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Everyday Toxic Substances, 1991.
This paper reviews the sources of common air contaminants and focuses on indoor pollution.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 7 sources, $ 31.95
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From the Paper
"Toxic substances exist nearly everywhere in the modern world, for they are used in various products, processes, and mechanisms found in homes and office buildings. Many of these products were included in materials in interior design before their toxic effects were known. Many substances affect only sensitive people, while the long-term health effects of many of these substances remains uncertain.
The problem of air pollution was first though of only in terms of outdoor pollutants from the burning of fossil fuels and other sources, but we have become more aware today of the indoor pollutants. In some cases, structures have even been identified as "sick buildings" because of the adverse health effects found in those who live or work there, and often the precise source of the problem ream ins elusive. Certain indoor pollutants have become ,,, "
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Toxic Substances, 2005.
This paper argues for a reduction in the use of toxic substances.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 0 sources, APA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper proposes that a solution to the need to reduce the use of toxic substances is to educate the public. The author recommends making nontoxic alternatives available. The paper poses the dangers pf toxins.
From the Paper
"There is a critical problem in our nation with toxic substances in our food, drinking water, homes and natural environment., These toxic substances can cause illness weaken our immune systems and can even result in death especially in those most affected by the problem: The elderly, those with compromised immune systems, children and pets. I discovered the seriousness of this issue when my dog developed diabetes as well as a life-threatening liver problem after being exposed to poison."
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Performance Enhancing Substances, 2005.
An examination of the use and effects of steroids and other performance enhancing substances.
3,316 words (approx. 13.3 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 94.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how there are many different types of performance-enhancing substances available in a variety of markets, some legal and some illegal, some targeted toward athletes and some employed more often for recreational usage. It looks at how, despite the many questions that arise while examining issues relating to substance use in athletics, there is still a failure to examine the multitude and magnitude of negative consequences that can potentially follow any use of performance-enhancing substances, legal or otherwise.
Outline
Introduction
Who Uses Performance-Enhancing Substances
Different Types of Performance-Enhancing Substances
Preventative Measures Against Performance-Enhancing Substance Use
Monitoring Performance-Enhancing Substance Use
Interventions for Performance-Enhancing Substance Use
From the Paper
"Parents should be aware of possible signs that their children are using performance-enhancing substances. If they become worried about substance use, there are a number of interventions that can be utilized. However, performance-enhancing substance use is also monitored on an official level by organizations such as the NCAA. According to Copeland (2002), the testing program utilized by the NCAA was modeled after that in place for Olympic drug testing, with the exception that the International Olympic Committee does not issue sanctions on athletes for some infringements of drug policies. "
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Performance Enhancing Substances, 2004.
This paper discusses the use of performance enhancing substances.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This article looks at the subject of performance enhancing substances. The writer examines the effects and risks of using such substances. The writer discusses appropriate alternatives to these drugs, such as proper nutrition, hydration and vitamins. The writer also provides the option of working with a trainer in order to increase muscle mass, strength and stamina. In this paper, the writer looks at the wide use of such performance enhancing substances in sports and among athletes.
From the Paper
"Trout and Kazlauskas have noted that Sport plays a major role in the lives of many people, both for active participation and as entertainment. Sport is now a huge nationally and internationally based industry. The desire to win has led some athletes to resort to the use of performance enhancing drugs. With huge financial rewards now available in some sports, the pressure to excel has grown. Some have argued that drug use should be given free rein ... "
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The Nature of Substances: Spinoza vs. Leibniz, 2001.
This paper evaluates both Baruch Spinoza's and Gottfried Leibniz's arguments regarding the nature of substances.
1,265 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper first outlines Baruch Spinoza's argument in Part 1 of the "Ethics" for "substance monism" - the position that there exists only one substance. It then explains how Spinoza's position differs from that of Gottfried Leibniz in the "Discourse on Metaphysics". The paper concludes with the assertion that Leibniz's account for the nature and number of substances is superior since accepting Spinoza's conclusions leads to a number of logically troublesome consequences.
