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The European Court of Justice, 2002.
Looks at the structure, function and influence of the European Court of Justice (E.C.J.)
3,650 words (approx. 14.6 pages), 15 sources, $ 133.95
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Abstract
Established in the 1950s, the European Court of Justice (ECJ), located in Luxembourg, is the judicial branch of the European Union. What is its structure? How does it function? Is it influenced by any of the member nations of the European Union? Those are some of the questions, among others, I will be exploring in this paper, which will include some of the cases that have come before the court, its decisions and its role in Europe today.
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The European Court of Justice, 2008.
An analysis of the roles and objectives of the European Court of Justice.
1,170 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
The European Court of Justice (ECJ) is a legal body within the construct of the European Union (EU) that handles legal disputes and defends the "Treaties of the European Union". This paper discusses how, up until now, the ECJ has played a central role in the ongoing development and evolution of the EU and how now it is taking a larger role within the context of EU commercial treaties and regulations involving both national and private entities.
Outline:
Overview
ECJ Objectives & Processes
ECJ Procedures
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Another method of access to the ECJ are the proceedings for failure to fulfil an obligation or similar. These proceedings are nothing more than the ability of the Commission or even a member state to start the proceedings within the ECJ's jurisdiction that will require another member state to comply with a relevant EU law or treaty (Tallberg 76). One example of this regulatory role of the ECJ is the ECJ's ruling that instructed France to accept British beef following the denouement of the mad cow scare several years ago (Tallberg 77). "
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Enlargement of the European Court of Justice, 2001.
2,695 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 11 sources, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This essay discusses the history of expansion of the power of the European Court of Justice (ECJ) jurisprudence over the legislation of European Union member states, and examines several explanations for this expansion. The author then considers how this application of ECJ law impresses on the integration of the acquis communitaire into the administration of both the existing member states and the accession states. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of the implications that the expanded role of the European Court of Justice may hold for the future of the European Union.
Introduction
Expanding Role of the European Court of Justice
Role of the ECJ in the Integration of EU Policy
into ?Sovereign? States & Implications for the Future of
the European Union
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Since the 1950?s the European Court of Justice?s role in European society has grown dramatically. This growth has perhaps been unnoticed by politicians in the various member states of the European Union. Additionally, most political scientists have largely ignored the European Court of Justice.[1] The expansion of the ECJ has reached a point where ECJ jurisprudence is being used by national courts to overrule some laws promulgated by national legislatures![2] Given that no existing treaty within the EU provides this sort of autonomy or authority to the ECJ [3], one would not be silly to question how such a situation has come about."
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The European Court of Justice, 2003.
Description, history and problems associated with one of the most important aspects of the European Union.
2,062 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
The ultimate authority to rule on the interpretation of European Union law resides with the Court of Justice of the European Union. This paper discusses the ECJ in detail, with particular attention paid to its history. Also discussed are its relations to Great Britain and France, as well as relevant problems the ECJ faces today.
From the Paper
"Historically, Britain?s Parliament held the position of supremacy in the country but this is currently challenged by the right the ECJ to rule on whether British law is compatible with European Union law (Curtis 110). The notion that a body of laws supercedes British Law and that Britain is bound somewhat to the written constitution of the European Union creates a problem in the minds of many British people, both those within the government and common citizens (Curtis 110).
The European Union (at this time the European Community) challenged British Parliamentary sovereignty in 1991 when the EC threatened to take legal action to stop British Rail construction projects for environmental reasons (Curtis 110)."
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European Communities and the European Court of Justice, 1990.
This paper examines the role of the European Court of Justice in the political integration of the member states of the European Communities: European cooperation in economics, national interests, law and integration of actions and policies.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 11 sources, $ 55.95
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From the Paper
"This research examines the role of the European Court of Justice in the political integration of the member states of the European Communities. The Court of Justice is a body of the European Communities. There are several sub-communities of the European Communities, of which the most widely known is the European Economic Community.
