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European Conflict, 2002.
Examines tensions in Britain, Ireland and France during the Post-World War I Years of the 1920s.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
After years of fighting World War I, European countries that had suffered heavy losses were ready for peace, but domestic economic and political upheavals brought trouble to Britain, Ireland, and France throughout the 1920s. This paper traces the historical events taking place in these countries after the war. Great Britain experienced economic problems and labor strikes as well as conflicts within its colonies. Ireland fought for Independence from Great Britain, while dissent among the Irish erupted into a civil war. France attempted to rebuild after the war's destruction but experienced widespread poverty after the franc's value dropped, coped with labor strikes, and faced internal political struggles after the French Communist Party formed.
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European Communities and the European Court of Justice, 1990.
This paper examines the role of the European Court of Justice in the political integration of the member states of the European Communities: European cooperation in economics, national interests, law and integration of actions and policies.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 11 sources, $ 55.95
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From the Paper
"This research examines the role of the European Court of Justice in the political integration of the member states of the European Communities. The Court of Justice is a body of the European Communities. There are several sub-communities of the European Communities, of which the most widely known is the European Economic Community.
Integration in Europe
Within the context of international regional integration, there are five levels--(a) free-trade area, (b) customs union, (c) common market, (d) economic union, and (e) political union (Grosse & Kujawa, 1988). Each successive level involves a greater degree of integration. At the lowest level of integration, the free-trade area, tariffs are eliminated on the ... "
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Case Study: Non European Union (EU) or European Union, 2008.
Discusses the European Union (EU) and its individual markets as a potential target market for entry by a foreign enterprise as well as a non-member market.
1,785 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This analysis examines the characteristics of two specific target countries for potential market entry by a foreign enterprise. The two countries examined are a non-EU member country which is Indonesia and an EU member state which is Spain. Additionally, the benefits and disadvantages of such countries vis-a-vis individual company acquisitions or joint venture targets are discussed.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Country Analysis
Overview
Target Country One--Indonesia
Cultural
Trading Blocs and Related Data
Major Currencies
Fund Repatriation and Exchange Rate Risks
Target Country Two--Spain
Cultural
Trading Blocs and Related Data
Major Currencies
Fund Repatriation and Exchange Rate Risks
European Union Membership Versus
Non-Membership
The EU Market Environment
Non-EU Market Disadvantages
Business and Commerce in EU Markets
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The most important regional trading blocs related to this project are ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations). Indonesia reported a trade surplus with Japan of $9,018m, $5,096m with the United States, and $1,958m with China as recently as 2000 which indicative a strong export economy (Indonesia, 2006). These and its other total exports formed the equivalent of $57.4b worth of exports in 2001. Its current account stands at $6,899m and balance on goods of $22,695 while its balance on services totals a deficit of -$10,380m . Regional barriers to trade are minimal."
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The U.N. In The Post-Cold War Era, 1995.
Examines its changing roles, challenges and opportunities after the break-up of the Soviet Union, focusing on European conflicts.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 9 sources, $ 63.95
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From the Paper
"The United Nations faces a new power structure in the world with the breakup of the Soviet Union and the Soviet bloc. This provides a new opportunity to reconstitute the UN so that it more clearly fulfills the original purpose of the United Nations, which was to avoid conflict or to settle it without force. The new paradigm may be bolstering international law and arbitration in order to judge the actions of nations according to ethical standards.
After World War I, many of the nations of the world tried to address one of the issues that had interested idealists for some time--the creation of some means for international adjudication as a way of authoritatively and peacefully settling international disputes. One of the institutions that emerged from this war was the League of Nations, a forerunner of the United Nations but ..."
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The European Union, 2005.
A look at the conflicts within the European Union (EU) leadership.
2,218 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
This report examines specific problems in the European Union and posits solutions in a case example format in which several of the EU conflicts are addressed. The paper also addresses measures which could, in the future, lead to these conflicts being overcome and would contribute to an increasingly unified and progressive EU that is united on leadership concepts of communication and teamwork rather than on fractious divisionism.
From the Paper
"One of the main problems that the EU is facing is a lack of integration. The European Union started out as a post-cold-war way of Europe getting together and uniting nations, but it has denigrated in many ways to a situation in which there are divisions and fractious disagreements between the cultural and social policies of member countries. For example, France is a member state that has been rebelling against the
EU's unity, along with the Netherlands, recently, due to trade provisions and arguments of protectionism. "Barring a last-minute reversal in France's grumpy public mood, the European Union faces a period of gloom and introspection, its main leaders distracted by domestic fights for survival and unable to give new impetus to EU integration. The first
casualty could be efforts to craft a deal next month on the EU's 2007-2013 long-term budget" (Taylor, 2005)."
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The Conflict Over Cyprus, 2008.
An analysis of the bias within the European Union over the occupation conflict in Cyprus.
