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European Nationalism, 2006.
A discussion on Gillo Pontecorvo's "The Battle of Algiers" and Erich Remarque's, "All Quiet on the Western Front".
1,279 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts the novel "All Quiet on the Western Front" and the film "The Battle of Algiers". . It explains that the film paints a portrait of a society gone awry and that the novel paints a portrait of an individual psychology that is used to show the suffering of all ordinary people caught up in the web of war and the nationalism of the European powers during World War I. The author offers examples from both the novel and the film to qualify points made.
From the Paper
"One of the reasons for the relatively sympathetic portrayal of the soldiers in the service of imperialism in Remarque's novel is the young men's relative youth and low status in the army. The novel is told from the perspective of a nineteen-year-old student who was convinced to enlist with the German army when his schoolmaster Kantorek told him fine things about the glory of battle. However, after seeing the horrors of war, this young man can only think about seeing his ailing mother at home. In "The Battle of Algiers," although ordinary civilians are a presence in the background as victims of terrorist attacks, the decision makers at the heads of both sides dominate the film, thus forcing the viewer to chose sides as to who is correct, politically, in the war."
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European Communities and the European Court of Justice, 1990.
This paper examines the role of the European Court of Justice in the political integration of the member states of the European Communities: European cooperation in economics, national interests, law and integration of actions and policies.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 11 sources, $ 55.95
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From the Paper
"This research examines the role of the European Court of Justice in the political integration of the member states of the European Communities. The Court of Justice is a body of the European Communities. There are several sub-communities of the European Communities, of which the most widely known is the European Economic Community.
Integration in Europe
Within the context of international regional integration, there are five levels--(a) free-trade area, (b) customs union, (c) common market, (d) economic union, and (e) political union (Grosse & Kujawa, 1988). Each successive level involves a greater degree of integration. At the lowest level of integration, the free-trade area, tariffs are eliminated on the ... "
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European Identity, 2004.
An analysis of the problems facing the European Union regarding a national identity.
2,163 words (approx. 8.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the difficulty of the establishment of a European identity, questioning whether any European identity can be formed at all. The paper explains that the present union consists of a large number of member states and all these states have existed for a long time and have distinct national identities. The paper examines the basic question of whether a European demos and identity can be formed and how that will compete with the existing national identities. The paper also questions whether a "new" European identity will change the national identities and if so, how much of a change is really required. The paper presents the belief that the nature of identity for Europe cannot be the same as a national identity, as the nations have been formed through struggle for recognition for a particular culture, history, language and identity.
Outline
Introduction
Policy Making & Agenda Setting
Enlargement
A European Constitution
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The formation of nations can be started from the top of society by the elites, or through different types of social movements or other organized action. In all cases the start of a separate nation involves recognition for a particular national community in the world around the community. This recognition is received by the people who are a part of the group, or are made a part of the group. For Europe to be viewed as a nation, there has to be recognition of some unique features of being a European, and that has to be of history, culture and language. This has to be recognized by the Europeans. The search for cultural unity has to be combined with a search for the unique and separate features of Europe so that the Europeans can distinguish themselves from non-Europeans. This makes it unlikely that there will be a European identity similar to that of a nation. Instead one has to look for a European identity that can exist above the national identity."
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European Enlargement, 2003.
An analysis of the political and economic implications of European enlargement for the nations of Africa today.
3,614 words (approx. 14.5 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 100.95
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Abstract
The hypothesis of this research project is that the European enlargement to the European Committee of Construction Economists (CEEC) will have adverse side-effects on Africa, both politically and economically. While there are several sub-questions addressed, the primary research question addressed by this project is to identify the implications of the European enlargement to the Committee of European Economic Cooperation (CEEC) on the nations of Africa. The investment and financial help given by Western European countries will likely be reallocated from the historic patterns of assistance provided to the nations of Africa. At the same time, people from Eastern Europe will be free to work in Western European countries, so there will be less need for workers from Africa. In certain North African countries, the economic flow from the people working abroad, particularly in Europe, is more important than foreign investment. This study identifies the historic levels of assistance provided to the African nations in the form of employment for African emigrants and economic and technological assistance provided in kind, through loans and grants, as well as other economic assistance programs administered by non-governmental agencies, particularly the United Nations, and the countries of Western Europe. The paper includes graphs.