Integration in Europe
Within the context of international regional integration, there are five levels--(a) free-trade area, (b) customs union, (c) common market, (d) economic union, and (e) political union (Grosse & Kujawa, 1988). Each successive level involves a greater degree of integration. At the lowest level of integration, the free-trade area, tariffs are eliminated on the ... "
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The International Court of Justice, 2006.
Explores the duties, history, organizational structure, and role of the International Court of Justice.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 15 sources, $ 106.95
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Abstract
Since the end of the Second World War, the number of international bodies dedicated to maintaining peace a general rule of law among nations has grown exponentially. This paper examines one of the more prominent of these international bodies, namely the International Court of Justice, and look at its history, organizational structure and duties in an effort to ascertain its role within the modern international system. The paper also reviews the key historical cases, treaties and current activities of the court inasmuch as these items have and will continue to shape the court far in the future.
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The Supreme Court and Juvenile Justice, 2005.
A look at the impact of the rulings of the Supreme Court of the United States on the juvenile justice system.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the rulings of the Supreme Court of the United States that have had long lasting affects on the juvenile justice system. The paper contends that each ruling by the justices has been centered around the 14th amendment to the constitution, and provides case evidence to support this thesis. The paper gives examples of long term effects.
From the Paper
"The juvenile justice system was created in 1899 to protect youths who were convicted of crimes from being incarcerated with violent adults (Males and Macallair 1). From the beginning, however, judges had the right to transfer any juvenile they wished to adult courts, and jails, at the judges own discretion. Furthermore, as the increase in juvenile crime has taken place over the last few decades the juvenile justice system has been in a continuous battle with society over how juveniles should be tried, incarcerated, and punished. Many believe that the philosophy in handling juvenile crime in the United States should be one that centers on making punishments tougher, and thereby, deterring future juvenile criminals. "
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Supreme Court Justice Hugo Black, 2002.
A look at the influence of Hugo Black.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 15 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the life and influence of Hugo Black the Supreme Court Justice and his career.
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Supreme Court Justices, 2004.
A discussion of American Supreme Court justices in general and Justice Louis D. Brandeis in particular.
1,547 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the professional life of American Supreme Court Justice Louis D. Brandeis. The paper claims that of the justices on the Court at that time, Brandeis seems to stand out as a thoughtful, progressive and influential justice. The paper examines several of his well-known dissenting opinions. The paper contends that while his effect on criminal procedure was minimal, except perhaps in a philosophical sense, Brandeis' main efforts were spent in protecting civil rights.
From the Paper
"Amazingly few people have sat on the Supreme Court bench since the founding of the United States, as the justices are appointed for life, or until they chose to retire. It is not surprising, therefore, that a few names are common knowledge for quite a number of people. Older Americans tend to know one or two of the current justices, possibly more, and many of those same people know the names and general philosophies of such ground-breaking opinion writers as Earl Warren and Thurgood Marshall. Some also know the name John Jay, a member of the first sitting court, from their grade school history lessons. A few know William O. Douglas because of his extraordinarily long life and service. OF current justices, many people know the names Sandra Day O'Connor and Ruth Bader Ginsburg because they are the first and second women, respectively, appointed to the Court."
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William H. Rehnquist: Supreme Court Justice, 2004.
An examination of the man, his career, and his rulings.
3,036 words (approx. 12.1 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 89.95
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Abstract
In the years that followed his confirmation as the nation's sixteenth Chief Justice, Rehnquist redefined the role of the Supreme Court and reshaped its identity. This paper discusses how his childhood, his academic and military life, and his career all served to influence the decision-making process of this renowned Justice.
From the Paper
"William H. Rehnquist joined the Supreme Court as an Associate Justice in 1972 and became its Chief Justice in 1986. Surviving bitter and prolonged confirmation battles in the Senate after both of his nominations, Rehnquist became arguably the most controversial person to have served on the Supreme Court during the twentieth century."
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International Court of Justice, 1993.
