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Evolution of Ancient African Society, 1997.
Describes development from hunting/gatherering to settled agricultural communities.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 6 sources, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"The transition from hunter-gatherers to settled agricultural communities was a natural progression for African society, resulting mostly from increasing population densities and cultural exchange. As population densities slowly rose, people gravitated into exploitation of certain plant and animal species. Although agriculture is a relatively easy economy to transition into, it is rare for groups to return to hunting and gathering once the agricultural lifestyle is assumed. Thus sedentary communities developed, a characteristic of which was the gendered division of labor.
Although population density is a major factor in the economic transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture, a "prime mover" may have initiated increases in population that favored agriculture. Theoretical models that subscribe to the.."
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The Evolution of Ancient Cities, 2008.
This paper studies the history and evolution of the ancient cities of the Mediterranean.
1,076 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at the emergence of the ancient cities, where they emerged, and how they evolved in different regions. The paper shows how urban centers have evolved over time in large measure due to man's efforts to exploit the natural world to his advantage. The paper discusses how ancient cities laid the foundation for the modern urban community of today.
From the Paper
"The history of the ancient cities of the Mediterranean - indeed, the history of cities everywhere - is an interesting one. To begin with, cities as we understand the term today began to emerge right around the time of the Neolithic revolution as agricultural surplus became sufficient to support heavily-concentrated populations (Brakman et al., 15). In the Mesopotamian world, it appears as though the first genuine city - Eridu - took root around 4900 B.C. This city, like all the others that the Mesopotamians would construct for themselves, had its own patron god and there is evidence that these urban centers had their own education systems (apparently centrally-planned) in addition to being locations that served as religious loci for the people of pre-Christian Mesopotamia."
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Ancient African Art, 2008.
A discussion of forms, functions and themes in West and Central African art.
1,063 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes human portraiture in ancient African art. It explains that some of the earliest and most sophisticated forms of self-representation via art come from west and central Africa and the visual artistic output of these portions of the continent easily rival that of Europe some 1500 years later. The paper points out that the first known examples of such projected human images generally came in the form of sculpture and this method of portraiture resulted in a legacy of sophisticated human countenance pieces that demonstrated a cross-section of abstract interpretation and perhaps the first example of naturalism. The paper notes that the use of portraiture was generally only reserved for royalty and most of what we know today about this comes from an assimilation of oral tradition and interpretive archaeological intuition. The paper also looks at the earliest traceable discovery of human portraiture in Nigeria - the Nok era. The paper discusses the exclusivity of portraiture and looks at how the naturalistic tendencies of representation suggest that these likenesses were designed to reflect the appearance of specific individuals.
From the Paper
"The earliest traceable discovery marking such qualities is the Male Head Nok, so named for the Nok region of Nigeria from where it was excavated. The Nok era denoted by the head is regarded as occurring around 500BC and lasting until 200AD. It is indicative of that time by its terra cotta composition which reflects a common form for portraiture at the time. This was concurrent with the Iron Age, so much forging of iron was also part and parcel of artistic expression. In addition, wood carving would come to take on a significant role in portraiture. The Male Head Nok, featuring a dramatically up-scaled crown, a narrow but upwardly widening head, broad eyes and deeply flattened nostrils. The man depicted here helps both to preserve some possible physical characteristics of the ancient subject and to give future generations an indication of the interpretive elements involved in rendering human likeness."
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Love in Ancient Greek Society, 2003.
A comparative analysis of the representation of love by Plato and Socrates in "Symposium" and "Phaedrus".
2,070 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper compares the different conceptions of love in Ancient Greek society as exhibited by Plato and Socrates in "Symposium" and "Phaedrus". It contends that in spite of different concepts of love, both conceptions include desire, god, beauty and wisdom.
From the Paper
"The views of Plato on a variety of topics are typically illustrated for readers through the dialectic method, a dialogue that represents a series of questions and replies aimed at logical ..."