From the Paper
"This enormous diversity, combined with a paucity of reliable data from official statistics as to the composition of the group makes it very difficult to provide main characteristics of the community in general. Adugna adds that while the African immigrant experience in this area is relatively recent, African immigrants are already leaving their marks in the areas where they live in greatest numbers. "Such marks are more evident when one takes into consideration the growing number of business ventures and restaurants, churches and the communal associations that are flourishing abroad" (Adugna, 1998, p. 7)."
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The History of Modern Nationalism, 2006.
This paper analyzes the goals and impact of modern nationalism in 19th and 20th century Europe.
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper traces the roots of modern nationalism back to the French Revolution and Napoleonic wars and describes how its ideologies affected Europe during the 19th and 20th centuries. The writer of this paper defines nationalism as the right of every citizen and every nation to exist in freedom and to develop its own singularity. The strongest catalyst for European nationalism emerged in the 19th century with the industrial revolution. This paper examines the pros and cons of modern nationalism and discusses how the central European revolution of 1848 sparked a bonfire of nationalism. This paper also explores the effects of nationalism during Hitler's reign.
From the Paper
"For modern nationalism was born in the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars. Effectively controlled by the French republic during the Reign of Terror, nationalism helped repel France's foreign foes. Meanwhile, all across Europe, patriots tried to kindle nationalist flames in the war against Napoleon. So by 1815 there were already clues of how nationalism could spread and quickly develop. During this early age of nationalism, its proponents usually believed that every nation, like every citizen, had the right to exist in freedom and to develop its singularity."
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Nationalism, 2008.
An overview of the definition of nationalism and its effect on 20th century European politics.
4,263 words (approx. 17.1 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 113.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that nationalism developed as a political ideology and a state reality in the nineteenth century, emerging once various groups of people began to see themselves as part of a nation rather than some other geographical designation. This paper discusses how nationalism shaped several of the states of Europe leading into the twentieth century and how nationalism as an ideology was strong in Germany and added to conflicts leading to World War I. The paper also examines how World War II was a continuation of many of the same forces, again with Germany as provocateur against many of the other states in Europe.
Outline:
Introduction
National Boundaries
Italy and Germany
War in the Twentieth Century
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Security has always been a major component of social relations, with groups of people intent in protecting themselves from encroachments on their territory and prerogatives banding together for greater strength. The idea of national security extends beyond the immediate neighborhood, village, or town to a larger entity known as the nation-state, and people only began to develop a sense of national identity after the feudal era. The trend began in the sixteenth century with the breakup of the Holy Roman Empire (Manchester, 1993, pp. 159-160). "
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Nationalism and the First World War, 2002.
A discussion of the nationalistic roots of the First World War.
1,680 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper presents various explanations why the First World War began, what were its primary causes, and concentrates particularly on the significance of the rising imperialism during the 19th century, most especially among the European nations (Germany, Great Britain, and Austria- Hungary).
From the Paper
"The First World War was the first-ever war that had brought great destruction and required greater involvement of many countries, most especially the European nations. Evidence of the impending world war started during the early 19th century, wherein colonization and strengthening of military power is the most prevalent activity of all European nations at that time. The World War I was said to have many causes, although the most important and more popular cause discussed by historians today is that the First World War started because of the rising imperialism among competing European nations. The war had two competing groups, the Triple Alliance and the Triple Entente. The Triple Alliance was composed of Germany, Austria- Hungary, and Italy, while the Triple Entente was made up of Great Britain, France, and Russia. These groups were not originally formed as a triad; rather, each nation became affiliated with each other before and during the course of the war. One of the earliest alliances that were formed (prior to the First World War) is the pact between Germany and Austria- Hungary against Russia in 1879, which is then called the Dual Alliance (Spartacus Educational 2002). The other alliances (that of the Triple Entente, in particular) were formed upon the declaration of the war. The other nations that participated in the war, like Japan and the US, only participated when the war is already escalating. Prior to the First World War, there is already tension between these countries (comprising the Triple Alliance and Entente) because of succeeding events (pre-1914 events) that became the primary reasons for the war to inevitably begin."
