| Papers [1-15] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 7] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 —> | Search results on "EUROPEAN PUBLIC SPACES": |
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Quasi-Public Privatized Spaces, 2002.
A discussion of the increase of quasi-public privatized spaces using Universal?s City Walk, Los Angeles as an example.
2,283 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how public space should be democratically organized to support communal usage from people in all walks of life and how today access to true public space has become a scarcity. It evaluates how people are more commonly flocking to quasi-public privatized spaces such as Universal?s City Walk, which is representative of a typical sequestered quasi-public space. It looks at how it is surrounded by high fences, set high upon a hill, how visitors are required to follow strict guidelines and how their activity is monitored. It analyzes how the development of quasi-privatized spaces such as City Walk are more representative of a demoralizing and hierarchical society, where certain groups feel more privileged than others. It shows how by creating walled cities and gated communities, Americans are shutting themselves off and creating exclusive mini-communities, that have nothing to do with democracy and everything to do with exclusion.
From the Paper
"The creation of such quasi-public spaces are actually much more representative of the increasing paranoia that exists throughout the nation in urban cities like LA. Universal?s City Park was created for the purpose of expression of the ideas and desires of a small group of people, not representative of the community as a whole, inclusive in reality of vagabonds and the elite alike. Steven Flusty, in his work ?Building Paranoia? also describes the Park as a ?Jittery Space.?
He describes this as "space that cannot be utilized unobserved due to active monitoring by roving patrols and/or remote technologies feeding to security stations." People entering City Walk are subject to constant monitoring, whether on the walkways, in the shops or by the fountains. "
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Public Space and the Public Individual, 2002.
A review of the book "Writing/Interviews" by the artist Richard Serra.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 1 source, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This essay is a review artist Richard Serra's (1994) book, "Writing/Interviews". At the heart of the book is a broad social question about the identity of the public, and the location of public space. This essay considers the political conflicts that emerge in relation to Serra's destroyed public installation, "Tilted Arc." This controversy works as a profound metaphor that concerns the relationship between the public and the institutions that design space for the public. It is a question of ownership and basic issues of freedom, and how these are woven into the social structures that organize public movement and perspective.
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Uses of Public Space at the Athenian Acropolis and Trajan?s Forum, 2002.
An historical look at use of space in two famous arenas: The Athenian Acropolis and Trajan?s Forum.
2,150 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 29 sources, MLA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
An analysis of the ritualistic, religious and practical uses of public space at the Athenian Acropolis and Trajan?s Forum. Part II considers the movement of people through the space, especially in ritualistic contexts and how the Athenians related the religious functions of the Acropolis to its layout is examined. Part III outlines what political functions, if any, took place at the Acropolis. In Part IV, the various social, business, religious, and civic uses of the different spaces at Trajan?s Forum and Markets, and how these uses related to the physical layout of space are reviewed.
From the Paper
"Acropolis is renowned as a fortified natural stronghold or citadel in ancient Greece. Greeks built their towns in plains near or around a rocky hill that could easily be fortified and defended. Nearly every Greek city had its acropolis, which provided a safe place of refuge for townspeople during times of turmoil or war. Rulers of the town often lived within the walls of this stronghold. In many cases the acropolis became the site of temples and public buildings and thus served as the town?s religious center, focal point of its public life, and as a place of refuge."
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European Public Spaces, 2002.
A description of two prominent examples of public space shaped by aesthetic and political forces: St. Mark's Square in Venice, Italy and the ULM, a German design and art college.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 8 sources, $ 47.95
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Abstract
Describes two prominent examples of public space shaped by aesthetic & political forces: St. Mark's Square in Venice, Italy & the ULM, a German design & art college. Detailed descrption of the Square, its architecture & sculptures, its evolution, its place as the center of Venetial social life. Describes archtect Mies Van der Rohe's design for ULM; emphasis on environmental design.
From the Paper
"Public space is shaped by a number of forces, but primary among them is the use to which the space will be put, the political forces able to make this work, the aesthetic forces prevalent at the time, and changes that might take place through history. The Piazza San Marco and the ULM are public spaces both shaped by prevailing political and aesthetic forces and developed for specific purposes, and Piazza San Marco has been reshaped by history, while the ULM has not been in existence long enough to be so affected by time, though there have been changes in its short life just the same.
