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| Term Paper # 69853 |
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Legalization of Euthanasia, 2005.
This paper argues in favor of legalizing euthanasia in the United States.
1,355 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, in certain cases, passive euthanasia is legally accepted in the United States; however, at the present time, active euthanasia is never accepted. The author points out that a growing number of a people in America are in favor of legalizing both passive and active euthanasia specifically claiming that terminally ill patients have a right to choose death over the torment of the final stages of their disease. The paper stresses that euthanasia should never be carried out without a patient's consent; this is why a living will is important.
From the Paper
"The legal profession in the United States takes a similar view to that which is expressed by the AMA. Thus, the Supreme Court has passed decisions which support the use of passive euthanasia in certain instances. In this regard, it has been determined that a competent person "has a constitutionally protected liberty interest in refusing unwanted medical treatment." Many states have passed legislation permitting passive euthanasia in specific cases."
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Should Canada Legalize Euthanasia?, 2006.
This paper presents the pros and cons for the legalization of euthanasia in Canada.
920 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper presents the pros and cons for the legalization of euthanasia in Canada. It comes out on the side against legalization, saying Canadian society is not yet ready for such a move as they are afraid it will be misused.
From the Paper
"This paper will present the case against the legalization of euthanasia in Canada It will present the evidence against and the evidence for passing this legislation and then summarize the findings in the conclusion Definitions Euthanasia is .."
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Legalization of Euthanasia, 1994.
This paper argues that euthanasia should be legalized for passive and active good death for terminally ill on moral, legal, medical, familial and economic grounds.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 8 sources, $ 55.95
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From the Paper
"Euthanasia has become an important issue in the protection of human dignity. It has been in the news a good deal lately because of the crusade of the so-called "suicide doctor," Dr. Jack Kevorkian, who has "assisted" at some 17 or 18 suicides over the past few years, all of people who were facing some debilitating and painful degenerative disease. As medical science becomes more adept at prolonging life, but not necessarily at making that life valuable, euthanasia becomes an option to be considered by those who suffer, those who love them, and those who are charged with their care. Euthanasia comes from two Greek words meaning "good death" or "happy death," and the term refers to any action that brings a painless death to a person suffering from an injury, disease, or the ravages of age. There is a distinction between active euthanasia and passive ... "
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The Philosophies and Legalization of Euthanasia, 2004.
Explores the ethical and moral issues surrounding the topic of euthanasia.
1,257 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper addresses the concern most often vocalized about euthanasia, namely, whether it is a form of murder or mercy. The author of the paper puts forth arguments that euthanasia should be legalized and applies the ethical theories of consequentialism and non-consequentialism to help assess and evaluate whether or not euthanasia should be legalized and, ultimately, to support the author's point of view. The paper also provides suggestions for legal protections and policies that should be put in place if euthanasia is legalized.
From the Paper
"Most of the issues in the legalization of Physician Assisted Suicide (PAS), or better known as Euthanasia, rest under contentious questions of ethics and morality. The process of euthanasia, in which death of a terminally ill patient is hastened by some means to end sufferings from a terminal disease, presents a question between two situations wherein concerns of ethics and morality are debated as to where it properly lies ? When is it morally correct, to hasten the death of a dying patient from a terminal disease to end his sufferings, or to let him suffer from pain and let the course of his disease?s nature take place? This question has been one of the moral issues concerning the legalization of euthanasia. In simple and legal terms, it is associated to the debatable question ?Is euthanasia a form of murder??"
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Legalization of Euthanasia, 1992.
An examination of the types (passive vs. active), the American Medical Association position and legal and ethical aspects.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 7 sources, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"This paper will argue in favor of legalizing euthanasia in the United States. There are two basic types of euthanasia. The first, known as passive euthanasia, involves the withholding of medical treatment. With passive euthanasia, the terminally ill patient is simply allowed to die. The second type, known as active euthanasia, occurs when a doctor or other health care practitioner takes active steps toward terminating the patient's life. With active euthanasia, the doctor might give a lethal injection or use other means to kill the patient. In certain cases, passive euthanasia is legally accepted in the United States. However, at the present time, active euthanasia is never accepted."
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Euthanasia, 2005.
This paper argues that doctor assisted suicide in the form of passive euthanasia and sometimes active euthanasia should be legalized.
995 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that doctor assisted suicide in the form of passive euthanasia should be legalized on the primary basis that human suffering should not be prolonged by medical science simply to extend physical life. The author stresses that terminally ill human beings have the inherent right to refuse medical treatment because they are the moral guardians of their own lives and the ultimate authority to be considered---not doctors, lawyers, insurance companies nor the government. The paper suggests that priorities have to be established in circumstances involving contending rights; in right-to-die issues, the highest priority should be the emotional, psychological and physical well-being of the person faced with inevitable death.