From the Paper
"Leibniz's account for the nature and number of substances differs significantly from Spinoza's. For Spinoza, there is only one substance in the world: God. Leibniz essentially agrees that there is only one true substance. However, to Leibniz this substance is the monad, comparable to a soul or spirit, which "is nothing but a simple substance that enters into composites" (Monadology, p. 484). For Leibniz, God exists external to the world of monads, and might be best thought of as a type of "supersubstance" or "supermonad." It was God who set the world in motion; therefore, substances depend on God for their existence. Since Leibniz's God possesses the will to create or destroy substances "in accordance with the principle of the best" (M., p. 487), God is the only necessary being. All other monads, then, depend on Him for their existence, and as such, are non-eternal contingent beings. Spinoza's pantheism forces the conclusion that all substance is eternal; if it were not eternal, then it would have to be created, which would then violate his definition of substance as something "that the conception of which does not require the conception of another thing from which it has to be formed" (E., p. 416)."
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Nutritional Substances, 2002.
Explains the benefits of carbohydrates, lipids, monosaccharides, protein and cholesterol to the human body.
918 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
When it comes to nutrition, terms like carbohydrate, lipid, monosaccharides, protein and cholesterol can sound almost like a foreign language. With all the conflicting reports of what affects ones body and what does harm, it is no wonder that people are so confused. The paper shows, however, that the importance of these substances is so vital that by understanding what they are, as well as how they are used by our bodies can certainly benefit our health and overall well being.
From the Paper
"By definition, a carbohydrate is group of chemical compounds that exist when hydrogen and oxygen (H2O) are then combined with carbon (Ed., Encarta). Carbohydrates are the largest group of organic compounds found in nature (Encarta). Humans, animals, plants and bacteria all use carbohydrates, and the uses for them varies depending on the organism using them. Plants use them for structural uses ? as in the cellulose and hemicellulose that are their main structural elements (Encarta). The cell coatings of the connective tissues in vertebrate animals have carbohydrates in them; both animals and plants use various forms of carbohydrates to store energy (Encarta). Chitin is a carbohydrate, and is the primary ingredient for the exoskeleton of invertebrate animals (Encarta)."
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Controlled Substances, 2003.
Examines issues of use and abuse with reference to the social theory of Max Weber.
2,475 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 13 sources, $ 87.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the Weberian theory, looking at his principle of rationalization. It examines behavior patterns and conventions of social enforcement, as well as the social structure and order.
From the Paper
"The purpose of this research is to examine the issue of controlled-substance use and abuse with reference to the social theory of Max Weber. The plan of the research will be to set forth in general terms Weber's approach to social analysis, and then to ..."
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Substance Abuse, 2002.
This paper analyzes and examines substance abuse and substance dependence.
2,003 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 27 sources, APA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
The paper shows that substance abuse greatly impacts many, if not all, aspects of an individual's life and is typically linked to behavioral, economic, educational, legal, medical, psychological, public health, and social problems. This paper analyzes and examines substance abuse and substance dependence. In Part II, the general causes and effects of substance abuse and substance dependence are addressed. Part III examines the psychiatric aspects of substance abuse. In Part IV, the relationship between substance abuse and crime is outlined. Finally, this paper concludes with a way to improve the awareness and treatment of psychiatric disorders and substance abuse.
From the Paper
"The correlation between substance abuse and crime has been well-documented over the past 25 years and may be explained by Gottfredson?s and Hirschi?s general theory of crime. According to their theory, the criminal act and the criminal offender are separate concepts. The criminal act is perceived as opportunity; illegal activities that people engage in when they perceive them to be advantageous."
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Tenuous Connections: Anxiety Disorders and Substance Abuse, 2008.
An examination of the relationship between anxiety disorders & substance abuse and whether substance abuse can be viewed as a product of anxiety disorders.
1,974 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
The paper questions whether there is any evidence that increased levels of anxiety result in a higher incidence of substance abuse. People who are very anxious may consume larger quantities of alcohol, smoke more heavily or resort to drugs as a way of self medication in treating an anxiety disorder. The paper relates that the higher the levels of self-reported anxiety,the more difficult it is to complete a treatment program, with the possibility that the person will return to the disorder of abuse on completing the program. The paper continues and discusses subtle affinities of anxiety disorders with that of substance abuse, by indicating that there are minor differences between the amount of abuse by alcoholics who have anxiety disorders, and those that do not. This indicates that anxiety disorders are an independent factor in the study of substance abuse.
