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Euthanasia: The Right to Die, 2002.
A discussion of Euthanasia and its history as well as the laws related to it.
1,340 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Euthanasia, the right to die; the history and legislation concerning this controversial subject, as well as information on recent public and doctor opinion polls leading to a conclusion of support. It also details several cases and court decisions on this issue and how they have affected the laws on Euthanasia. The issue of active euthanasia, or assisted suicide, turns on whether it would have social consequences that refraining would not, on whether it would be possible to establish procedural safeguards for limited active euthanasia and whether such practices would have a significant adverse effect on the treatment of terminal patients in general.
From the Paper
"It its September, 1997 issue, the journal Medical Economics reported (?No longer an Option for One AIDS Patient and His Doctor?) that the Florida Supreme Court had ruled against physician-assisted suicide in a decision overturning a trial judge?s finding, giving AIDS patient Charles E. Hall the right to die as he wished. According to the Florida court, his intention to commit suicide through medical intervention was against the state?s policy to preserve life. Several legal issues have been raised regarding the court?s decision, involving the fact that it was based upon cases where application of artificial treatment could indefinitely prolong life."
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Euthanasia, 2005.
This paper discusses euthanasia as the right to die.
1,460 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that physician-assisted suicide (PAS) should be legal, because it is morally and ethically allowable for a doctor to provide the assistance to a terminally-ill patient to end his or her own life, allowing them the right to determine when and how his or her life should be terminated when that patient is dying from an incurable or debilitating illness. The author points out that the person in question is going to die from the disease and should be the sole determiner of when to end his or her suffering even if it is contrary to the moral or religious viewpoints of family members, doctors or other caregivers. The paper stresses that death in this manner gives the person the opportunity to die with dignity and perhaps even discover the meaning of one's life.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Types of Euthanasia
Physician-Assisted Suicide
Death and Dying
Dying Should Be Seen as a Time of Growth
Conclusion
From the Paper
"When a doctor becomes involved in the premature death of a patient, this is known as physician-assisted suicide which provides the patient with the dignity to die as painlessly as possible and with a sense of personal contentment. In most cases, the patient that requests PAS is not suffering from any mental condition which means that he/she is of sound mind. This greatly aids the attending physician, for it makes it clear that the patient should be given the right to die with dignity when that patient is afflicted with an incurable disease, such as certain types of cancer, Parkinson's or Alzheimer's diseases."
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"The Right To Die", 2002.
A summary and evaluation of Patrick Nowell-Smith's article, "The Right to Die" which discuss the morality of euthanasia.
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 62.95
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Abstract
In the article "The Right to Die", Patrick Nowell-Smith addresses the moral issue of euthanasia. The objectives of his argument is to further the cause for the legalisation of euthanasia in the Canadian context. He builds his argument logically in two areas: a discussion of the distinction between "active" (killing) and "passive" (letting die) euthanasia; and an exploration of the moral and practical arguments against and in favour of euthanasia.
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Euthanasia, 2007.
This paper discusses the controversial issue of euthanasia, or mercy killing.
1,510 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer explains that euthanasia or mercy killing is a Greek word actually meaning 'good or happy death'. The writer notes that in today's terminology, euthanasia means to "allow" someone to die, either at the hands of someone else, or at his or her own hands. The writer then discusses whether it is possible to envisage a level of pain or suffering where suicide is the best way out. The writer also asks whether one could imagine a point in someone's life where life could be considered as unworthy of living. The writer continues that even if the answer to this question is yes, does anyone have the right to end life? The writer concludes that a person's desire to be permitted to seek euthanasia, when a terminal illness becomes prolonged or unbearable, is a result of concern for quality of life and living with dignity without pain and suffering. Further, the writer claims that, while most people acknowledge that in cases of years of vegetative state with no chance of recovery or terminal illness with extreme pain and suffering, people should have a right to ask for euthanasia, permitting 'euthanasia on demand' has to be discouraged.
Outline:
Introduction
Philosophical Views
Types of Euthanasia
Right to Live with Dignity
Euthanasia-An Ethical Dilemma
Conclusions
From the Paper
"Euthanasia is certainly an intensely controversial topic and like pro- and anti - abortion advocates of abortion debate, pro euthanasia and pro-life argument excite high emotions. In this case the debates are opening a topic that certainly requires compassionate consideration. Should the doctors prolong life of a vegetative patient who has been on life support for years without any sign of recovery?
