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European Refugee Policy, 2006.
A look at the achievements made by the E.U.towards a European refugee policy through a review of Joanne Van Selm's "European Refugee Policy: is There Such a Thing?".
2,954 words (approx. 11.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 87.95
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Abstract
This paper analyses Joanne Van Selm's working paper "European Refugee Policy: is There Such a Thing?". It discusses how "illegal immigrant", "asylum seeker", "refugee", "economic refugee" are all phrases that tend to create confusion in the minds of E.U. citizens. It looks at how the 25 Member-States barely have a common immigration policy, though they do have a few guidelines for a harmonisation of asylum policy. It is in this context, that the question of the existence of a European Refugee policy is discussed.
Outline:
Introduction
What Has Been Achieved in the EU so Far (From the Schengen Agreement to Now) Does Not Always Take the Right Direction Towards A Common Refugee Policy.
Implementing Agreements on Immigration, Asylum and Refugees in the EU: A Common Approach or 25 Approaches?
The Lack of Political Will of Fortress Europe Does Not Help Shaping a Common Refugee Policy
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The very way refugee issues are dealt with within the EU is counterproductive, in terms of defence of human rights. VAN SELM explains that "there are [...] more national civil servants [than EU civil servants] dealing with asylum and refugee policy. They are all within the most sovereign control-oriented ministries too (Justice and Home Affairs) [...] Since where you stand is influenced by where you sit, it seems natural that these policy makers would be more likely to guard national interest and defend national policy than to consider the situations in countries and regions around the world, and the most appropriate policy Europe as a whole could pursue in the interest of maintaining stability by guaranteeing protection to refugees." Part of this safeguarding of the national interest would also be the lack of funds granted to refugee issues. If it is true that some EU Member States do "use part of their own overseas development aid to assist refugees in emergency and protracted situations around the world" (p.18), VAN SELM notes that "this is rarely done in a systemic way." Countries like Malta spent their ODA on detained asylum seekers, hence having anything but a refugee policy."
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European Communities and the European Court of Justice, 1990.
This paper examines the role of the European Court of Justice in the political integration of the member states of the European Communities: European cooperation in economics, national interests, law and integration of actions and policies.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 11 sources, $ 55.95
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From the Paper
"This research examines the role of the European Court of Justice in the political integration of the member states of the European Communities. The Court of Justice is a body of the European Communities. There are several sub-communities of the European Communities, of which the most widely known is the European Economic Community.
Integration in Europe
Within the context of international regional integration, there are five levels--(a) free-trade area, (b) customs union, (c) common market, (d) economic union, and (e) political union (Grosse & Kujawa, 1988). Each successive level involves a greater degree of integration. At the lowest level of integration, the free-trade area, tariffs are eliminated on the ... "
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The Refugee Crisis and Threat to Australian National Identity, 2003.
A look at how the current refugee ?crisis? challenges the dominant understandings of Australian national identity.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look into the true definition of a refugee and the Australian government's stance on 'boat people' - also referred to as asylum seekers - and their policy on unauthorised arrivals. Mention is made of the condition of Australia's detention centres, and some of the conundrums faced when determining the fate of illegal immigrants. Is it fair to give a place reserved for a genuine refugee to those who do not come via established means? Additionally, the paper looks at the everyday Australian's view on multiculturalism with reference to imagined communities and the old White Australia Policy. Clearly the influx of refugees has changed the way Australians view themselvs as a nation and led many people to re-examine Australia?s cultural and social makeup.
From the Paper
"As Australians, we have all been touched by the recent refugee crisis in some way or another, with an increased influx of asylum seekers coming to our shores over the last few years. Indeed it is a human tragedy that people can be so desperate to flee their homeland that they are willing to travel thousands of kilometres across land and sea, eventually culminating in a ?passage of terror? on an unsafe boat that more than likely would be carrying three to four times the normal number of passengers. The arrival of these ?boat people? has caused of a division within our society ? those who are accommodating to the fact that these people have fled their county and should be allowed to stay, and those who believe that an influx of so called ?illegal? refugees will lead to a perceived loss of national identity ? who want them to be sent back where they came from if no sufficient enough reason is forthcoming. The plight of international refugees is a cause for global concern, however understanding the key issues can be difficult for those with little background knowledge."
