change management initiative informed by Value Based Management theory is one that stands to benefit a generic retailer interested in improving the fiscal bottom line. The paper briefly discusses what value based management theory is and looks at how the theory allows an organization to isolate value drivers that can determine long term success or failure.
From the Paper
"Management theories are always evolving and new ones are emerging, literally, every day. For example, there are management theories for dealing with different people within an organization, theories for dealing with crisis or with change, and theories dealing with acquisition integration and with organizational entrepreneurialism. In spite of this, a case can be made that value-based management (VBM) is as good a theory as exists for balancing an organization's management needs with "bottom-line" effectiveness. With that in mind, the following paper will explore the implementation of a change management initiative (within a hard goods retail organization) that focuses upon revitalizing the organizational warehouse, delivery and gross margin performance of the corporation using value-based management theory. "
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Management Theory, 2008.
A discussion on the evolution of schools of management theory.
1,760 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, ever since the beginning of studying management in the late 1800s, management theory has progressed through different schools. The paper describes decades of various management theories and suggests that the number of schools indicates that there is no agreement on the best strategy. The paper concludes that today managers have to deal with an entire corporate system rather than dealing with single parts; therefore, it is important to understand and strategically plan for a whole system by applying a balanced approach to management.
Table of Contents:
The Classical School
Scientific Management: 1880s
Administrative Management: 1940s
Bureaucratic Management: 1920s
The Behavioral School
Human Relations: 1930s
Behavioral Science: 1950s
The Quantitative School
Management Science and MIS: 1940s
Production and Operations Management: 1940s
Systems School: 1950s
Contingency School: 1970s
From the Paper
"There was a group of experimenters, which included Clair Turner, Fritz J. Roethlisberger, and Elton Mayo, that began the Hawthorne Experiments in 1924, continuing them through the early 1930s. They concluded that workers' attitudes have a lot to do with their productivity. They also found that the workplace is a social place to be and that groups there were very influential on other workers' behavior. Supervision was also found to be important to job satisfaction. They concluded that workers and managers must cooperate and collaborate in order to achieve productivity."
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Evolution of Management Styles, 1992.
An examination of past and present management styles and offers a distinction between managers and entrepreneurs.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 3 sources, $ 39.95
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From the Paper
"Management
Management is the art of getting things done through people and other resources (Nickels, p. 302). In the past, the model was that of a "boss" who exercised autocratic control over his subordinates. Discipline and firing were common tools used in ensuring productivity on the part of employees. If a worker performed poorly, his pay would be cut or he would be demoted, with a warning that next time, he would be fired. The common philosophy used by such managers in days past, emphasized the "stick" rather than the "carrot" with respect to subordinates. The idea of being a "tough boss" prevailed in most business circles, and employees were often treated more like children than adults. Thus, until a few decades ago, management emphasized the autocratic approach vis-a-vis the treatment of the workforce."
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Management Evolution Theory, 2006.
This paper discusses the evolution of management principles from the theories of the classical school to the present.
1,514 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer looks at the evolution of management principles, from classical theory (closely linked to scientific management theory) to the present. This includes three major stages, or schools of thought: (1) the classical school; (2) the human relations school; and (3) the human resources school. In this essay, the writer explores the evolution of the classical; human relations; and human resources schools of management theory. The writer also compares, contrasts and explains key differences between these three management theories. The writer also touches briefly on a few of today's other, more recent, management theories: systems theory; contingency theory; quality theory; reengineering theory and chaos theory.
From the Paper
"Classical-style management, on the other hand, is exemplified within organizations like IBM; Hitachi; Wal-Mart, and others. In fact, human relations-style management seems to have mostly gone out of style in most of today's organizations, particularly larger ones. Many times, companies like Wal-Mart or Starbuck's, with their stock option opportunities and other employee perks, seem to try to create an effect of employee inclusiveness, but such perks are in fact mere gestures within an essentially top-down (classical) organizational structure. In corporate life today, "top down" classical management is, although the oldest, also the most common. Increasingly, moreover, even non-profit entities like colleges and universities which used to practice (or at least had a reputation for practicing) principles like shared governance, are instead using top-down, hierarchical-type management approaches and systems."
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The Role of Natural Selection in the Theory of Evolution, 2002.
This paper discusses various theories of evolution, then focuses on Charles Darwin's theory. Specifically, the paper explores how his idea of natural selection fits into the scheme of species development.