From the Paper
"However, trait anxiety levels were positively correlated with negative substance abuse consequences, i.e., relapses even after treatment. Trait anxiety levels were also negatively correlated with the number of days an individual spent in treatment. In other words, the more anxiety problems that an individual experienced, the more likely it was that they would be substance abusers and the longer it would take for that individual to successfully complete the treatment program. Additionally, both state and trait anxiety levels were positively correlated with the level of addiction that the individual expressed, as measured and documented by the researchers (O'Leary et al., 2000). The implication of this finding is obvious: the higher the level of anxiety that an individual experience--in other words, the greater the possibility of an anxiety disorder--the more likely it would be for that individual to have a greater substance abuse problem."
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Substance Abuse Intervention, 2002.
Explores two models of intervention for substance abuse offenders.
2,061 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
Substance abuse can be looked at in two distinctly different ways. One of these is a medical model, examining the physical aspects of a person?s biological make-up that compel or make it relatively easy for him or her to become psychologically and sometimes physically dependent upon some substance to the extent that the person is unable to manage their lives without the drug. The paper shows that often substance abuse is the same as substance dependence or addiction, when a person has a compulsion to take a drug in order to experience its psychological (or physical) effects. Addiction is a severe form of dependence, existing when the drug has produced physiological changes in the body, as evidenced by the development of tolerance and of a withdrawal syndrome after the drug's effects have worn off.
The paper shows that while this is a very useful model, it is not the one that is generally referred to when people speak of substance abuse. What is generally being referred to by that term is the psychological and social costs incurred by individuals ? and inflicted on their intimates and acquaintances ? when they are unable to use certain legal drugs wisely and in moderation and/or when they use certain illegal drugs at all. This paper examines two models of intervention for substance abuse offenders after a brief general discussion of the issue of substance abuse. The models discussed are (1) a total institution program that regulates every aspect of substance abusers lives to provide them with a community and norms that do not include substance abuse and, (2) the broadcasting of anti-drug messages on the television and other forms of media.
From the Paper
"Other critics are also concerned that the anti-drug media messages aren't tough enough to reach kids who are already in trouble. In one study with four focus groups conducted early this year at various Department of Juvenile Justice facilities in Maryland, juvenile offenders were asked about the ads. Many said that they had seen the ads, but were not impressed by them, believing that the commercials were both overly dramatic and not true to life ? presenting an image of drug use that looked as if it had been cooked up by government officials trying to scare children rather than by people who knew the realities of substance abuse (Teinowitz, 1999, p. 29)."
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Psychological Aspects of Substance Abuse, 2001.
This paper examines the psychological damage and aspects of drug and alcohol abuse.
1,380 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 13 sources, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes and examines substance abuse and substance dependence. In Part II, characteristics of substance abuse and substance dependence are addressed. Part III examines the psychiatric aspects of substance abuse. Finally, this paper concludes with a way to improve the awareness and treatment of psychiatric disorders and substance abuse.
From the paper:
"Substance abuse greatly impacts many, if not all, aspects of an individual's life and is typically linked to behavioral, economic, educational, legal, medical, psychological, public health, and social problems. In the past 10-15 years, attention has been increasingly focused on the correlation between psychiatric disorders and substance abuse. Numerous researchers have discovered a strong contemporaneous relationship between psychiatric disorders and substance abuse in both clinical and general population samples of adolescents and adults."
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Cantharidin ( Spanish Fly ), 1993.
Pharmacological & chemical properties of toxic substance mistakenly believed to be aphrodisiac.
2,475 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 12 sources, $ 87.95
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From the Paper
" Cantharidin (Spanish Fly)
The pharmacologic potential of the substance, cantharides, has been known for thousands of years. This crude concoction is produced by grinding dried blister beetles. The best known blister beetle is Cantharis vesicatoria, or the Spanish fly. The agent responsible for cantharides' physiologic effects is the chemical, cantharidin. One of the many consequences of cantharidin ingestion is priapism. This finding has caused many to mistakenly assume that cantharides, or rather "Spanish fly," is an aphrodisiac. While the substance may in fact cause priapism, its primary pharmacologic effects are actually those of a potent toxin.
People have used Cantharides powder since at least the time of Hippocrates (10:33). In fact, Hippocrates himself recommended."