History of World Court of the U.N.. Looking at its function, power, objectives, biases, politics and limitations.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 7 sources, $ 63.95
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From the Paper
" After World War I, many of the nations of the world tried to address one of the issues that had interested idealists for some time--the creation of some means for international adjudication as a way of authoritatively and peacefully settling international disputes. One of the institutions that emerged from this war was the League of Nations, a forerunner of the United Nations but with little authority or power and destined to fail as an arbiter of international matters. There were various precedents for international arbitration even at that time, though, and among the other institutions that emerged, based on such precedents, was history's first permanent international law court, the Permanent Court of International Justice, as part of the League of Nations. This court would collapse along with the League of Nations in 1945, but a more or less identical tribunal, the.."
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International Court of Justice, 2006.
Takes a position that the US should ratify the Rome Treaty.
920 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a position that the US should ratify the Rome Treaty and join the International Criminal Court. 139 nations have already signed and all the U.S's major allies have already ratified the Treaty including the United Kingdom, the European Union, Mexico and Canada. The advantages of joining the ICC are pointed out, and criticisms against it addressed.
From the Paper
"The United States has refused to ratify the Rome Treaty which establishes the International Court of Justice. The Court came into being on July after years of hard work by the United Nations. It is a legacy of the Nuremberg Trials after World War II ..."
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Supreme Court Justices, 2006.
An analysis of Supreme Court Justices and their criteria for appointment.
1,359 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses three judges and why they were nominated as Supreme Court Justices. The paper examines the president's role in appointments and his criteria for nomination. The writer describes how these three nominees have demonstrated the range of reactions which a supreme court candidate may inspire: relatively quick confirmation, as in the case of Roberts, immediate debate and rejection or withdrawal, as was the situation with Miers, and the intense hearings and ideological and partisan battles which are anticipated for Alito.
From the Paper
"The president then chooses who he perceives to be the most qualified candidate for the position, taking into consideration some ideological qualifications (such as how the candidate interprets the Constitution and whether or not the candidate has prior biases to certain issues) and political issues (if the candidate can reasonably be expected to be confirmed by the Senate). There are no mandatory qualifications for education, age or nationality; any candidate selected by the president is eligible for Supreme Court membership."
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Juvenile Justice and Adult Courts, 2005.
A comparative analysis of the juvenile and adult courts.
1,983 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
The paper explains the differences between the juvenile justice system and the adult courts. The paper discusses statistics that show that juvenile justice systems seem to work better for the offender and better, therefore, for the society on which they would prey if not rehabilitated. The paper recommends that laws should be rewritten as needed to ensure that only the most violent of youthful offenders, those for whom rehabilitation seems to be beyond hope, enter the adult system.
Outline:
Juvenile Justice and Adult Courts
Court Comparison
Societal Implications
Recommendations
From the Paper
"Just before the millennium, frightening figures were released regarding the increase in youth crimes. That may have sparked the debate about the wisdom of trying juveniles as adults. But, around that time, there were no lack of other forces driving it, including school shootings of a sort that went far beyond gang strife and 'acting out' behaviors. In 1999, U.S. Attorney General Janet Reno said, "Never in our history have we seen this phenomenon of youth violence as random and as inexplicable" (Redding, 1999). "
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A History of the Justices of the United States Supreme Court, 2005.
An examination of the United States Supreme Court and the justices who preside in it.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 3 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the United States Supreme Court and history of the justices that comprise it. The paper further examines the background of the justices and how the court became associated with the matter of the U.S. Constitution. The paper also discusses the requirements of office, the duties of the court, and the nomination and confirmation process that is associated with positions on the court. Finally, the paper examines current issues within the court and makes determinations based on the research.
From the Paper
"The Supreme Court of the United States has been responsible for law that has altered the lives of every American. Cases such as Roe v. Wade, Plessey v. Ferguson, and Brown v Board of Education have spoken to significant issues within society, and have created the framework for how society will function throughout time. While it did not appear that the initial court would ever have such an impact on the country, the expertise of the judges that have served on the court altered that opinion, allowing the court to become the most dominant judicial force within the United States. The United States Constitution gave the duties of forming a court system in the country to the United States Congress through Article III, Section I. "
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