This debate very recently played on television all over the world in the Terri Schiavo Case. In this case, husband of Terri Schiavo, a vegetative patient, fought in courts to implement a promise he made to his wife for euthanasia in such an event. The woman's parents and supporters for anti euthanasia movement opposed withdrawal of the feeding tube and took the case right up to the Supreme Court. Terry Schiavo was eventually allowed to die as she wished, but the debate regarding euthanasia lives on."
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Voluntary Euthanasia in the United Kingdom, 2004.
This paper is an extensive discussion of voluntary euthanasia in the United Kingdom based on secondary research.
13,785 words (approx. 55.1 pages), 36 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper focuses on voluntary euthanasia, euthanasia in which a clearly competent person makes a voluntary request for assistance in dying, which is different from non-voluntary euthanasia because, in this case, a person is either not competent or unable to express a wish about euthanasia. The author points out that many critics believe permitting voluntary euthanasia, which is supported by many people, will lead to permitting non-voluntary euthanasia. The paper states that, in the United Kingdom, physician-assisted suicide and voluntary euthanasia is illegal, but euthanasia was legalized in certain circumstances in the Netherlands in 1994, in the Northern Territory of Australia in 1997, and, in November 1997, Oregon voters approved the Death with Dignity Act (DWDA); the United Kingdom also should legalize a humane death.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Hypothesis
Literature Review
Legalized Euthanasia
About Euthanasia
United Kingdom Law
A Look at the Issue
Conditions for Candidacy for Voluntary Euthanasia
A Case for Voluntary Euthanasia
Objections to Voluntary Euthanasia
A Closer Look at U.K. Legislation
The Importance of Autonomy and Consent
Methodology
Results and Conclusion
From the Paper
"Many religious groups oppose euthanasia because it goes against their faiths. Thomas Aquinas documented traditional Christian beliefs on the issue of suicide (Gula, 1997). Suicide was condemned because it harms other people, and because life is the gift of God and can only taken away by God. Muslims, and Jewish are amongst other faiths that believe life is given by God, and can only be taken away by God. One of the other major points made by religious groups is that "God does not send any experience that we cannot handle (p. 145)". For some faith groups, such as the Roman Catholics, "human suffering can have a positive value for the terminally ill and the caregivers"."
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Euthanasia: Whose Choice Should it Be?, 1999.
This paper analyzes ideas for and against euthanasia and then argues why euthanasia should be a choice for everyone.
2,031 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer discusses and explains the different forms of euthanasia. The writer looks at both sides of the euthanasia argument. The writer notes that those in favor of euthanasia bring up the comparison of passive euthanasia to active euthanasia and then discusses the differences. The writer covers issues such as doctor-assisted suicide and voluntary or involuntary euthanasia. In conclusion, the writer argues that euthanasia is ethically, morally and, should be, legally right for people whose medical condition is terminal, and whose suffering and hardship outweigh the benefit of trying to prolong their life.
From the Paper
"Euthanasia has three sub-categories that can go along with either the passive or active definition. These include voluntary, involuntary, and non-voluntary. The firs sub-category is voluntary. This simply enough means that the patient willingly and capably made the choice. The second sub-category is involuntary. Involuntary, on the other hand, means that the choice was made without the patient's approval, who is otherwise capable of making the decision. Non-voluntary refers to the choice being made for an incompetent patient who is not believed to be capable of making the choice for himself. These three sub-categories play a major factor in how euthanasia is viewed and determined legally."
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Medical Ethics: Euthanasia, 2008.
A discussion on medical ethics concerning euthanasia.
1,724 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the medical ethics concerning euthanasia, presenting arguments both for and against euthanasia. The paper relates that proponents of euthanasia maintain that dying with dignity is a right that every human being should be assured of, while opponents contend that life, in whatever capacity is a human right, and as such no person has the right to take it away from another, regardless of the reasons. The author examines the four principles of ethics that are prominent in the medical profession, non-maleficence, beneficence, autonomy and justice, and suggests that they can be used in considering issues such as euthanasia. The paper also suggests that professionals, family members, and friends of the persons considering euthanasia should be included in the decision making process, so as to curb the problem of practices such as unconsented assisted suicide.
