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European Union Environmental Policy-Making, 2003.
An exploration of the the manner in which various domestic factors in the European Union member states can influence the Union's policy-making.
2,717 words (approx. 10.9 pages), 18 sources, APA, $ 81.95
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Abstract
This paper shows, without discounting the force of global and European structure and mechanisms, how each member state?s position in environmental policy-making in the EU level is determined by its own national interests that are derived from its own domestic characteristics and conditions. It looks at how public opinion, economic structure, geographical conditions and political construction, all shape the state?s case-by-case position in the EU. It shows how ideally member states would rather have its own regulation adopted as the EU-wide legislation as that will entail no adjustment costs on its part. It also examines in the environmental sector how the need to maintain competitiveness, to regain internal market access, or simply to ensure the success of a quality-of-living protection programme drives member states even further in its effort to influence the resulting EU legislation.
From the Paper
"The European Union as known today originated from the need of West European countries for a regional arrangement to facilitate their economic development. The European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM) created by the founding Treaties of the European Communities were created as functional agencies only in charge of the coordination of national, economic strategies in designated sectors, whether they will lead to a supranational body or not. The Treaty of Rome in 1957 did not include any articles that made specific reference to the creation of an environmental policy, which originally was thought to be potentially detrimental to the economic development."
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How Domestic Factors Influence EU Environmental Policy-Making, 2003.
This paper explores the ways in which various domestic factors in the EU member states can influence the Union's policy-making.
3,429 words (approx. 13.7 pages), 18 sources, MLA, $ 97.95
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Abstract
The paper uses research to analyze the different ways in which environmental policy-making in the EU has been influenced by domestic factors in the member states. The writer finds that public awareness in the 1970s and the success of the Greens in some countries affected the EU. The paper cites case studies of Germany, Denmark, the UK and Spain.
From the Paper
"The European Union as known today originated from the need of West European countries for a regional arrangement to facilitate their economic development. The European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM) created by the founding Treaties of the European Communities were created as functional agencies only in charge of the coordination of national, economic strategies in designated sectors, whether they will lead to a supranational body or not. The Treaty of Rome in 1957 did not include any articles that made specific reference to the creation of an environmental policy, which originally was thought to be potentially detrimental to the economic development."
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Case Study: Non European Union (EU) or European Union, 2008.
Discusses the European Union (EU) and its individual markets as a potential target market for entry by a foreign enterprise as well as a non-member market.
1,785 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This analysis examines the characteristics of two specific target countries for potential market entry by a foreign enterprise. The two countries examined are a non-EU member country which is Indonesia and an EU member state which is Spain. Additionally, the benefits and disadvantages of such countries vis-a-vis individual company acquisitions or joint venture targets are discussed.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Country Analysis
Overview
Target Country One--Indonesia
Cultural
Trading Blocs and Related Data
Major Currencies
Fund Repatriation and Exchange Rate Risks
Target Country Two--Spain
Cultural
Trading Blocs and Related Data
Major Currencies
Fund Repatriation and Exchange Rate Risks
European Union Membership Versus
Non-Membership
The EU Market Environment
Non-EU Market Disadvantages
Business and Commerce in EU Markets
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The most important regional trading blocs related to this project are ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations). Indonesia reported a trade surplus with Japan of $9,018m, $5,096m with the United States, and $1,958m with China as recently as 2000 which indicative a strong export economy (Indonesia, 2006). These and its other total exports formed the equivalent of $57.4b worth of exports in 2001. Its current account stands at $6,899m and balance on goods of $22,695 while its balance on services totals a deficit of -$10,380m . Regional barriers to trade are minimal."
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European Environmental Policy, 2004.
Assesses the changes in European environmental policy since the 1970s and whether these changes have made the policy more effective.
2,756 words (approx. 11.0 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 82.95
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Abstract
This essay assesses the changes European environmental policy making has undergone since the 1970s in respect of their effectiveness. First, it is shown how European environmental policy making has changed in terms of its scope and legalization on a European level. The paper then shows with what instruments European institutions have tackled environmental protection.