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Canadian Immigration Policy, 2002.
Examines how immigration policy in Canada overlooks gender issues.
2,150 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 13 sources, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper explains how Canadian immigration policy does not address matters of gender, for immigrants still tend to be looked at in generic ways. At different points, it is stressed too that studies of immigrant and refugee conditions have sometimes tended to lump refugee women into categories that have already been in place that have more to do with a general concern for inequality at large, racism and sexism. Resettlement in Canada can be a challenging and troubling experience for women and it is stressed that women need not be asylum-seekers in order to find immigration to Canada a project that exceeds what they have expected.
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Asylum Policy in the EU, 2008.
This paper discusses the notion of safe third countries in the European Union.
4,464 words (approx. 17.9 pages), 18 sources, APA, $ 116.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that France will take the presidency of the European Union (EU) from July to December 2008. Priorities during this period include a "common pact on immigration and asylum" , which aims towards a greater harmonisation in these fields, but which does not mention enforcing a better respect of human rights. The writer points out that this issue triggers questions about the role of the EU as a global player in the field of human rights. Indeed, asylum - which refers to the protection granted by a foreign country to a person persecuted for political opinions or religious beliefs in its own country - is per se linked to human rights. However, current EU policies tend to criminalize migrants trying to enter and settle in "Fortress Europe", disregarding their reasons for migrating. The writer discusses that a new trend has recently been development in the management of asylum procedures: third countries have been listed as "safe", which implicitly means that they should not produce refugees and therefore that nationals of such countries who would yet claim asylum might not been "genuine" refugees. One can then wonder why the EU implements such a principle and what are the consequences on the new asylum procedures, as far as human rights are concerned. In this essay, the writer focuses on the implementation of the principle of "safe third countries" in the EU and the criticisms it raises.
Outline:
INTRODUCTION
I. CURRENT IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SAFE THIRD COUNTRY PRINCIPLE IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
A. BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON COMMON ASYLUM POLICIES AT EU LEVEL
1. International Legislation
2. EU Legislation
Before the Amsterdam Treaty (1999)
The Amsterdam Treaty
The Tampere Treaty and its Aftermath
The Hague Program (2004)
B. BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON THE NOTION OF SAFE THIRD COUNTRIES
1. Justification of the Principle of "safe third country"
2. European Vision of Safe Third Countries
Uses of Safe Third Country Principle in Europe
II. CRITIC OF THE SAFE THIRD COUNTRY PRINCIPLE
A. LEGALITY OF SAFE THIRD COUNTRY LISTS
1. Human Rights Issues in "safe" Third Countries
2. A Breach in the Geneva Convention?
B. NEGATIVE IMPACTS AND COUNTER-ACTIONS TAKEN BY NGOS TO FIGHT AGAINST THIS PRINCIPLE
1. Consequences of the Implementation of Safe Third Countries Principle
In the "Old Europe": Decreasing Rates of Asylum Claims in France
A New Burden for Bordering Countries of the EU and EU's Neighbours
2. Counter-strike of NGOS: Case Forum Refugies vs. OFPRA
CONCLUSION
Bibliography
From the Paper
"To deal with asylum, it is necessary to remind some basic points of the Convention. Firstly, according to the 1951 Geneva Convention, to be granted refugee status, an asylum seek must lodge his/her claim in the State s/he wants to be recognize by, that is to say, s/he must have physical access to the territory of this State to start a procedure in which the validity of his/her claims can be assessed. Secondly, it is up to each State party to the convention to interpret the convention at its own discrepancy. Some States can be criticized for rejecting many asylum claims but that does not prove in itself a violation of the Convention, but rather a very strict interpretation. Thirdly, we need to remind ourselves that returning to their country of origin rejected asylum seekers and generally all irregular migrants not in need of protection is a difficult challenge. The procedures of detention, deportation and readmission have not been addressed by the 1951 Convention. Such measures depend on national or EU rules, but still should comply with international human rights standards. Both the overstaying and the removal of rejected asylum seekers create problems in terms of credibility and integrity of asylum systems. This is part of a wider debate on the balance of international cooperation and solidarity and control of migration fluxes."