From the Paper
"This moral argument offered by opponents of doctor assisted suicide is of particular interest, for many of these groups explicitly assert that morality includes physical causality and moral culpability. It holds that active euthanasia establishes the physical causality of the physician, while passive euthanasia establishes the physical causality of the disease itself. In other words, in active and passive euthanasia the moral culpability remains the same, that is, it is in the hands of the physician. This is the due to the fact that the physician has the duty and the moral obligation to keep the patient alive. While these two separate worlds within the moral realm may cross in some places, it does not mean that they are one and the same, and this is one of the many reasons that the distinction should not be abolished."
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Euthanasia, 2003.
Presents arguments in favor of legalized euthanasia.
1,562 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper cites applicable legal cases to support its arguments in favor of legalizing euthanasia. Included, also, are ethical reasons for favoring legalized euthanasia and rebuttals against arguments that oppose euthanasia. Finally, the overall moral dilemma of euthanasia is discussed, with both the pro and con arguments presented.
From the Paper
"We all must die one day, and most people hope for a quick and painless death. But sometimes life isn?t so easy. Some people suffer unbelievable pain from cancer or other diseases. Others may lie in a permanently unconscious state due to an accident or some other cause. Euthanasia is the practice of kindly and painlessly putting a patient suffering from an incurable and painful disease or extreme oldness to a supposedly peaceful death. Derived from the Greek words eu, good, and thanatos, death, euthanasia is ordinarily identified as mercy killing. Today, only Oregon and Maine have legalized euthanasia or PAS."
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Euthanasia, 2001.
This paper looks at the topic of Euthanasia from a moral and legal point of view.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the controversial topic of Euthanasia from a legal and moral perspective. It supplies examples in history when other forms of mercy killings were used, it brings down some court cases on the topic and discusses how various religions have reacted to this question.
From the paper:
"When we are young, most of us do not think about making a conscious decision to die. We look forward to years of long and healthy life, and if death ever seems appealing it is as an antidote to depression. But it does not often, if ever, occur to us that there will be a time when we look forward to the ?good death? promised by euthanasia. This paper examines the legal and moral aspects of euthanasia ? sometimes called ?mercy killing? ? a topic make even more timely by the decision last week of the Dutch courts to legalize physician-assisted suicide."
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Euthanasia, 2007.
An argument against the legalization of euthanasia in the United States.
2,422 words (approx. 9.7 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the controversy surrounding euthanasia. It considers the arguments both for and against its practice. In the end, the paper argues, by providing example cases, that the benefits of allowing euthanasia are outweighed by the potential harm that it causes to society. The paper concludes that euthanasia should not be legalized in the United States.
From the Paper
"It has also been eloquently pointed out that permitting euthanasia would amount to promoting the rights of the individual at the expense of the best interests of society. (Callahan) For example, Callahan cites an example from the trial of Dr. Jack Kevorkian. Kevorkian was tried for assisting in the euthanasia of a 43-year-old multiple sclerosis (MS) victim named Sherry Miller. At the trial Dr. Stanton Elias pointed out that Miller's death had been extremely demoralizing for other multiple sclerosis victims, who were deeply concerned that her death sent a message to society that "they [people who suffer from MS] are somehow less of a human being and don't count for as much if they can't get out of a wheelchair." (Callahan, 247)"
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Voluntary Euthanasia in the United Kingdom, 2004.
This paper is an extensive discussion of voluntary euthanasia in the United Kingdom based on secondary research.
13,785 words (approx. 55.1 pages), 36 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper focuses on voluntary euthanasia, euthanasia in which a clearly competent person makes a voluntary request for assistance in dying, which is different from non-voluntary euthanasia because, in this case, a person is either not competent or unable to express a wish about euthanasia. The author points out that many critics believe permitting voluntary euthanasia, which is supported by many people, will lead to permitting non-voluntary euthanasia. The paper states that, in the United Kingdom, physician-assisted suicide and voluntary euthanasia is illegal, but euthanasia was legalized in certain circumstances in the Netherlands in 1994, in the Northern Territory of Australia in 1997, and, in November 1997, Oregon voters approved the Death with Dignity Act (DWDA); the United Kingdom also should legalize a humane death.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Hypothesis
Literature Review
Legalized Euthanasia
About Euthanasia
United Kingdom Law
A Look at the Issue
Conditions for Candidacy for Voluntary Euthanasia
A Case for Voluntary Euthanasia
Objections to Voluntary Euthanasia
A Closer Look at U.K. Legislation
The Importance of Autonomy and Consent
Methodology
Results and Conclusion
From the Paper
"Many religious groups oppose euthanasia because it goes against their faiths. Thomas Aquinas documented traditional Christian beliefs on the issue of suicide (Gula, 1997). Suicide was condemned because it harms other people, and because life is the gift of God and can only taken away by God. Muslims, and Jewish are amongst other faiths that believe life is given by God, and can only be taken away by God. One of the other major points made by religious groups is that "God does not send any experience that we cannot handle (p. 145)". For some faith groups, such as the Roman Catholics, "human suffering can have a positive value for the terminally ill and the caregivers"."
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Euthanasia, 2002.
Examines the highly controversial subject of euthanasia and all of the legal, moral, religious, and personal freedom issues attached to it.