Table of Contents:
1. Introduction
2. Legalization
2.1. Treaty of Rome
2.2. Single European Act
2.3. Treaty on European Union
3. Instruments
3.1. Moral Suasion
3.2. Regulatory Instruments
3.3. Financial Instruments
3.4. Market Instruments
3.4.1. Eco-tax
3.4.2. Eco-labels
4. Conclusion
5. References
From the Paper
"In 1993 the Commission established the European Environment Agency (EEA) in Copenhagen, which succeeded the CORINE programme, an experimental data collection project, along with the European Environment Information and Observation Network. The EEA "is intended to provide the Community and the Member States with objective, reliable and comparable information at European level enabling them to take the requisite measures to protect the environment" (Dinan, 2000:171). As the EEA does not have an enforcement role of EU environmental legislation, it is hard to assess its direct impact on environmental protection."
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Portuguese Farm Policy and the European Union, 2002.
This paper discusses the effect of the European Union (EU) policy on Portugal?s agriculture.
1,075 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper states that the European Union funding programs did not improve Portugal?s ability to competitive with other European Countries in the agriculture market. The paper details the EU Common Agricultural Policy, the current Portuguese agriculture situation, the food retailers and the character of Portuguese Farms. It concludes that agricultural policies will not be enough to slow the transition of the younger generation from farmers into other areas.
From the Paper
"When Portugal entered the EU, it did so from a position of lagging far behind other countries in technology and production methods. Its chief agricultural exports are grain, potatoes, olives, grapes, sheep, cattle, goats, and poultry, beef and dairy products. Only 10% of the country is engaged in agriculture as compared to 60% in services and 30% in industry. As of 1999, Portugal imported more agricultural products than it produced (Eurostat, 2001)."
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The European Union's Common Foreign and Security Policy, 2007.
An analysis of the European Union's Common Foreign and Security Policy and European Security and Defense Policy, since the Maastricht Treaty.
3,578 words (approx. 14.3 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 100.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the development of the European Union's (EU)Common Foreign and Security Policy and the European Security and Defense Policy (ESDP) since the Maastricht Treaty. It aims to determine how successful these institutional developments have been in addressing current security challenges. The paper also identifies how these processes are affecting the respective members of the EU and North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview
Recent Trends and Events
Current and Future Trends
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The research showed that most observers did not expect the process to be seamless or trouble-free, but it would seem that the trends clearly indicate that the Europeanization process continues to move forward in inexorable ways, with the need for establishing a viable mechanism to provide for mutual defense representing one of the more compelling reasons in support of the process. While the nations of Europe have historically sought out such alliances for their mutual defense, the process has expanded in recent years to include many former adversaries that appeared to represent a step in the right direction for ensuring a prosperous future for all members of the EU. Alas, the war on terrorism is not going to be finished anytime soon and defense will likely remain at the forefront of the move toward a United States of Europe that reflects the mutual but diverse interests of its members."
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European Union, 2006.
A review of the European Union's communities and policies.
2,001 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a brief look at the various European Union's economic policies, such as the European Economic Community and the European Monetary Union. According to the paper, the EU has maintained the momentum of its internal economic integration agenda.
Outline:
Activities of the EEC
Structure Of European Union
European Council
European Commission
Functioning of the EEC
European Monetary Union
Common Market Policy
EURO - The New World Currency
The Current Scenario in the European Union
From the Paper
"Regional Development Policy: The objectives of the Regional Development Policy of the EEC is to promote balanced development of the member countries by reducing regional disparities and by developing rapidly the backward regions. To achieve this objective, the EEC provides financial assistance for the development of the backward regions of the member countries. The Financial assistance is provided through."
"European Investment Bank: EEC established this bank in 1958. It provides loans and guarantees the loans raised by the member countries for the development of the backward regions. It grants loans for modernization, conversion and development projects that are beyond the financial abilities of the member governments. It also provides loans for the projects in which member governments have common interest."
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Spain and the European Union, 2005.
An overview of the reasons why Spain joined the European Union.
4,571 words (approx. 18.3 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 118.95
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Abstract
An overview of the European Union and its functions and aims are presented at the outset of this paper to show why Spain joined the Union and what the criterion were that Spain possessed that the European Union found sufficient enough for it to join. All the member states, including Spain, are now facing better prospects as they are enjoying better economic and regional development in their state. The paper concludes that Spain is better off because it joined the European Union. The European Union in itself has made Europe a strong force to be reckoned with, and as more and more members join in, the European Union will only grow in strength, and the member states will benefit immensely.