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?Refugee Studies and Politics", 2004.
A book review of ?Refugee Studies and Politics - Human Dimensions and Response Perspectives? by Susanne Binder and Jelena Tosic.
1,965 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 0 sources, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews this book which creates a new focus on refugee studies, especially in the context of the former Yugoslavia and Austria, which were badly hit by a sudden inflow of people affected by the conflicts in the Balkans. It highlights the shortcomings of existent approaches towards refugees and provides a sense of direction for the future European policies dealing with asylum seekers in order to avoid mistakes of the past.
From the Paper
"The Western world has been addressing the issues of settlement facilitation and integration of a growing number of refugees for some time now. These policies have, to some considerable degree, been associated with ambiguity, complexity and contention. As a matter of principle, the refugee as a category implies the right to special protection, including a possibility of social integration. In practice, however, integration is assessed in accordance with the situation in receiving country and compatibility of refugees' and local cultures. Thus it takes the willingness of both groups to adjust."
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Social Work and Immigration Policy, 2004.
This paper discusses the social work considerations in the provision of social welfare services to refugees and documented and undocumented aliens in the United States.
3,055 words (approx. 12.2 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, while all immigrants are obviously not Middle Eastern in origin, the impact of September 11 on the national consciousness concerning immigration policies in general has resulted in a severe backlash against all immigrants, creating one of the toughest debate on how best to provide social welfare services. The author points out that, to ensure that all people in the U.S. are provided with minimum levels of social services, the social work community must organize on the national level and secure the assistance of key legislators who are in the best position to effect the changes in policy. The paper recommends that the national social work organization should provide legislators with personal and empirical observations about the importance and urgency of this issue for people who would come to the United States seeking gainful and legal employment.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Identification of Improvements Needed in the Existing Policy
Analysis of Published Empirical Data that Impacts Arguments.
Description of Current Political and Social Issues.
Proposed Policy Practice Strategy using Legislative Advocacy.
Identification of Actions Needed to Implement the Strategy.
Proposed Timeline for Strategy Implementation.
Phase One
Phase Two
Discussion of the Policy Practice Skills Required by the Strategy.
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The terrorist attacks of September 11 were carried out by 19 Arab noncitizens, and many Americans have reason to believe that other Arab noncitizens are linked with these nationalities. The fear that pervades the American consciousness today is directly reflected in how the mainstream public views policies concerning immigration. ?Citizens, it is said, are presumptively loyal; noncitizens are not. Thus, it is not irrational to focus on Arab noncitizens. Moreover, on a normative level, if citizens and noncitizens were treated identically, citizenship itself might be rendered meaningless?. The part played by mainstream media and its impact on immigration laws have been pronounced; however, perhaps even more fundamental for the purposes of the provision of timely and effective social work services is the new mindset that emerged after September 11 that created two distinct and unmistakable categories for Americans: there is ?us,? and then there is ?them.? "
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"The German Refugee", 2004.
This paper examines Bernard Malamud's protagonist Oskar in the novel "The German Refugee."
1,130 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
The paper analyzes Bernard Malamud's protagonist Oskar in the novel "The German Refugee." The paper focuses on the theme of self-loathing and connection with others as the means of overcoming the pain and challenges associated with being a refugee in a hostile environment.
From the Paper
"Oskar Gassner is a German-Jewish journalist living in New York City. He is a refugee having escaped Nazi Germany just months after the pogrom of Oskar's inability to deal with his torment and anguish over his knowledge of the persecution of Jews by Germans leads to his suicide. Oskar's hatred of Germany and all things German leads him to fail to view the world from a balanced perspective."
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Refugee Children, 2005.
A research proposal for the study of the cognitive development and nutrition of refugee children.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 8 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper is a research proposal for qualitative study of refugee children in relation to cognitive development/differences that can lead to the common refugee experience of malnutrition. The study consists of textual research and interviewing primary students. It looks at how many children sent to special education or otherwise as seen as in need of extra help may actually have deficiencies, or their affects, that can be medically treated.