2,388 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
The writer explores the topic of species development and the ways in which different theories of evolution have arisen from different mechanisms proposed to be behind the changes in species. Darwin's theory of natural selection answers the question of species develop over time.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Various Historical Theories
Darwinian Evolution
Variation
Natural Selection
Survival of the Fittest
Difficulties of Darwin?s Theory
Conclusions
From the Paper
"Darwin based his natural selection on the idea that if there were no checking factor, all organisms have to potential to breed their population to quantities that vastly outweigh the numbers actually seen. Since this does not happen, there must exist some factor that limits the population of the species. He explains, in depth, the geometric progression of population growth. Perhaps the most basic example is that of bacteria; each bacteria can divide into two identical bacteria in a matter of hours. We would start with one, which would divide into two, which would divide into four and so one. In a matter of days, millions of bacteria would exist. Animals and plants have the ability to breed in a similar geometric fashion. Yet something keeps populations in check. There are a myriad of reason why a population would be kept in check. The overall title to these checks Darwin assigned was Natural Selection."
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God and the Theory of Evolution, 2007.
A look at the defense of the cosmological argument for the existence of God against the theory of evolution
1,444 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper attempts to defend the cosmological argument for the existence of God against the theory of evolution by presenting arguments in favor of the cosmological argument, refuting some of the major objections against it and elaborating the weaknesses of the evolutionary theory.
Outline:
The Cosmological Argument
Criticisms of the Cosmological Argument & their Refutation
The Theory of Evolution
Does the Theory of Evolution Negate the Cosmological Argument?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Man has sought to unravel the mysteries about the origins of the universe, life, and mankind itself since times immemorial. Philosophers, theologians, and scientists have thought hard and deep through the ages and put forwarded divergent theories about the mystery. These have eventually boiled down to two major and contrary ideas, i.e., the "evolutionary" theory that life was created by pure chance and has over time evolved into ever-more complex forms of life through a process of natural selection, and the theist argument that an outside supreme force (God) was responsible for the start of the universe and life. The "Cosmological Argument" for the existence of God and the "theory of evolution" best represent the two divergent schools of thought on this important argument."
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Evolution Theory, 2002.
The theory of evolution and the role of natural selection.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 7 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the theory of evolution and the role of natural selection in that theory. Different evolutionary theories were proposed in history due to different mechanisms thought to drive the evolutionary process. Some of these are mentioned in this paper before delving into Darwin's theory. Finally, some objections to his theory are mentioned and discussed.
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Theory of Evolution, 2002.
This paper discusses Darwin's theory of evolution.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Darwin's theory of evolution rejected the notion of Creation and argued that species evolved on their own and were mutable by their very nature. The author argues that while the theory of natural selection is valid, Darwin might have gone too far in dismissing the existence of God. The paper states that evolution and Creationism are not necessarily mutually exclusive.
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Darwin's "Theory of Evolution", 2005.
An assessment of the social impact of Charles Darwin's "Theory of Evolution" on 19th century America.
3,887 words (approx. 15.5 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 106.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how although Charles Darwin had a major impact on the changing of British society, in America it reached a higher social standing primarily as a result of American society and culture at the time. It looks at the reasons that social Darwinism flourished in America as opposed to Britain and how the publication of "The Origin of Species" in America sparked a radical change in how evolutionism was viewed.
From the Paper
"When Darwin wrote the Origin of the Species in 1859, it was not his vision that the controversial book would become popular among the working class society in nineteenth century Britain. The book was extremely dense, detailed and initially was only read among middle class Victorians. However a group of scientists that received the first copies of the book used the revelations within its pages to attack the elite in Britain and soon became the 'exemplars of the challenge posed by men of science to the cultural authority of the clergy.'"
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Theory of Evolution, 1991.
This paper discusses the emergence of the theory of evolution as a scientifically accepted paradigm in context of Thomas Kuhn's ideas on scientific revolution.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 9 sources, $ 95.95
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From the Paper
"The purpose of this research is to examine whether the actual history of science regarding the theory of evolution bears out Thomas S. Kuhn's thesis of the structure of scientific revolutions as following patterns of discovery, development of a paradigm, the emergence of anomalies producing crisis, and the development of new paradigms, all of which lead to a shift in the overall scientific world view. The plan of the research will be to set forth the historical-scientific concept in which Darwin's theory of evolution arose, and then to explore the details of theoretical development that appear to reflect elements of Kuhn's frame for analyzing scientific revolutions. As appropriate, both scientific and what might be termed the extra-scientific elements of prevailing culture will be cited, with a view toward showing that the emergence of an evolutionary world view had implications ... "
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Darwin's Theory of Evolution, 2006.