6,000 words (approx. 24.0 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 142.95
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Abstract
This paper seeks to evaluate the practice of euthanasia and a person's right to choose the time, place, and circumstance of their death without interference from legal, moral, religious, family, or other groups of social or punitive nature. The paper deals with the emergent nature, unethical nature, and negative social impact of euthanasia.
From the Paper
"Citizens, chemical use and abuse by physicians, and a growing ?seemingly unending ? war against such use inundate the American legal system with high rates of drug abuse and misuse. The black and white perceptions of this "war on drugs" in America today stem from this abuse and hold a hard line on misusing chemicals for recreational use. This author has no argument with this position, however the gray areas become problematic. For the terminally ill patient, there is no such issue as drug abuse. Addiction is a non-issue for these people, but the legal ramifications have never been clearly identified."
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Euthanasia: Murder or Death with Dignity, 2004.
Looks into different arguments for and against euthanasia and questions the legality and ethics of intentional suicides.
2,850 words (approx. 11.4 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 84.95
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Abstract
In the last decade, euthanasia has been a subject of much controversy. The debate has been over a person?s right to die and a person?s right to live. This paper explains some of the moral issues and implications associated with the practice of euthanasia, some definitions and forms of euthanasia, and presents many arguments for and against the practice. The paper explains the argument that our society and medical practices are becoming so advanced that some feel that euthanasia is just a natural step towards assuring ourselves a peaceful existence and a peaceful end. It also shows how others argue that the gift of life is too precious to end in such an unnatural way.
From the Paper
"Some people worry that if euthanasia becomes more socially acceptable that some people will choose to die not because of an incurable disease, old age, or pain, but just because he or she may feel depressed or feel that their life has no value. Depression can be treated with different types of medication and counseling and a person?s depression can be reversed if treated properly (Petrinovich 1996:105-111). This is the type of situation that St. Martin (1977) is talking about when he mentions the deprivation of this person to society."
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Euthanasia, 2007.
An analysis of the argument in favor of legalizing euthanasia.
1,524 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the contentious issue of modern medical ethics - euthanasia. It describes the "right to die" argument from three related perspectives: the rights-based perspective, the ethical perspective and the practical perspective. The paper discusses the logic behind each of these perspectives. It also explains why, according to these views, the law should protect euthanasia as a fundamental civil right.
From the Paper
"Therefore, the law should protect euthanasia as a fundamental civil right. Decriminalizing physician-assisted suicide does not mean that doctors must agree to euthanasia but rather, that patients have the right to choose doctors who are willing to ease their suffering. Any individual who opposes euthanasia should by all means refuse to take part in it. Individuals who suffer from terminal illnesses and individuals who are in extremely compromised medical situations should be able to choose euthanasia as a civil and legal right. Health care practitioners have an ethical duty to honor the wishes of their patients and to heal their patients in body, mind, and soul. Moreover, doctors and health care practitioners should become more educated about situations that might warrant mercy killing. If euthanasia remains a taboo subject, no health care practitioner has the opportunity to make the professional decisions that are judicious and humane. Family members also have a moral duty to respect the wishes of their loved ones. End-of-life decisions are a deeply personal and even though a mother or a son might not agree, they still have the ethical obligation to honor a wish to terminate a painful or traumatic life. Ultimately, euthanasia is a personal choice that deserves protection under the law so that, like abortion, it can be practiced safely and under the care of a licensed physician."
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Euthanasia, 2004.
This paper discusses the pros and cons of euthanasia, the most debated topic in medical circles, which carries very sensitive ethical and moral implications.
2,285 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the 'fear factor' is at the root of both sides of the argument. It is the patient's fear of the unbearable pain of the illness and loss of independence that explains the ultimate decision to give up life. From a different perspective, there is also the fear of the doctor's abusing the power given them by legalizing euthanasia. The author points out the astounding fact that 93% of the people in Oregon, which has legalized euthanasia, indicated loss of autonomy and inability to enjoy life as their important 'end of life concerns,' which motivated them to opt for euthanasia. This paper concludes that to develop this into a legalized procedure and to administer it in health care settings would be a serious breach of the Hippocratic Oath of doctors; however, in some very rare and exceptional circumstances, where the rationality of the request is beyond any reasonable doubt, it would be forthright to provide assisted deliverance.
Table of Contents
Thesis
Introduction
Euthanasia (Different Forms)
Voluntary Euthanasia (A Rightful Solution?)
Autonomy
Anti Euthanasia (Improving Palliative Care)
Legalizing Euthanasia (Implications)
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In the United States, Oregon is the only state to have legalized euthanasia. The 'Death with Dignity act' of 1997 legalized the procedure in the state. Since then the number of physician assisted deaths have increased every year to a total of 171 deaths between 1998 and 2003. This is just around 1/7th of one percent of the total number of deaths in that state and pales into insignificance compared to the Dutch figures. However, a look at the 'end of life concerns' for these patients who opted for voluntary euthanasia has raised questions about the validity of the claim that fear about 'unbearable pain' and 'loss of bodily functions' are the main concerns prompting patients to resort to euthanasia."
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