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Cultural Evolution vs. Biological Evolution, 2008.
A comparison and contrast over cultural evolution with biological evolution.
1,583 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper explains the concept of cultural evolution and compares and contrasts cultural evolution with biological evolution. The paper discusses the effect of the historical or cultural environment on the development of cultural evolution and looks at the study of cultural anthropology and the various opinions that exist on the ability for evolution of culture to occur at all.
From the Paper
"The social sciences must take into consideration cultural perceptions, even if these perceptions are biologically in error. The human race has far more in common with one another than it has differences, but culturally individuals have perceived and classified other individuals according to 'races,' including Darwin himself in some of his less enlightened moments. Cultural evolution and anthropology aims to understand how these perceptions have affected human culture, but biological evolution merely takes note of this factual error. Obviously, the biological fiction of race, and the fact that an apparently Caucasian individual can have the genetic material of someone who is African, even if these traits are not dominant in his or her physical configuration, acts as a profound question to the assumptions of our culture. The limits of our own culture challenge the idea that there is a linear, positive progress to cultural evolution of ideas and practices (such as industrialization making the world less habitable). The insight biological evolution provides about race shows that there can be fruitful methodological dialogue between cultural and biological evolutionists, but the two approaches will never study the same discipline, nor can the use the same methods. The biological question: 'Are there races within the human species' is a different question than the cultural query: 'why do cultures continue to subscribe to the divisive idea that there are innate differences between different groups of the human species?""
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Evolution, 2002.
A comprehensive analysis of the theory of evolution, belief in evolution, and its effect on student behavior.
2,716 words (approx. 10.9 pages), 17 sources, MLA, $ 81.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the impact of believing in evolution, on the behavior of students by describing both the evolutionary theory and its various effects. The paper presents the considerable debates on the issues of evolution and creationism. The writer claims that evolution is usually held responsible for inducing immorality among its followers.
Introduction
Evolution or Creation
Evolution and Ethics
Evolution and Morality
Evolution and the Value of Human Life
Co-Existence of Evolution and Religion/Morality
Belief in Evolution and Behavior of a Student
References
From the Paper
"The theory of evolution that man is just another animal in the line of living forms, attaches the same value to a man?s life as the value that is attached to an animal. As a result, in presence of evolutionary claims, there is no rule that could regard a man?s life as more important than an animal?s and therefore worth treating any differently. Such a belief tends to lead, inevitably to unethical code of conduct. For instance, in January, 1973, the United States Supreme Court, in a 7-to-2 vote, decided that the human embryo growing within the human womb cannot be defined as ?human? and as a result, it can be subjected to any kind of maltreatment. According to Darwin, an evolutionist, since the weaker members of society are unfit and, by the laws of nature, cannot survive, a baby growing in the womb cannot survive either unless helped by a stronger being. Unless the mother, a stronger being, is bound by a moral code, she will not help a baby grow. This will, in the long run, inevitably lead to extinction of human race."
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Evolution, 2004.
A discussion of the definition of evolutionary theory, as well as the causes and evidence of evolution.
2,043 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the term ?evolution? evokes varied connotations and how, in simple and direct terms, it is a process of change or development over a long period of time. It looks at how, in general, evolution refers to biologic or organic evolution, which is the formation and development of life on earth.
Outline
Theory of Evolution
Causes of Evolution
Population Dynamics and Evolution of Population
Evidence of Evolution
From the Paper
"The evolutionary theory explains these aspects. Evolutionary theory proposes that all species probably evolved from a single form of life, which existed about three and half billion years ago. Over the ages, the original basic form of life is considered to have evolved into more species and these, in turn, into many other species. This ?speciation? process as it is called led to the development of over 10 million species that live on earth today. The idea of speciation leads to another essential idea underlying it - the idea of common ancestry. As all species evolved from one basic life form, it is implied that any two species once had a common ancestor. But how can the idea of common ancestry are explained in the light of widely varying species? "
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"Dancing to Evolution?s Tune", 2004.
This paper reviews Robert Wright's "Dancing to Evolution's Tune," which examines the neurobiological concept of evolution.
815 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that in his book, "Dancing to Evolution's Tune," Robert Wright elucidates on the important role of motivation in evolution and how the genes are self-programmed to achieve this. The author points out Wright's concept that our genes have deliberately destined us to dabble in a world of pleasure and pain for evolutionary reasons, all the time keeping us well absorbed in the illusion because they cannot be satisfied. The paper relates that this evolutionary genetic scheme seems to confirm the truth in our spiritual doctrines because all the religions of the world have one thing in common; they all have propounded the futility of chasing after desires and fleeting pleasures.
From the Paper
"Nature has used happiness as a bait to motivate living beings and to propel them into action. Happiness is thus a reward that man receives when he carries on the duties of maintaining his bodily functions- nourishing himself, procreating and extending his heritage. The genes control the neurochemistry behind the feelings of happiness. On cogitation it is revealed that our basic impulses are meant to serve the main purpose of gene proliferation rather than for our psychological well being as it appears at the outset. Over the last decade scientists have found out the significant role of the neurotransmitter dopamine in giving the feeling of happiness and satisfaction."