An analysis of the phenomenon and controversial issue of evolution, within the context of Darwin's theory.
1,802 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 14 sources, APA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper defines Darwin's theory of evolution and looks at the controversial debate about the creation of humans as well as the influence science has had on the matter. It also discusses how, from the Scope's Monkey Trial to the present day court battles over science textbooks, the validity of evolution remains a question for which an answer is still sought.
From the Paper
"Trouble over finding transitional fossils, and proving how evolution actually works has led some evolutionists to forge the evidence. Eager to prove to the general public that humans evolved from apes in Africa, paleontologists search for 'missing links', in this case, ape men that finish the puzzle. Unbeknownst to most, many of these ape-men are frauds. Paleontologist Henry Osborn, in 1922 observed one lone tooth fossil found in Nebraska, US. After convincing himself it was from an ape-man, Osborn titled his find 'Nebraska Man'. After intense study and research, the tooth was found to be that of a peccary, but only after an English artist publicized a picture of Mr Nebraska Man along with his wife on a barren landscape. The evolutionary scientific community supported a hoax by promoting the Nebraska man. "
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Theory of Evolution, 2006.
An overview of Darwinism and the controversy surrounding this theory in U.S. schools.
1,458 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
The concept of evolution embodies the belief that existing animals and plants developed through a process of gradual and continuous change from previously existing forms. This paper traces Charles Darwin's Theory of Evolution. It examines how the idea of this theory has been met in the U.S. educational system and how it is dealt with by lawmakers. The paper also examines alternative theories on evolution.
From the Paper
"Scientific creationism is considered a pseudoscience, however, a number of states passed laws requiring that creationism be taught in school as an alternative to evolution, yet a Federal court in 1982 considered an Arkansas law to be a pretext for teaching religious views and declared it unconstitutional, (Dutch pp). Although defeated in the courts, creationism continues to thrive at the grass-roots level and opponents of evolution focus their efforts at influencing school curricula at the local level and have had such a national impact the many textbook publishers, for fear of losing sales, water down the evolution content of their texts, "reinforcing the misconception that evolution is little more than an opinion held by some scientists" (Dutch pp)."
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Management and Operations Management Theory, 2006.
A look at the four functions of management and the operations management theory.
1,147 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
The functions of management and operations management go hand in hand. This paper defines the four functions of management - planning, organizing, leading (motivating) and controlling, together with the operations management theory. It then provides an analysis of how the functions of management affect the operations management.
Outline
Abstract
The Four Functions of Management
Operations Management Theory
Impact of Management Function on Operations Management
Conclusion
From the Paper
"As the goal of organizing is to produce better results, similarly leading or motivating is necessary for an organization to extract maximum performance out of the workers. With appealing incentives, workers would work honestly and put in their best. This in turn would save the company time and there would be a complete control of the managerial department over things like production control and quality control. When an employee is rewarded for work hard done, then it is only natural that they would put in the most effort. An employee would by nature be well-organized thus bringing the load off the managerial department as far as quality control is concerned. It would also give a higher rate of production and an organization can comply with increasing demands."
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Care Management and Case Management, 2008.
This paper discusses current challenges in the healthcare system and offers case management and care management as a path to the solution.
1,123 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This essay states that the greatest challenges in the healthcare system currently consist of controlling costs, improving clinical outcomes, and ensuring quality care. Barriers to those goals include the nursing shortage, a rapidly aging population, competition, and reduced government reimbursement. This article addresses the most problematic issues in healthcare today but offers direction for their solutions rather than facile solutions. The paper goes on to claim that the overwhelming question for the current healthcare system presently concerns how to improve quality while reducing costs. Case management and care management are two valuable strategies which can control costs while improving clinical outcomes and ensuring quality care.
Outline:
Introduction
Rationale
Case Management vs. Care Management
Attempts for Quality
Journal Selected for Submission
From the Paper
"The current nursing shortage appears to be intractable. Recent government downsizing and cutbacks have been followed by reduced funding for the healthcare system that is about to be overwhelmed by the baby boom generation. Never have there been so many obstacles to cost-effective, quality care. Two choices are available: case management and care management, with the latter actually being the common alternative. High-risk patients need individual case management but the vast majority of patients require some form of care management (Doyle et al., 2003). Care management is evidence-based practice since such practice is an essential element in clinical pathways and protocols. Even though standard pathways are used, stringent pathways are being eliminated since evidence-based protocols and guidelines are becoming the norm."
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