Outline:
Meta-ethical Solutions
Normative Solutions
Conclusion
Sources
From the Paper
"Active euthanasia on the other hand is the administration of a substance to hasten the death of the patient for the purpose of ending suffering for either the person involved or family members in the case of for example a coma that is unlikely to end. Associations such as the AMA are in favor of passive euthanasia, while being opposed to active euthanasia. On the other hand, those who are opposed to euthanasia in all its forms would refer to one distinction as murder and the other as aiding suicide."
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Euthanasia, 2006.
Examines the history and origins of the controversy over euthanasia as well as the arguments presented on both sides of the controversy.
2,637 words (approx. 10.5 pages), 15 sources, APA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the controversial issue of euthanasia and the arguments put forth by both supporters and opponents of this practice. The paper traces the history of euthanasia and the origins of the controversy associated with the practice, pointing out that it wasn't until the rise of Christianity that euthanasia became a mortal sin. The paper argues that euthanasia is a compassionate way for dying persons with no chance of recovery and in great pain, to voluntarily end their lives when and how they wish and is, thus, not an act of murder. The paper further argues that opponents of euthanasia who argue that only God has the right to determine the time and means of a person's death should not try to force their beliefs on all members of society, as to do so would be the real sin.
From the Paper
"Euthanasia has undergone many changes in meaning and acceptability through the Classical era, the rise of Christianity, and the Enlightenment. In today's society, people are split over whether or nor terminally ill patients have the right to decide to terminate their lives. Those who oppose euthanasia feel that only God can decide when and how a person will die; that legalizing euthanasia will lead to abuses and involuntary euthanasia; and that physicians have an obligation to preserve life, not to end it, under the Hippocratic oath. Supporters say that to allow someone to suffer when there is no hope is inhumane, that human beings are autonomous, and that the patient whose pain is controlled by debilitating drugs may have life, but they are not alive. Both sides have good arguments, but neither should be able to enforce their view on the other. Legalized euthanasia is not murder or 'playing God', but a way to afford people who are terminally ill a chance to avoid a long and painful demise by allowing them to chose the time and circumstances of their own death."
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Euthanasia, 2007.
An analysis of the argument in favor of legalizing euthanasia.
1,524 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the contentious issue of modern medical ethics - euthanasia. It describes the "right to die" argument from three related perspectives: the rights-based perspective, the ethical perspective and the practical perspective. The paper discusses the logic behind each of these perspectives. It also explains why, according to these views, the law should protect euthanasia as a fundamental civil right.
From the Paper
"Therefore, the law should protect euthanasia as a fundamental civil right. Decriminalizing physician-assisted suicide does not mean that doctors must agree to euthanasia but rather, that patients have the right to choose doctors who are willing to ease their suffering. Any individual who opposes euthanasia should by all means refuse to take part in it. Individuals who suffer from terminal illnesses and individuals who are in extremely compromised medical situations should be able to choose euthanasia as a civil and legal right. Health care practitioners have an ethical duty to honor the wishes of their patients and to heal their patients in body, mind, and soul. Moreover, doctors and health care practitioners should become more educated about situations that might warrant mercy killing. If euthanasia remains a taboo subject, no health care practitioner has the opportunity to make the professional decisions that are judicious and humane. Family members also have a moral duty to respect the wishes of their loved ones. End-of-life decisions are a deeply personal and even though a mother or a son might not agree, they still have the ethical obligation to honor a wish to terminate a painful or traumatic life. Ultimately, euthanasia is a personal choice that deserves protection under the law so that, like abortion, it can be practiced safely and under the care of a licensed physician."
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Euthanasia, 2004.
This paper discusses the euthanasia case of Woodrow Collums in terms of the morality of his actions and demonstrates that, while active euthanasia may be illegal, both passive and active euthanasia are not morally wrong.
1,550 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, in the case of Woodrow, his action of shooting his brother out of compassion for his condition qualifies as active euthanasia, the action of conscious and determined taking of specific steps to cause a patient?s death. The author points out that there are three types of euthanasia: voluntary euthanasia, the explicit and voluntary consent of the patient in either verbal form or written consent such as in a living will; non-voluntary euthanasia, the killing of a patient who is unable to make his or her intentions known because of their unconscious, comatose, or other disabled state; and involuntary euthanasia, the killing of an individual whose consent is either explicitly or not explicitly given because they do not wish to die. The third type is obviously morally wrong and will not be discussed in this paper. The paper relates that, if by allowing doctors to eliminate the unnecessary suffering of patients based on either the vocal expression of permission or based on the obvious facts in the case, then situations such as Woodrow?s would not occur.