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Co-Evolution, 2008.
An examination of the basis of the theory of co-evolution, including discussion of three community interactions.
1,053 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper researches and examines co-evolution. It discusses what co-evolution is, how it works and the biological principle of this theory. The paper also discusses the basis of this theory to include three different community interactions. It identifies and analyzes three factors affecting co-evolution in human beings that have typically been the focus of study - lifestyles, diets and diseases.
Table of Contents:
Objective
Introduction
Organism And Microbiota Impact On Human Beings
Community-Based Co-Evolution Factors
Summary And Conclusion
From the Paper
"This hazard may arise from the effects of generation of new species at a rapid rate that involves evolution that does not occur in unison with the world and environment and its living creatures but instead is an evolution independent of other living plants, species, and life. One such negative impact is noted by Wheelis et al to be "the potential for increased weediness among herbicide-tolerant crops." (1998) Stated as well is that interbreeding might result in the formation of hybrids resulting in genetic contamination of crops that are economically of importance and even lead to "extinction of native species or other species of local importance." (Wheelis, et al, 1998) Coe-evolution of human beings and microbiota is reviewed in the work of Dethlefsen, McFall-Ngai and Relman entitled: "An Ecological and Evolutionary Perspective on Human-Microbe Mutualism and Disease" who state that the basic concepts are experiencing a rapid change in respect to the human microbiota as these were "first shown to cause disease in human in the 1800s however, eventually it was understood that the majority of the interaction between microbiota and humans in fact do not cause disease and that in fact, some of the microbiota are beneficial to human beings."
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Evolution of Police Work, 2006.
This paper discusses the evolution of police work and the evolution of American communities over the past fifty years.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 10 sources, $ 106.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews how policing has evolved over the last half-century. Along the way, the paper examines organizational developments, changes in the relationship between the general public and police officers, and changes between rank-and-file officers and their superiors. Not to be overlooked, the paper pauses to reflect on changes in personnel and also delves into some broad theories which have proved influential. In the end, the paper concludes that policing today is better than in the past and adjusted capably to a half-century of change.
From the Paper
"American policing has undergone many profound changes over the past several decades. From being authoritarian, punishment-focused and top-down only a couple of generations ago to being a more collaborative, educative and bottom-up organization today, policing in America's urban centers has changed in ways that mirror the broader changes in American society. The following paper examines the evolution of police-community interaction over the past half-century and also examine how the attitudes of police officers have changed as the world around them has changed."
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God and the Theory of Evolution, 2007.
A look at the defense of the cosmological argument for the existence of God against the theory of evolution
1,444 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper attempts to defend the cosmological argument for the existence of God against the theory of evolution by presenting arguments in favor of the cosmological argument, refuting some of the major objections against it and elaborating the weaknesses of the evolutionary theory.
Outline:
The Cosmological Argument
Criticisms of the Cosmological Argument & their Refutation
The Theory of Evolution
Does the Theory of Evolution Negate the Cosmological Argument?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Man has sought to unravel the mysteries about the origins of the universe, life, and mankind itself since times immemorial. Philosophers, theologians, and scientists have thought hard and deep through the ages and put forwarded divergent theories about the mystery. These have eventually boiled down to two major and contrary ideas, i.e., the "evolutionary" theory that life was created by pure chance and has over time evolved into ever-more complex forms of life through a process of natural selection, and the theist argument that an outside supreme force (God) was responsible for the start of the universe and life. The "Cosmological Argument" for the existence of God and the "theory of evolution" best represent the two divergent schools of thought on this important argument."
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Cultural Evolution, 2002.
An overview of cultural evolution including Spencerian and Darwinian models, tribes, chiefdoms and archaic states.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper explains why anthropological archeologists are interested in cultural evolution, discusses the Spencerian and Darwinian models of cultural evolution, identifies the key characteristics of tribes, chiefdoms, and archaic states, and analyzes what kinds of material remains might archaeologists find most useful in their search for a better understanding of how prehistoric cultural evolution worked.
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Darwin and Evolution, 2006.
An examination of Darwin's evolutionary theories and application to the evolution of elephants.
988 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that the theory of evolution upholds itself when examining the world around us and does so by studying the evolution of the elephant. It uses the opinions of other scientists to compare and contrast bias and successfully traces ancestry and evolution over millions of years.
From the Paper
"The claim "Evolution is just a theory and has not been proven" is simply a false incredulous claim that has no basis and no proof. However, if one were to claim that the theory of Evolution has been proven, one would be correct. Evolution is a theory of development from earlier forms: the theoretical process by which all species develop from earlier life forms. For hundreds of years scientists have searched for and found evidence of evolution in humans, animals, and other organisms. Fossils have shown us that life on Earth was vastly different millions of years ago and also provide us with evidence of how organisms change and adapt over long periods of time. Arguments against evolution are both scientific and religious. Creationists believe that God created the universe and everything in it in six days, resting on the seventh. "
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Christianity and Evolution, 2000.
A discussion of the theories of evolution and an analysis of whether Christians are capable of believing in them.