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Women in Ancient Societies, 2002.
This paper analyzes the role of women in four ancient societies: Athens, Sparta, Rome and the Medieval Period.
3,400 words (approx. 13.6 pages), 8 sources, $ 124.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how women were viewed in each society through their legal, social and sexual status. The paper compares and contrasts each society and concludes that, despite the restrictions placed on them by these societies, women have always been able to exert themselves in often subtle but important ways. The author shows how women were always important in how each society functioned and often were able to exploit opportunity and, at least some degree, to influence in their society.
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Ancient Societies and Their Artwork, 2005.
An analysis of the artistic creations of pre-modern India, China and Japan.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 0 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
The paper explores representative artwork that neatly encapsulates the cultures from which they sprang. In each instance, be it Ganesh, Chinese ritual bronzes, or sculptures portraying Amida, the artwork that the paper discusses has provided unique subtleties and nuances that reflect the subtleties and nuances of their respective cultures. No less importantly the aforementioned artwork illustrates the intersection between art and religion and the paper discusses how religion gives shape to both a society and to its artwork.
From the Paper
"Finding the Souls of Ancient Societies in Their Artwork: the Artistic Creations of Pre-Modern India, China and Japan It is commonly said and written that the artwork of a society is a mirror into that society. The following paper will examine this proposition by looking at Indian Ganesh artwork, representative Chinese artwork from the Bronze Age and, not least of all, Buddhist artwork that captures the spirit of ancient Japan. What should become when reviewing each of these artifacts is that a society's collective soul is often to be found in the artwork it produces - at least if the observer is prepared to look hard enough and long enough for it. The imagery associated with the Indian deity Ganesh is quite astounding."
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Ancient Influences on Modern Society, 2002.
A study of ancient Greek and Roman literature and their influence on modern civilization.
2,345 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a detailed examination of politics and justice in Greek and Roman literature and its reflection in western civilization. It discusses the works of Plato, Aristotle and Socrates. The paper explores the common issues of ancient and modern society: human rights, political systems and equality.
From the Paper
"Since the beginning of time mankind has continued to evolve and change to suit its needs. The laws, mores and norms that mankind has put in place often have to do with history and lessons learned in the past. Some of the ways the western world functions come from modern need but often times the functions, expectations and standards stem from periods long ago. The ancient Greeks and ancient Romans created societies that many believe were extremely advanced for their time. Many of things that those societies and cultures followed are still used in modern western civilization today."
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Ancient Greek and Roman Society, 2003.
A discussion of Greek and Roman society.
1,835 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
This paper explores both the Greek and Roman culture and their far-reaching effects on modern Western thinking. The author explores how Greek philosophers, and their use of logic and insistence on reasons to support claims about the universe and human existence, represent a crucial first step towards science of today. Future civilizations took from the Romans their meaning of honor, patriotism, and unrelenting sense of assured self. The paper continues to discuss that both the Greeks and the Romans used war to gain territory, a negative trait that is still strongly felt in society today.
From the Paper
"Both the Greeks and the Romans exemplified war, which led to their negative legacy. From the begging of Greek history starting with the Mycenaeans, and the Romans starting with the Roman Republic, war has been the patriarchal duty of the male citizen. War became more than just a way to conquer lands, but it embodied the essence of what a man was made of. If a soldier risked his life in war for his civilization and came out a hero because he proved himself to be stronger and fitter than the opposing side, he had almost reached god stature. The idea of fighting to these societies became more of a game than it was a defense. Honor and valor of the male citizen depended on his performance in battle."
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Comparison of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome, 2004.
An examination and comparison of famous ancient Greek and Roman writers.
1,613 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
The ideas, attitudes, and issues of Greek and Roman life can be compared by considering some of the major Greek and Roman writers and what their work focuses on. This consideration provides the details that allow their ideas to be compared and the problems they were focused on to be compared , as well as the characteristics of the societies they lived in. This consideration begins by describing the Greek writers Socrates, Plato, and Thucydides. This is followed by a consideration of the Roman writers Polybius, Suetonius, and Aurelius.