From the Paper
"The Article 151 of the Treaty of the European Union that establishes the European Community as such, states that the capabilities of a community in a cultural atmosphere will be defined and that a certain community would respect the culture and the tradition of other cultures in a way that diversity would be promoted and encouraged. Cultural and community are interrelated in certain ways, and the members of the European Union must remember this. The issue of the incorporation of equal opportunity into the community policies of the European Union is also an important one that has served to exert an influence on the economic and the regional development of Spain."
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NAFTA Vs. the European Union, 2007.
This paper explores continental nationalism and trade policy agendas, focusing on NAFTA and the European Union.
3,071 words (approx. 12.3 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 89.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at why the countries of the North American zone; Canada, the United States and Mexico joined together as an economic bloc and why European nations chose to re-constitute themselves into a single political and economic bloc after the Second World War. The paper then examines how economic integration between the European and North American countries has been and is pursued. The paper compares NAFTA to the European Union and explores the tensions between the two powerful trading blocs and where their tense relationship appears to be headed.
Outline:
Introduction
The North American Free Trade Agreement
The European Union: Its Origins, its "Unity-Based" Agenda, and its Collective Trade Policy
Comparing NAFTA with the European Union
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The "official" reasons for the emergence of the North American Free Trade Agreement are stated in Article 102 of the document. Specifically, the document states that all three signatories wish to eliminate barriers in trade and to facilitate the free movement of goods and services across the boundaries of the various territories. Article 102 also makes it clear that NAFTA is meant to promote "fair competition" and to increase investment opportunities for all three nations. As importantly as anything else, the document also delineates that the free trade accord is meant to ensure that intellectual property rights and the enforcement of intellectual property rights is carried out effectively and vigorously in all of the ratifying nations."
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Greek Influence on the European Union, 2005.
A research study on the the influence of Greece in the European Union since the Maastricht Treaty.
10,248 words (approx. 41.0 pages), 30 sources, APA, $ 206.95
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Abstract
This study attempts to illustrate how Greece has influenced the European Union by examining specific major events and structural guidelines that are not just regional considerations but have world wide implications. This examination takes place in the light of how the Greeks, in particular, have seen their presence in the union shape and sway the both the look and direction of the body. The specific areas of analysis include the enlargement processes of 1995 and 2004, the Greek influence on European Monetary Union (EMU) and an examination of how Greece has affected the European Union's Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) specifically during the U.S. war in Iraq and the resulting differences that occurred amongst the EU member states. In addition, the study analyzes the specific impact of the term of the Greek presidency within the EU briefly and as it related to the U.S. war in Iraq in 2003. As the facts are presented and examined, the paper makes it clear how the Greek nation has had a measurable influence on the membership, policy and direction of the EU and provide an insight into what lasting impact has been left by the Children of Hellas.
Table of Contents
Problem Statement and Goal
Relevance and Significance
Barriers and Issues
Limitations
Research Questions
Summary
Introduction
Brief Historical Background
The Maastricht Treaty
The Creation of the Euro
The Three-Pillar Structure
Enlargement Process of 1995
Enlargement Process of 2004
Greek Influence in the European Monetary Union
The EU Presidency
Report on the Findings of the Research
Implications of the Findings
Recommendations
From the Paper
"The first setting that must be provided is a short history. This is done to properly contextualize the role played by Greece since the signing of the Maastricht Treaty and provides some basic information about the history and development of the EU. This brief historical look at the evolution of the European Union is not meant to be exhaustive instead the information is simply included to provide the reader with a feel for the methodology by which the union has taken shape. It is helpful to note at this point that the formation of the European Union is dramatically different than the formation of the United States but references are made to the so-called 'United States of Europe.' Where applicable, this statement will be elaborated upon and clarified as necessary."
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Multilevel Governance in the European Union, 2005.
This paper discusses the European Union and looks at the effects of its multilevel governance.
3,825 words (approx. 15.3 pages), 17 sources, $ 151.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the government of the European Union and the effects that changes therein have had on various elements of European society. Specifically, the paper address how multilevel governance in the European Union has affected the labor movement and labor unions, the environmental movement in Europe, as well as various sub-national and regional movements throughout the continent.