2,170 words (approx. 8.7 pages), 10 sources, $ 67.95
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Abstract
A detailed discussion of the theories of evolution (naturalistic, theistic and creation science), and a comparison to the Christian belief of the world as G-d 's creation. The author analyzes whether a Christian can truly believe in the theories of evolution.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. Evolution
A. Charles Darwin ? ?Origin of Species?
B. Supporting Evidence
II. Creationism
A. Definition
B. Bible
C. Supporting Evidence
III. Conclusion
A. Survey
Summary
From the Paper
From the paper:
There are three main views of how the universe came to be. Naturalistic evolution proclaims that the universe was driven by purely natural forces, without input from God. Theistic evolution states that evolution was a tool used by God. Creation Science states that everything was created by God in six days and six nights less than 10,000 years ago. What do people believe? Can a Christian, believing in God?s miraculous creation, also believe in evolution?
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The Evolution of the Giraffe, 2005.
Traces the evolution of the mammal known as the giraffe, examining different views on the topic.
874 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
Since the giraffe was first used by Lamarck to rationalize his theory of evolution, the organism has been a textbook example of the most simple and obvious applications of evolutionary theory. This paper examines theories relating to the evolution of the giraffe. It examines the processes of natural and sexual selection to see how they apply to the theory of the giraffe's evolution.
From the Paper
"The elemental difference between natural selection and sexual selection is that the latter form takes place within a population. Sexual selection can often result in characteristics that hinder an organism's chances of survival, but simultaneously increase their chances of finding a mate. Since evolution is driven by the amount of offspring produced, both forms of selection are extremely important to the process of evolution."
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Evolution, 2002.
A paper which explains how evolution works.
3,150 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 12 sources, $ 115.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses evolution with all the trappings that come with it. The idea of non-believers is addressed as well as the evolution process. Darwin's Theories are examined such as his beliefs of inherited traits which during his time was unheard of. Other issues discussed are relevant to the evolution process with words such as 'natural selection' and 'mutations' being discussed.
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Human Evolution and Closest Relative, 2007.
This paper discusses the evolution of the human and discusses human origins.
2,016 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 18 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer explains that evolution is defined as a change in the gene pool of a population from generation to generation by such processes as mutation and natural selection. The writer notes that the topic of human evolution all started when human fossils and remains were discovered from different regions on earth. The writer points out that the availability of new technology even allows the study of the genetic structures of the fossils found, which signifies a more reliable and astonishing breakthrough in defining the start of human evolution. The writer concludes that many of the scientific evidences including that of the anatomical, archaeological and genetic provide a full proof view that modern humans descend from earlier hominid populations or our ape-like ancestors.
From the Paper
"Homo sapiens (about 100,000 years ago) is characterized by large brain size, high forehead, small eyebrow ridges, slender skeleton and upright structure. The Homo sapiens fossil record shows anatomical trends toward decreased bone mass. Their diet was more balanced - it included meat, grains and vegetables. The sapiens' tools were more sophisticated, and incorporated the use of raw materials. Surviving Cro-Magnon artifacts include huts, cave paintings, carvings and antler-tipped spears. The remains of tools suggest that they knew how to make woven clothing (according to a claim by Michael Rappenglueck, of the University of Munich. 2000.). The appearance of Cro-Magnon culture about 40,000 years ago was characterized by fine artwork - beads, ivory carvings, clay figurines, decorated tools and even musical instruments."
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Sex, Conflict and Evolution, 2002.
This paper looks at the way in which a better understanding of sex and the evolution of our species can enhance our understanding of human nature.
775 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 1 source, $ 30.95
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Abstract
The evolution of a species, any species involves the complicated process of procreating, dealing with each other, and evolving in a manner that helps sustain life not diminish it. The questions that scientists ask about sex and behavior and evolution go to the heart of what makes us who we are. Nature is not perfect but it is clever. The study of sex and evolution has a great deal to tell us about how we have become what we have become. In addition, it can lead us to improve on areas--such as gender conflict--which threaten our survival.
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Comparative Evolution of the Globulin Genes, 2007.
An analysis of the evolution of the globulin genes, focusing on the gamma globulin.
1,933 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 17 sources, MLA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
This study provides relevant background on the various globulin genes in general and the gamma globulin gene in particular. The paper aims to determine how this family of globulin genes has changed over time in various organisms, as well as describe where the globulin genes can be found and their functions.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview
Globulin Gene Evolution
Evolution of Globulin Genes
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Since the pioneering work of Cohn and others, researchers have since shown that globulins represent an important source of protein in seed plants and they are found in relatively small amounts in various cereals; in addition, globulins are also found in animal fluids are enzymes, antibodies, and fibrous and contractile proteins typically contained in the blood plasma (Haurowitz, 2006). As noted above, to date, three types of globulin have been identified--alpha, beta, and gamma; alpha and beta globulins are transport proteins, serve as substrates upon which other substances are formed, and perform other diverse functions. In addition, the gamma globulins play a vital role in natural and acquired immunity to infection (Haurowitz, 2006)."
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