From the Paper
"Socrates was born in Greece in 469 B.C. and died in 399 B.C. Socrates writings are based on a philosophical approach and one of his major concerns was how to achieve virtue. This includes his statement that nobody every knowingly does wrong, and that any wrong action is a result of people not knowing enough to make the right decision. This thinking is based on a consideration of the nature of life for the individual, and is not concerned with more practical issues. Socrates also considered the natue of the state in some of his works and battled between wanting to accept the leadership of the state, and not believing that the state should have the ultimate power. In the end, Socrates decided that even when an individual is not treated justly, it is not justifiable for them to disobey the laws of the state. This represents a general belief in the system of government of the time."
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Evolution, 2002.
A comprehensive analysis of the theory of evolution, belief in evolution, and its effect on student behavior.
2,716 words (approx. 10.9 pages), 17 sources, MLA, $ 81.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the impact of believing in evolution, on the behavior of students by describing both the evolutionary theory and its various effects. The paper presents the considerable debates on the issues of evolution and creationism. The writer claims that evolution is usually held responsible for inducing immorality among its followers.
Introduction
Evolution or Creation
Evolution and Ethics
Evolution and Morality
Evolution and the Value of Human Life
Co-Existence of Evolution and Religion/Morality
Belief in Evolution and Behavior of a Student
References
From the Paper
"The theory of evolution that man is just another animal in the line of living forms, attaches the same value to a man?s life as the value that is attached to an animal. As a result, in presence of evolutionary claims, there is no rule that could regard a man?s life as more important than an animal?s and therefore worth treating any differently. Such a belief tends to lead, inevitably to unethical code of conduct. For instance, in January, 1973, the United States Supreme Court, in a 7-to-2 vote, decided that the human embryo growing within the human womb cannot be defined as ?human? and as a result, it can be subjected to any kind of maltreatment. According to Darwin, an evolutionist, since the weaker members of society are unfit and, by the laws of nature, cannot survive, a baby growing in the womb cannot survive either unless helped by a stronger being. Unless the mother, a stronger being, is bound by a moral code, she will not help a baby grow. This will, in the long run, inevitably lead to extinction of human race."
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Evolution, 2004.
A discussion of the definition of evolutionary theory, as well as the causes and evidence of evolution.
2,043 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the term ?evolution? evokes varied connotations and how, in simple and direct terms, it is a process of change or development over a long period of time. It looks at how, in general, evolution refers to biologic or organic evolution, which is the formation and development of life on earth.
Outline
Theory of Evolution
Causes of Evolution
Population Dynamics and Evolution of Population
Evidence of Evolution
From the Paper
"The evolutionary theory explains these aspects. Evolutionary theory proposes that all species probably evolved from a single form of life, which existed about three and half billion years ago. Over the ages, the original basic form of life is considered to have evolved into more species and these, in turn, into many other species. This ?speciation? process as it is called led to the development of over 10 million species that live on earth today. The idea of speciation leads to another essential idea underlying it - the idea of common ancestry. As all species evolved from one basic life form, it is implied that any two species once had a common ancestor. But how can the idea of common ancestry are explained in the light of widely varying species? "
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Violence in Roman Society, 2004.
A historical review of ancient Rome and the violence in Roman society.
1,776 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the main reasons for and results of violence within Roman society. The paper discusses the influence of violence on citizens' relations and international affairs of the Roman state. The paper contends that the Romans enjoyed great achievements, and we base our knowledge, our law and political system on elements of Roman achievements. However, we also have to remember the problem of violence, which the Romans could not overcome and was the ultimate downfall of their nation.