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Forms of Nationalism, 2005.
This paper explains Goebbels and his Nazi propaganda as a synthesis of nationalism and anti-Semitism.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the meaning of nationalism in the context of Joseph Goebbels' Nazi propaganda pamphlets. The paper claims it is evident that the form of nationalism he was promoting was a synthesis of nationalism and anti-Semitism. The paper explains that this was not a Nazi invention, for nationalist sentiments and attitudes in Europe had been conditioned for centuries by anti-Semitism. Hitler, Goebbels, and the Nazis simply synthesized endemic European anti-Semitism and combined it with their ideology of a pure Aryan master race in order to unify the German people behind the Nazi Party.
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Nationalism in 19th Century Europe, 2002.
Shows how nationalism was used in creating order in 19th Century Europe.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper shall address the results of nationalism as a means of conveying social order within the European states in the nineteenth century.
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Case Study: Non European Union (EU) or European Union, 2008.
Discusses the European Union (EU) and its individual markets as a potential target market for entry by a foreign enterprise as well as a non-member market.
1,785 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This analysis examines the characteristics of two specific target countries for potential market entry by a foreign enterprise. The two countries examined are a non-EU member country which is Indonesia and an EU member state which is Spain. Additionally, the benefits and disadvantages of such countries vis-a-vis individual company acquisitions or joint venture targets are discussed.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Country Analysis
Overview
Target Country One--Indonesia
Cultural
Trading Blocs and Related Data
Major Currencies
Fund Repatriation and Exchange Rate Risks
Target Country Two--Spain
Cultural
Trading Blocs and Related Data
Major Currencies
Fund Repatriation and Exchange Rate Risks
European Union Membership Versus
Non-Membership
The EU Market Environment
Non-EU Market Disadvantages
Business and Commerce in EU Markets
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The most important regional trading blocs related to this project are ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations). Indonesia reported a trade surplus with Japan of $9,018m, $5,096m with the United States, and $1,958m with China as recently as 2000 which indicative a strong export economy (Indonesia, 2006). These and its other total exports formed the equivalent of $57.4b worth of exports in 2001. Its current account stands at $6,899m and balance on goods of $22,695 while its balance on services totals a deficit of -$10,380m . Regional barriers to trade are minimal."
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NAFTA Vs. the European Union, 2007.
This paper explores continental nationalism and trade policy agendas, focusing on NAFTA and the European Union.
3,071 words (approx. 12.3 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 89.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at why the countries of the North American zone; Canada, the United States and Mexico joined together as an economic bloc and why European nations chose to re-constitute themselves into a single political and economic bloc after the Second World War. The paper then examines how economic integration between the European and North American countries has been and is pursued. The paper compares NAFTA to the European Union and explores the tensions between the two powerful trading blocs and where their tense relationship appears to be headed.
Outline:
Introduction
The North American Free Trade Agreement
The European Union: Its Origins, its "Unity-Based" Agenda, and its Collective Trade Policy
Comparing NAFTA with the European Union
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The "official" reasons for the emergence of the North American Free Trade Agreement are stated in Article 102 of the document. Specifically, the document states that all three signatories wish to eliminate barriers in trade and to facilitate the free movement of goods and services across the boundaries of the various territories. Article 102 also makes it clear that NAFTA is meant to promote "fair competition" and to increase investment opportunities for all three nations. As importantly as anything else, the document also delineates that the free trade accord is meant to ensure that intellectual property rights and the enforcement of intellectual property rights is carried out effectively and vigorously in all of the ratifying nations."