The Piazza San Marco, or St. Mark's Square, in Venice is not a strict rectangle but instead opens wider at the basilica end, thus enhancing the perspective and creating the illusion that it is even longer than it is. The square is bordered by..."
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Trade Spaces in "Trading Spaces", 2002.
A representation of hegemonic masculinity in the popular television series "Trading Spaces".
3,010 words (approx. 12.0 pages), 13 sources, APA, $ 88.95
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Abstract
The textual analysis of the TV series "Trading Spaces" explores the possibility of interchanging gender roles in this home improvement showcase. A strong case is built on the unchanging male hegemony. However, the paper shows that the series does focus, in a particular way, on issues of gender and power, and especially on the supposedly changing nature of masculinity. Provides limitless examples from the show to exemplify gendered television.
From the Paper
"Since its launch in September 2000 as a late-afternoon show, Trading Spaces has regularly scored a 2 or 3 household rating in its universe in prime time, according to Neilson Media Research data, peaking one Saturday evening in April at a 3:2 for an episode featuring the Dixie Chicks. With that all-time household record for TLC, Trading Spaces also beat out all broadcast networks in delivery of adults 18-49 that night (the network regularly ranks in the top 10 of all cable networks in delivery of adults 18-49 and adults 25-54). By the conclusion of its third season, Trading Spaces will have taped 65 new episodes compared to last season?s 40, and can be seen in 70 million homes in America, and internationally in Canada, Japan, Australia, Thailand, and the Philippines (Foege)."
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European Communities and the European Court of Justice, 1990.
This paper examines the role of the European Court of Justice in the political integration of the member states of the European Communities: European cooperation in economics, national interests, law and integration of actions and policies.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 11 sources, $ 55.95
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From the Paper
"This research examines the role of the European Court of Justice in the political integration of the member states of the European Communities. The Court of Justice is a body of the European Communities. There are several sub-communities of the European Communities, of which the most widely known is the European Economic Community.
Integration in Europe
Within the context of international regional integration, there are five levels--(a) free-trade area, (b) customs union, (c) common market, (d) economic union, and (e) political union (Grosse & Kujawa, 1988). Each successive level involves a greater degree of integration. At the lowest level of integration, the free-trade area, tariffs are eliminated on the ... "
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City Walk, 2002.
This paper argues that, although quasi-public privatized spaces, like Universal City Walk in Los Angeles, show ethnic diversity and do not result in social stratification, they do represent the destruction of democratic public space.
1,590 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, although spaces like City Walk do not outright cause social stratification, they do result in segregation and unreal expectations of what public space truly represents. The paper states that a variety of security mechanisms has been put in place to prevent potential criminal activity. The author believes that, although spaces like City Walk may resemble true democratic public spaces, they actually are designed to attract consumers, thereby, automatically filtering out objectionable or disagreeable visitors.
From the Paper
"City Walk was developed and constructed as a safe haven for consumers. The clientele that City Walk attracts is a young, affluent and classy sort with money to spend. Consumers do not feel threatened due to the prevalence of security patrols and surveillance cameras that are posted throughout the park. City Walk, however, excludes an important part of the true urban population, people such as the homeless and perhaps even gang members who would normally be visible in a democratic public space."
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Urban Spaces, 2007.
This paper compares and analyzes the two books "The Park and the People: A History of Central Park" by Roy Rosenzweig and Elizabeth Blackmar and "Nature's Metropolis: Chicago and the Great West" by William Cronon.
1,106 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer introduces, discusses and analyzes the books "The Park and the People: A History of Central Park" by Roy Rosenzweig and Elizabeth Blackmar and "Nature's Metropolis: Chicago and the Great West" by William Cronon. Specifically, the paper contains a comparative analysis of the two books, including the role of market relationships in the use of urban space and conflict over the meaning of public space in cities. The writer concludes that urban and public spaces owe much of their existence to market relationships in the nineteenth century and beyond. Further, the writer notes that market relationships created the economies that brought people to the cities, and the open spaces provide the incentive to keep them happy once they have arrived.