From the Paper
"Ancient Roman history is the greatest and the most interesting period of the Ancient world history that influenced European civilization. Germans, Anglo-Saxons, Slavs based their cultures on great Roman achievements in any sphere of social life. Roman history is still an example of highly developed, educated and strong society, mighty and powerful state. Romans were leaders in all spheres of human life and they gained respect for many centuries in their present and future. For centuries (and even now) Roman civilization has been an example, a great aim that many leaders wanted to gain because they saw Roman social and state structure worth creating in their countries. And I have to admit many of them had succeeded!"
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"Dancing to Evolution?s Tune", 2004.
This paper reviews Robert Wright's "Dancing to Evolution's Tune," which examines the neurobiological concept of evolution.
815 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that in his book, "Dancing to Evolution's Tune," Robert Wright elucidates on the important role of motivation in evolution and how the genes are self-programmed to achieve this. The author points out Wright's concept that our genes have deliberately destined us to dabble in a world of pleasure and pain for evolutionary reasons, all the time keeping us well absorbed in the illusion because they cannot be satisfied. The paper relates that this evolutionary genetic scheme seems to confirm the truth in our spiritual doctrines because all the religions of the world have one thing in common; they all have propounded the futility of chasing after desires and fleeting pleasures.
From the Paper
"Nature has used happiness as a bait to motivate living beings and to propel them into action. Happiness is thus a reward that man receives when he carries on the duties of maintaining his bodily functions- nourishing himself, procreating and extending his heritage. The genes control the neurochemistry behind the feelings of happiness. On cogitation it is revealed that our basic impulses are meant to serve the main purpose of gene proliferation rather than for our psychological well being as it appears at the outset. Over the last decade scientists have found out the significant role of the neurotransmitter dopamine in giving the feeling of happiness and satisfaction."
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Evolution of Police Work, 2006.
This paper discusses the evolution of police work and the evolution of American communities over the past fifty years.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 10 sources, $ 106.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews how policing has evolved over the last half-century. Along the way, the paper examines organizational developments, changes in the relationship between the general public and police officers, and changes between rank-and-file officers and their superiors. Not to be overlooked, the paper pauses to reflect on changes in personnel and also delves into some broad theories which have proved influential. In the end, the paper concludes that policing today is better than in the past and adjusted capably to a half-century of change.
From the Paper
"American policing has undergone many profound changes over the past several decades. From being authoritarian, punishment-focused and top-down only a couple of generations ago to being a more collaborative, educative and bottom-up organization today, policing in America's urban centers has changed in ways that mirror the broader changes in American society. The following paper examines the evolution of police-community interaction over the past half-century and also examine how the attitudes of police officers have changed as the world around them has changed."
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The Ancient Greek Amphitheatre, 2002.
A discussion of the evolution of the Ancient Greek Amphitheatre.
2,071 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper traces the history of the architectural form and cultural function of the amphitheatre from its modest beginning in ancient Greece through to the Roman influenced theatre of today. It examines how, although some aspects of their design and function are debatable because so little of their physical structure exists today, Greek theaters can be chronologically classified into three categories: The early Athenian, Hellenistic and Graeco-Roman. It discusses how all of these theaters could be divided into essentially three parts: the theatron (or auditorium), the orchestra and the skene (or scene building) and how these standards developed over time.
From the Paper
"In its simplest form the orchestra of a theater is simply a circular plot of land designated as a place for dance and this idea defines the orchestra employed during this time. It was circular in shape with a diameter of about 66 feet and was believed to be a locus for supernatural powers. An altar (or thymele), described as "a short drum of marble decorated with low-relief carvings of garlands and satyrs, or other Greek icons? was usually erected in the epicenter of the orchestra. It was primarily used prior to performances for sacrifices in honor of the god Dionysus, however plays with religious content often incorporated the altar into the performance. A level surface area, raised one foot from the orchestra and situated below the skene, termed the proscenium, served as the area in which the majority of the dramatic action transpired."
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