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European Citizenship and Immigration, 2008.
A discussion of the effects immigration is having on European citizenship and identity.
2,114 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
The paper presents the thesis that the changing nature of what it means to be a European citizen in the 21st century is connected to the continent's native birth rate crisis, which has forced many European nations to significantly increase their non-native immigration. The paper discusses how immigrants are now challenging the very nature of what it means to be European and transforming the nations of which the populations are now an integral part. The paper looks at the Turks in Germany and illustrates the challenges facing further evolution of European citizenship and the difficulty of achieving an effective solution.
From the Paper
"The concept of citizenship, with its attendant rights and responsibilities, first grew up during the rise of the modern nation-state in 18th century Europe. A series of increasingly bloody continental wars in Europe created the impetus for a transformation of people's concepts of what citizenship entailed, or should entail. Through a long process of evolution, conflict, and compromise, today in the 21st century we find that concepts of what constitutes citizenship have changed along with the nations underlying that concept. This evolution has not taken place in a vacuum, but as a response or reaction to real historical situations and predicaments which current European Union policy attempts, in its way, to solve ("The European Citizenship" para 2.)"
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European Integration, 2004.
Questions whether the experience of European integration since 1985 suggests the triumph of national interest supranationalism.
1,155 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that neither Western European national interest nor supranationalism has clearly triumphed in the period since 1985, though a case may be made for either as the victor. Using economic integration as an example, the paper begins by discussing how European integration is not intrinsically at odds with national interest. It then describes some of the supranational powers of the European Union and their limits. The paper explains the implications of this using neo-functionalist theory, which sees success in integration of trade and economy as a harbinger of a cooperative future that will include other sectors as well. In contrast, it then explains the federalist viewpoint, which points out the weakness of the EU in not pursuing supranationality strongly enough. The paper concludes that European integration since 1985 suggests powerful national interests, but not triumphant ones.
From the Paper
"In 1995, despite opposition from the EU, France continued its nuclear tests in the Pacific. In 1996, both Britain and Germany refused to join the stabilization force in Albania. Common foreign and security policy failed in these minor actions and failed even more mightily in major actions. Unity was shattered over the conflicts in Bosnia, Kosovo, Afghanistan, and Iraq. Despite the creation of the Rapid Reaction Force (RRF), the EU does not have much centralized military power and states do not act in concert in military affairs."
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The National State in Germany and Russia, 2002.
Examines the role of the National State In European economic development, providing a comparison of Germany and Russia, 1815-1914.
2,150 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 80.95
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Abstract
During the nineteenth century and the early part of the twentieth century, we find that significant change occurred in countries such as Germany and Russia. This, of course, focuses attention on the nature of this change as well as the extent to which the national state in each country contributed to economic development. With this in mind, the purpose of this paper will be to compare the role of the national state in the economic development of Germany and Russia between the years 1815 and 1914.
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"The Wealth and Poverty of Nations", 2002.
A review of David S. Landes' "The Wealth and Poverty of Nations", illustrating a European miracle in earlier centuries.
1,558 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the phenomenon of richer and poorer nations, by analyzing Landes' book. The paper outlines Landes' opinion that England was the first country in world history to develop and can therefore show other nations how to succeed. The writer portrays the book as a direct negation of the concept of multiculturalism in declaring that even the Chinese and Islamic civilizations? great scientific and technological advancements could not continue to progress as Europe has.
From the Paper
"While Harvard Professor of History and Economics David S. Landes states in his book that that no has the simple answer as to why some nations are very rich and some are very poor today, he nevertheless argues that the West has been way ahead of the East in progress and success. He categorically points to England as the first country in world history to develop and this happened in the 18th century. Because of this, he writes that Europe (or England) shows how a nation can succeed. The book is a direct negation of the concept of multiculturalism in declaring that even the Chinese and Islamic civilizations? great scientific and technological advancements could not continue to progress as Europe has. He attests to a European miracle in earlier centuries."
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