From the Paper
"Many articles refer to normal cognitive development according to a Western and, particularly, North American environment. However, in the central Canadian city of Toronto, elementary teachers often meet pupils of different cognitive development that may owe to a different culture in the home, language acquisition, and pre-migration upsets. Teachers need to realize that many elementary students are from war-affected families. As opposed to PTSD or other results of political violence, children are more apt to present the results of early malnutrition led by vitamin deficiencies as they can affect cognitive development."
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Case Study: Non European Union (EU) or European Union, 2008.
Discusses the European Union (EU) and its individual markets as a potential target market for entry by a foreign enterprise as well as a non-member market.
1,785 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This analysis examines the characteristics of two specific target countries for potential market entry by a foreign enterprise. The two countries examined are a non-EU member country which is Indonesia and an EU member state which is Spain. Additionally, the benefits and disadvantages of such countries vis-a-vis individual company acquisitions or joint venture targets are discussed.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Country Analysis
Overview
Target Country One--Indonesia
Cultural
Trading Blocs and Related Data
Major Currencies
Fund Repatriation and Exchange Rate Risks
Target Country Two--Spain
Cultural
Trading Blocs and Related Data
Major Currencies
Fund Repatriation and Exchange Rate Risks
European Union Membership Versus
Non-Membership
The EU Market Environment
Non-EU Market Disadvantages
Business and Commerce in EU Markets
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The most important regional trading blocs related to this project are ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations). Indonesia reported a trade surplus with Japan of $9,018m, $5,096m with the United States, and $1,958m with China as recently as 2000 which indicative a strong export economy (Indonesia, 2006). These and its other total exports formed the equivalent of $57.4b worth of exports in 2001. Its current account stands at $6,899m and balance on goods of $22,695 while its balance on services totals a deficit of -$10,380m . Regional barriers to trade are minimal."
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Refugee Health Care, 2002.
This paper looks at the Vietnamese refugees in the community of Watts, Los Angeles and their health care needs.
3,455 words (approx. 13.8 pages), 20 sources, APA, $ 97.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the healthcare needs of a particular community, or rather of a particular sub-community within the larger community of Watts, in Los Angeles. Still best known as the place of the first series of Los Angeles riots this century, it remains a poor neighborhood whose residents often feel that their portion of the American Dream is an inappropriately small one. This paper examines what might be seen as the collective health of the neighborhood of Watts and specifically of a group of refugees living within this community ? immigrant Vietnamese who have come to the United States during the past three decades and who maintain a very fragile status within both the neighborhood of Watts itself and the larger city of Los Angeles. The paper discusses the history of the neighborhood of Watts, its present social and economic situation and community nursing in the neighborhood.
From the Paper
"Another area that would be most subject to amelioration through community nursing is the arena of pre-natal care. All women want to have healthy babies, but the barriers to giving birth to a baby with no initial health problems is substantial for poor women. Studies among poor minority women communities have found that transportation difficulties, long waiting time, and having too many other problems were the most common impediments to care reported by all women regardless of their adequacy of prenatal care use. Any attempt to increase the quality of pre-natal care in a community like Watts must be attuned to these social conditions, for the best contemporary pre-natal care has everything to do with culture and very little to do with high-tech medicine (Chatters et al. 1998, pp. 689-90)."
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Liberian Refugee, 2004.
An interview with a man who escaped from political oppression in Liberia.
1,550 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the historical context of one man's escape from Liberia to the United States. The history, social structure, and political climate is examined. The paper also examines this man's life as he explores American society, covering how he copes, his support systems, etc.
From the Paper
"According to my client, some efforts are in place to support the cultural traditions of Liberia here in the United States. Organizations have been established to create a support network. One such organization is the Gbamue Banana Ei Kpai Association in America. This collective works to uphold the values and traditions of Liberia. They collect annual dues of $300 toward relief efforts for new refugees and to finance the reunification of displaced families. This organization has been very important to his transition to the United States my client points out. Being part of such an organization allows him to network to with other Liberians and helps him feel like part of a group. The importance of community seems to be consistent in both the readings and the experience of my client. As evidence in the earlier portions of this examination, a great of emphasis in placed on family and group activities. They seem to experience great joy in sharing important events with family and friends."