From the Paper
"The meaning and use of public spaces have been contested it seems, since public parks and open spaces first appeared. It has been shown that Central Park was intended as a park for all New Yorkers, but for much of its history, the wealthiest New Yorkers were those who enjoyed it the most. Later in the park's history, different ethnic groups argued over such things as placement of statutes honoring Columbus, and other operational problems, such as funding, park policies, and such. Even as late as 30 years ago, conflicts arose over what ethnic groups could stage festivals or protests in the park, so even today, conflict over the use and who uses the space still abound."
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Urban Spaces, 2007.
This paper discusses Howard's garden cities in contrast to the modern conception of urban spaces.
1,735 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper examines Ebenezer Howard's design concept for the ideal urban space and explains why by and large the world has not traded in its image of the city for Howard's idealistic vision. The paper shows how Howard's plan was built on his values and ideas about what a city should be instead of necessarily what it was or has been. The writer maintains that his/her definition of the city and of urban spaces relies more on the historical role and realistic nature of cities in human societies. The paper provides Toronto as an example of a city and its use of resources. The paper concludes that had Howard's garden cities been built en-masse, they would have faced assimilation, transformation or abandonment.
Outline:
Introduction: Howard's Garden City
Conjuring a Definition of the City
An Example of a City and Conclusions
From the Paper
"Ebenezer Howard, 1850-1928, developed a significant--if somewhat naively utopian--model for urban planning based on his own specific conception of what constitutes an urban space. With limited formal education, Howard called for the creation of pre-planned cities that would be limited in size and surrounded by permanent belts of agricultural land that would be utilized to foster local independence from national and international markets for food (Reps par. 1). This conception of urban-ness was rooted specifically in sustainability and quality of life issues that Howard believed could be improved by synthesizing a closer relationship between traditional urban and country spaces."
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Case Study: Non European Union (EU) or European Union, 2008.
Discusses the European Union (EU) and its individual markets as a potential target market for entry by a foreign enterprise as well as a non-member market.
1,785 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This analysis examines the characteristics of two specific target countries for potential market entry by a foreign enterprise. The two countries examined are a non-EU member country which is Indonesia and an EU member state which is Spain. Additionally, the benefits and disadvantages of such countries vis-a-vis individual company acquisitions or joint venture targets are discussed.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Country Analysis
Overview
Target Country One--Indonesia
Cultural
Trading Blocs and Related Data
Major Currencies
Fund Repatriation and Exchange Rate Risks
Target Country Two--Spain
Cultural
Trading Blocs and Related Data
Major Currencies
Fund Repatriation and Exchange Rate Risks
European Union Membership Versus
Non-Membership
The EU Market Environment
Non-EU Market Disadvantages
Business and Commerce in EU Markets
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The most important regional trading blocs related to this project are ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations). Indonesia reported a trade surplus with Japan of $9,018m, $5,096m with the United States, and $1,958m with China as recently as 2000 which indicative a strong export economy (Indonesia, 2006). These and its other total exports formed the equivalent of $57.4b worth of exports in 2001. Its current account stands at $6,899m and balance on goods of $22,695 while its balance on services totals a deficit of -$10,380m . Regional barriers to trade are minimal."
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Preventing Fatalities in Confined Spaces, 2007.
A manual that looks at established rescue procedures as a result of the growing number of worker deaths.
1,992 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the statistics of worker deaths where 60% of these are deaths of would-be rescuers. The paper explains that the lack of established rescue procedures and the workers failing to follow technical data provided are among the causes of the fatalities. The paper therefore presents a manual that discusses entry, confined space entry, entry permit, enclosed area, hazards and safe entry. The manual contains an emergency response plan and roles, ten requirements for fuel systems confined space, guidelines for fuel systems safety and an occupational, physical and respiratory protection program.