From the Paper
"The European Union (EU) is an interesting historical case of the developments that have occurred to the institution of the nation state over the course of the twentieth century. What so few people, outside of academic circles, realize is that the nation state is not a natural organizational structure. It is simply one more historical construction that was developed over time. Benedict Anderson, in his historically relevant Imagined Communities, writes, "[N]ation-ness, as well as nationalism, are cultural artifacts of a particular kind. By this he means that nations, despite all that cultural ideology has whispered in our ears, are products of human creation. They are invented institutions, albeit exceptionally powerful ones, upon which international affairs has relied for several centuries."
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European Union, 2003.
A discussion on European Union's non-agricultural trade policy.
1,840 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the European Union (EU) policy in the Doha round of international trade talks. It emphasizes the EU objectives of compressing tariffs, increasing tariff binding and favoring environmental goods. The author explores the significance of the trade issue.
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France, Britain and the European Union, 2006.
Examines the impact of the European Union on the social and economic elements of France and the United Kingdom.
3,203 words (approx. 12.8 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 92.95
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Abstract
In order to fully understand the impact of the European Union and its effects on Great Britain and France, as well as the rest of its members, this paper takes a critical look at how their economies and societies have changed over the last few years. Great Britain and France are two of the strongest nations that participated in the European Union experiment and their problems of integration are perhaps representative of the problems that the rest of the EU suffers. This paper examines the socio-economic impact of the European Union on the unity and culture of these two powerful nations.
From the Paper
"For Great Britain the greatest damage of the European Union has been on its currency. With the onset of the EU, and the creation of the Euro, the pound sterling has taken a large hit in the international monetary market. Pre Euro, the pound sterling and the Deutschemark were the standard currency of the European market next to the dollar. However, with the birth of the Euro, most international banks want to fill its reserves with the Euro because it spreads out the risk of inflation and other negative factors across many member states and therefore it is largely more stable than other currencies. With this shift in currency focus, the pound has been doing relatively badly against the dollar as well as the Euro."
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Business and the European Union, 2006.
This paper examines the impact of the European Union as a leading partner of various industrialized nations.
1,890 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
The writer of this paper explores the European Union (EU), the largest trading entity in the world, accounting in 1998 for 20% of global merchandise exports. This paper also probes the EU's firm commitment to the promotion of open and fair trade with all its trading partners.
Topics covered in this report include:
The European Union is the World's Largest Trade Partner
The EU is a Growing Integrated Economy, Open to Trade with Outside Countries
European Union Enlargement
So the EU Strongly Supports Rules-Based System for International Trade
Multilateral Issues
The Need for WTO Agreement on Removal of Procedural Barrier to Trade
Globalization in Progress
Bilateral Trade Relations
Comprehensive Trade Negotiations
The EU Wants Developing Countries to Benefit as Well
Bibliography
From the Paper
"The current European Union of 15 members is the largest single market in the world. There are no internal frontiers and the harmonization of regulations and the standards ensures a freer circulation of goods and services than is possible within many individual countries. With a number of Central European and Mediterranean candidate countries scheduled to join the EU, a single set of trade rules, a single tariff, and a single set of administrative procedures will apply not just across the existing member states but also across the enlarged Union in years to come."
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European Union, 2001.
An in depth look at the foreign policies of the European Union.
1,580 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 1 source, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper is a discussion about the foreign policies of the European Union. The author goes into detail about the types of relations amongst the nations in the union, the type of stance the union has and the different principles that it upholds.
From the Paper
"The emergence of global and regional crises and other similar challenges, including developments in the territories of the European Union have increased the demand on the EU to focus on its foreign policies and give them more significance. The European Union as a single economic block has considerable impact on the world markets and is of significant importance to other non EU states. The main reason for the increase in demand for a more focused foreign policy is the rise in expectation from other countries. To address this need the Treaty of Amsterdam was signed hence providing new strategies to bring further improve the effectiveness of the EU foreign policy. This treaty was implemented on the 1st may 1999. the plan to improve the external policies of the EU does include Common Foreign and Security policy. The actual implementation of the common foreign and security policy was implemented in 1993 through a statute called the Maastricht treaty. This accord addressed the issue of a common foreign and security policy using the frame work of a single institution."
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