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Substance Abuse Among Lesbians, 2007.
A discussion on substance abuse as it affects the lesbian community, to discover if lesbians are, in fact, prone to a higher rate of substance abuse.
2,606 words (approx. 10.4 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 78.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how substance abuse has touched every demographic of America. This paper further discusses the trends and issues regarding substance abuse affecting specifically the lesbian group. The paper provides an overview of alcohol abuse in lesbians, as well as the "coming out" factor of substance abuse in lesbians. The writer recommends additional research and appropriate support programs. The paper examines how policy changes can better protect the lesbian population from discrimination and the associated stressors.
Outline:
Abstract
Overview
Trends and Issues
Alcohol Abuse in Lesbians
'Coming Out' as a Factor in Substance Abuse
Treatment: A Call for Additional Research
Implications for Research, Support and Policy
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"Research concerning substance abuse amongst lesbians often center on regional data. There are challenges that face substance abuse research when discussing the specific population of lesbians, however. The term 'lesbian' alone often causes confusion as it is somewhat ambiguous. In addition to this challenge, sexual orientation in research is self-reported, leading to errors, especially in subjects who may fear the stigma of being labeled as a lesbian."
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Bupivacaine Toxicity, 2007.
This paper discusses resuscitation techniques following bupivacaine toxicity.
5,000 words (approx. 20.0 pages), 31 sources, MLA, $ 126.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the roots of modern anesthetics may be traced back to the 19th century, with the successful isolation of cocaine from coca leaves. The writer points out that one type of amino amide that is far less toxic than cocaine is bupivacaine, which was eventually synthesized in 1963. The writer maintains that the long-lasting anesthetic effects provided by bupivacaine have been shown to cause cardiovascular toxicity at relatively low serum levels that are approximately the same as levels that cause toxicity in the central nervous system. The writer then discusses issues related to toxicity caused by the bupivacaine including reactions, prevention and resuscitation techniques. The writer concludes that the research supports possible clinical interventions using lipid infusion in the treatment of cardiac toxicity due to exposure to bupivacaine.
Outline:
The Development and Use of Bupivacaine
Toxic Reactions Associated with Bupivacaine
Case Studies Detailing Toxicity Associated with Bupivacaine
The Prevention of Bupivacaine-induced Toxicity
Bupivacaine and Positive Cardiovascular Effects?
Resuscitation Techniques Following Bupivacaine Intoxication
Lipid Infusion as Resuscitation for Bupivacaine Toxicity
From the Paper
"Overall, bupivacaine is considered to be among anesthetic agents that are more likely to cause states of cardiotoxicity. In animal studies, bupivacaine was demonstrated to be four to sixteen times more likely to cause cadiovacular toxicity than lidocaine. However, bupivacaine will continue to remain as a primary local anesthetic agent used by clinicians, which indicates a need for knowledge and awareness as to how to most effectively treat toxicity when it arises."
"Clinicians must adhere to proper dosages of anesthetics and correct sites of administration in order to reduce chances of the occurrence of toxicity. More recently, research has yielded the development of anesthetic agents that have reduced toxicity in comparison to bupivacaine."
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Juvenile Crime and Substance Abuse, 2005.
Examines the link between crimes committed by juveniles and their addiction to substances, such as alcohol or drugs.
1,030 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
For more than two decades, researchers, clinicians, and juvenile justice program administrators have become increasingly concerned about the link between substance abuse and juvenile crime. This paper shows that, due to this connection, various programs are being implemented across the United States to treat the juvenile offenders in order to help deter substance abuse. In turn, this should also help deter future criminal actions.
From the Paper
"By way of comparison, law enforcement authorities arrested just over four thousand teens for rape and two thousand one hundred and seventeen for homicide. In other words, the police arrest teens for liquor law violations, drunkenness and disorderly conduct at forty-five times the rate they arrest juveniles for murder and rape combined. Many of these juveniles could have avoided the system, but substance abuse has pulled them in. The worst part is, arrests of juveniles for liquor law violations are up sixteen percent, drunkenness arrests are up fourteen percent, and disorderly conduct arrests are up fifteen percent. The statistics for underage alcohol abuse keeps increasing, which means that more and more juveniles are being put into the system and many have not been receiving the correct treatment."
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