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Iranian Refugee Issues, 2002.
A look at how Iran has based its constitution and mandates on the Islamic religion.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Quran's position on asylum seekers, what Islamic Law, the Quran, and the Iranian Constitution state about freedom of press, human rights, and women's rights, and how the country of Iran has interpreted these laws to fit their constitution and mandates.
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The Merry-Go-Round of Australian Welfare, 2004.
An examination of current Australian refugee policy and how historical laws and moral imperatives have paved the way for strict and, some could argue, inhumane refugee laws.
2,519 words (approx. 10.1 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how Australia's often controversial refugee policy can be seen to reflect certain philosophies that determine who is allowed to enter Australia and who is not. It discusses the four main philosophies behind the policy: residualism; selectivity and targeting; ?deserving? and ?undeserving?; and blaming the victim (cf. structuralism). It also provides an examination of the current refugee laws, including current quotes from leading Australian politicians regarding refugees and Australian law.
Outline
Under the Big Top: Residualism, a ?Safety Net?, the ?Ladder of Opportunity? and One White Monkey
A Volunteer From the Audience Please!: The Politics of Selectivity
Admission Prices: Who Gets In and What Your Ticket Gives You
Eeny Meaney Miney Mo: The Deserving Desirables of a Humanitarian Program
Beggars and Hecklers: The Price of Absent Security
Crowd Control: Moderating the Masses
Memoirs of a Mime: The Day the Crowd Fell Silent
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The first philosophy regarding welfare in Australia is undoubtedly the concept of residualism versus universalism, as this addresses from the very beginning whether welfare will be targeted only at individuals in need, as in the residualist model, or whether every citizen will be universally provided for regardless of income or standing. Historically, Australia has largely been a residual welfare state in accordance with its tendency to political conservatism emphasising individual self-reliance. Residualist welfare developed in Australia around the presumption of full employment; wage levels were guaranteed by the Harvester judgement relegating government welfare to the status of a ?safety net? for those men who experienced temporary unemployment. The key concept behind this residualist support for unemployed men however was the assumption of limited welfare; it was only intended as a safety net for short periods of time, to ?break the fall towards destitution and sustain a man and his family while they help him climb the ladder of opportunity again.?"
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The Europeanization Process.
This paper is a research project which discusses the Europeanization of Europe through the European Union (EU).
15,550 words (approx. 62.2 pages), 41 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper studies the concept of Europeanization by examining the geo-social framework in which this process is taking place, along several key dimensions, including labor, immigration and refugees; financial and securities and legal considerations. The author uses a methodology that includes an interpretive approach to the scholarly literature followed by an analysis of relevant statistical data, which are indicative of the key dimensions being investigated to identify past, current and future trends in the Europeanization process. The paper relates that the research clearly showed that, in sharp contrast to the United States being the "melting pot" of the world, the nations of Europe have historically been fiercely proud of their unique and distinct cultural and political heritages, making the transition to an integrated political and economic entity all the more problematic. Many charts and tables.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of Study
Scope of Study
Rationale of Study
Overview of Study
Review of Related Literature
Background and Overview
Areas of European Harmonization
Labor, Immigration and Refugees
Finance and Securities
Advantage:
Disadvantages
Legal
Methodology
Data Analysis
Labor and Immigration
Finance and Securities
Legal
Synthesis
Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations
Summary
Conclusion
Recommendations
From the Paper
"Although these are the same types of forces that have historically fueled societal growth around the world, the EU appears to be experiencing them in more profound and pervasive ways than have ever been experienced before. As a result, the integration of the European community has continued its rocky but relentless course throughout the last decade of the 20th century, including the creation of a European Union and a single currency in the 1992 Maastricht Treaty, as well as the subsequent deepening of integration in the 1997 Amsterdam Treaty which extended the use of qualified majority voting and the delegation of powers to supranational institutions. However, a recurring preoccupation over such projects of European unification, both popularly and in academia, has been the issue of the grounds for furthering the concept of common sense of belonging in throughout the Europe Union today."
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