Outline:
Introduction
Entry, Confined Space Entry, Entry Permit
Enclosed Area, Oxygen Deficient Atmosphere, Safe Entry
The Entry Chief, Entrant, Attendant, Runner and Monitor
Requirements for Training
Maintenance Requirements
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Entry is any act, which results in any part of an employee's body breaching the plane of the opening of a confined space or enclosed area (Porter). It includes any ensuing work in a confined space or enclosed area. Entry into a fuel tank can be in the form of fuel leaks, structural problems, fuel quantity problems, or NDI inspections (Porter)."
"A confined space is one that is large enough for a body to enter, has limited means for entry or exit, and is not designed for continuous occupancy (Porter). A confined space must meet all these three conditions in order to be considered a confined space. All aircraft fuel tanks are considered "permit-required" confined spaces, according to T.O 1-1-3. Center-wing dry bay will be tested with 514 Bacharach before entry for inspection or fuel maintenance (Porter)."
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Wide Open Spaces, 2006.
A review of the novel "Wide Sargasso Sea" by Jean Rhys.
1,700 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper studies the Jean Rhys' novel "Wide Sargasso Sea", about Antoinette and her family at Coulibri Estate. The author of this paper attempts to understand the novel from the perspective of defining and confining space, which proscribes any possibility of escape, change or hope. The paper shows how this definition of space limits not only what the characters within Rhys' novel can do but also what Rhys herself can accomplish with the novel. Quoting lines from the book, the paper emphasizes that even with the novel's proscribed narrative framework, Rhys attempts to push the boundaries. Through an analysis of the main character Antoinette's emotions and actions, this paper further concludes that she essentially becomes controlled by the very space that she seeks to fill.
From the Paper
"Even with the very first sentence of the novel, Rhys presents an idea of the space enclosing the characters, "They say when trouble comes close ranks" (17). Immediately we are given a figurative idea of how trapped and enclosed Antoinette and her family are within their own land. Despite the literal space that surrounds Antoinette and her family at Coulibri Estate, they become more and more enclosed and controlled by the wild growth of the garden, the animosity of the freed slaves, and their own poverty. The dynamic between the literal size of the estate and the emotional distance between Antoinette and her mother, exacerbates the lack of control and the sense of inevitability that the characters have."
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The Gendered Geography of Fear, 2005.
How gender identities are determined by the fear of public urban spaces.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 6 sources, $ 62.95
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Abstract
The subject of the paper is gender and geography. The paper argues that gender identities are determined by the fear of public urban spaces. In order to maintain the patriarchy women are convinced that there is something to be afraid of. Men on the other hand build identities as aggressors or protectors. The paper examines how it is not just the physical environment that determines spaces within cities, but also social, political, ideological, economic and cultural factors.
From the Paper
"Spaces within cities are not just determined by the physical environment. Social, political, ideological, economic and cultural factors are just as important. This is what Tracey Skillington is saying in The City as Text when she uses the term "the city as text". Skillington argues, It was by way of a complex system of symbolic interaction that meaning was socially constructed and politically mobilized, that certain cultural codes of interpretation were mediated through the symbolic features of discourse on the city to justify the system of cultural and political authority as it is (Skillington, 1998:458)."
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"Just Walk On By", 2008.
A discussion of the article "Just Walk On By: A Black Man Ponders His Power to Alter Public Space" by Brent Staples.
1,001 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
The paper analyzes how Staples' article "Just Walk On By: A Black Man Ponders His Power to Alter Public Space," portrays negative stereotypes haunting black men. The paper looks at how Staples, an African-American male, addresses this type of discrimination through relating various episodes from his past. The paper points out that, although Staples intended to address a serious problem, he does so in a way that is educational instead of critical, making his article less accusatory and more informative.
From the Paper
"Staples recalls his first encounter, he was 22 at the time, when he was walking in an affluent Chicago neighborhood and a woman ahead of him became so terrified of him she eventually broke into a run in order to escape. From this incident he realized he had inherited "the ability to alter public space in ugly ways" (Staples, 2005, p. 168). An insomniac and thusly a frequent night walker, he relates being "surprised, embarrassed, and dismayed" by the incident (p. 169). At this point he realized that the combination of his skin color and gender created a serious stigma for him, one that he knew he did not deserve, and at the same time, one that was impossible for him to escape."
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