From the Paper
"The case of Woodrow Collums is an example of euthanasia. Woodrow Collums went to the Oak Hills Care Home in Poteet, Texas on November 16, 1981, and saw his brother J.K. Collums. J.K. was a victim of severe Alzheimer?s disease, and was unable to care for his bodily needs, could not speak, and could not respond to others. He was fed through a tube. Woodrow made the conscious decision, on that day, to shoot and kill J.K. His defense for his actions was that is brother was suffering greatly, and he could not, in good conscience, allow that suffering to continue. This is euthanasia: the decision to take a life out of compassion."
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Euthanasia, 2005.
This paper argues that doctor assisted suicide in the form of passive euthanasia and sometimes active euthanasia should be legalized.
995 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that doctor assisted suicide in the form of passive euthanasia should be legalized on the primary basis that human suffering should not be prolonged by medical science simply to extend physical life. The author stresses that terminally ill human beings have the inherent right to refuse medical treatment because they are the moral guardians of their own lives and the ultimate authority to be considered---not doctors, lawyers, insurance companies nor the government. The paper suggests that priorities have to be established in circumstances involving contending rights; in right-to-die issues, the highest priority should be the emotional, psychological and physical well-being of the person faced with inevitable death.
From the Paper
"This moral argument offered by opponents of doctor assisted suicide is of particular interest, for many of these groups explicitly assert that morality includes physical causality and moral culpability. It holds that active euthanasia establishes the physical causality of the physician, while passive euthanasia establishes the physical causality of the disease itself. In other words, in active and passive euthanasia the moral culpability remains the same, that is, it is in the hands of the physician. This is the due to the fact that the physician has the duty and the moral obligation to keep the patient alive. While these two separate worlds within the moral realm may cross in some places, it does not mean that they are one and the same, and this is one of the many reasons that the distinction should not be abolished."
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Euthanasia - Moral Rightness or Wrongness of Robert Latimer's Act, 2000.
This paper tries to answer the question regarding euthanasia cases: Can euthanasia in any form can be morally acceptable in our society?
1,830 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the issue of euthanasia and attempts to define whether euthanasia should be considered morally wrong or right. In order to give an answer to this question and as part of con and pro arguments several cases of voluntary and involuntary euthanasia are discussed in this paper. The case of Robert Latimer occupies a central place in this discussion and ultimately brings into the debate several moral principles-- benefit, sanctity of human life and autonomy.
From the Paper
"Robert Latimer's trial was described in the press as "Trial by popularity" and as newspapers' headlines stated "despite his second murder conviction, Latimer retains legal and public support" regardless of the fact that he caused death of his 12 year old disabled daughter by carbon monoxide. Support and sympathy for Latimer has poured in from all parts of Canada bringing with it the question of the moral rightness of what Tracy's father did."
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"On Death and Dying", 2002.
This paper is a review of Keebler-Ross? book on the stages of death, ?On Death and Dying: What the Dying Have to Teach Doctors, Nurses, Clergy, and Their Own Families?.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 1 source, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper outlines what the book was about, offers some criticism of the text and explains what was learned from book.
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Euthanasia, 2004.
A discussion of the euthanasia debate and the right to choose to die over the legal consequences of ending a life.
1,874 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the issue of euthanasia from both sides of the debate, pro-choice and pro-life. The paper begins with a general introduction of the topic before looking at the legal and moral arguments for and against euthanasia. The paper concludes that there is no simple answer, and the debate will most likely continue for a long time to come.
Contents
Introduction
Thesis
Legal Rights-Based Arguments For Euthanasia
Legal Rights-Based Arguments Against Euthanasia
Counter Arguments to ?the Dutch Case?
Other issues?Arguments and counter arguments
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The issue of euthanasia will continue to rage on in legal, medical, and moral circles, because ultimately it always asks what is the purpose of life, an essentially unanswerable query. Because of the unanswerable nature of this question, one is forced to allow it in medically dire cases, or when the will of those whose lives have been compromised by brain injury, to prevent the living of a life in pain, or against a terminal individual?s expressed will. But in more murky cases, the state must intervene to preserve life, such as when a depressed individual wishes to commit suicide."
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