3,742 words (approx. 15.0 pages), 16 sources, APA, $ 103.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the conflict between the Greeks and the Turks in terms of the occupation of Cyprus. The paper presents a history of the conflict, discusses some of its consequences and looks at past attempts to resolve the conflict. Finally, the paper focuses on the European Union's (EU) involvement in the Cyprus conflict and the imbalances within the EU in terms of the correct strategies for coming to some sort of resolution.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
History of the Cyprus Conflict
Imbalance in the European Union
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Turkey's process has begun in earnest only recently, with its desires to join the Union as a full member earning it the right as a candidate in 2001. Today, it under consideration for admission, even as many existing members of the Union oppose its bid, many of them citing Cyprus as a reason for doing so. Ironically, Greece is one of Turkey's staunchest supporters for admission, endorsing the view that this will help to rectify impasses to humanitarian reform. However, "opponents fret that a new member as large and poor as Turkey would adulterate European values. Lingering concern persists about the incorporation of 10 mostly East European countries last year, which some feared would dilute EU prosperity. Many feel that EU enlargement has run its course and that further extensions would make it unwieldy." (Rice-Oxley, 1) However, there are a number of distinct aspects to this perspective which are suggestive of a less-than-pure diplomatic intent in this exclusion. Numerous detectable differences between Turkey's economy, political identity and, especially, its majority Muslim ethnic makeup, have caused it to encounter resistance which the Greeks did not experience in their bid. Though Turkey has long been a member of various western and European alliances, the pointedly economic implications of the EU cabal have held tantalizing prospects before the isolated Turks."
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The Europeanization Process.
This paper is a research project which discusses the Europeanization of Europe through the European Union (EU).
15,550 words (approx. 62.2 pages), 41 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper studies the concept of Europeanization by examining the geo-social framework in which this process is taking place, along several key dimensions, including labor, immigration and refugees; financial and securities and legal considerations. The author uses a methodology that includes an interpretive approach to the scholarly literature followed by an analysis of relevant statistical data, which are indicative of the key dimensions being investigated to identify past, current and future trends in the Europeanization process. The paper relates that the research clearly showed that, in sharp contrast to the United States being the "melting pot" of the world, the nations of Europe have historically been fiercely proud of their unique and distinct cultural and political heritages, making the transition to an integrated political and economic entity all the more problematic. Many charts and tables.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of Study
Scope of Study
Rationale of Study
Overview of Study
Review of Related Literature
Background and Overview
Areas of European Harmonization
Labor, Immigration and Refugees
Finance and Securities
Advantage:
Disadvantages
Legal
Methodology
Data Analysis
Labor and Immigration
Finance and Securities
Legal
Synthesis
Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations
Summary
Conclusion
Recommendations
From the Paper
"Although these are the same types of forces that have historically fueled societal growth around the world, the EU appears to be experiencing them in more profound and pervasive ways than have ever been experienced before. As a result, the integration of the European community has continued its rocky but relentless course throughout the last decade of the 20th century, including the creation of a European Union and a single currency in the 1992 Maastricht Treaty, as well as the subsequent deepening of integration in the 1997 Amsterdam Treaty which extended the use of qualified majority voting and the delegation of powers to supranational institutions. However, a recurring preoccupation over such projects of European unification, both popularly and in academia, has been the issue of the grounds for furthering the concept of common sense of belonging in throughout the Europe Union today."
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European Union, 2006.
A review of the European Union's communities and policies.
2,001 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a brief look at the various European Union's economic policies, such as the European Economic Community and the European Monetary Union. According to the paper, the EU has maintained the momentum of its internal economic integration agenda.
Outline:
Activities of the EEC
Structure Of European Union
European Council
European Commission
Functioning of the EEC
European Monetary Union
Common Market Policy
EURO - The New World Currency
The Current Scenario in the European Union
From the Paper
"Regional Development Policy: The objectives of the Regional Development Policy of the EEC is to promote balanced development of the member countries by reducing regional disparities and by developing rapidly the backward regions. To achieve this objective, the EEC provides financial assistance for the development of the backward regions of the member countries. The Financial assistance is provided through."
"European Investment Bank: EEC established this bank in 1958. It provides loans and guarantees the loans raised by the member countries for the development of the backward regions. It grants loans for modernization, conversion and development projects that are beyond the financial abilities of the member governments. It also provides loans for the projects in which member governments have common interest."
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The European Economic Community.
This paper discusses the history of the European Economic Community (EEC), organized in 1958, which predated the European Union (EU), organized in 1992, especially the positions of Germany and the U.K. (Britain).
2,125 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the European Economic Community (EEC) was established to lower custom barriers between European countries and to create greater political cohesion and ultimately an economic entity, which would increase Europe's power in the world market. The author points out that the major reasons Germany, which was more familiar with federalism, wanted the states of Europe to join together as a European federal state were: (1) The quicker the integration process, the shorter time period needed for Germany to overcome the loss of the war and the status of being the 'loser' of the war and (2) if a European union would control all members, then there would be less or even complete avoidance of discrimination towards Germany by other nations. The paper stresses that the major reasons Britain, on the other hand, did not want to be a part of a united Europe were: (1) They viewed unification as a European super-state being run by the Britain's oldest rivals French and German and (2) Britain, having had a stable democracy for many centuries and never having been subject to totalitarian rule, saw themselves as different and unlike any fellow European member.
From the Paper
"At the end of the Second World War, Europe was devastated and economically exhausted, and its most urgent need was to restore its economy. In this situation two great powers, the United States and the Soviet Union, uneasily confronted each other across Europe. Europe would be organized in such a way that war between Western European countries could not recur. There was an urgent need to construct war shattered economies that led the countries of Western Europe to begin working together. Finally, after long and complicated negotiations, the "Treaty establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) was signed in Rome on March 25, 1957 and came into affect in January, 1958." (Palmer and Lambert, 1968, 33). What this Treaty established was a European free trade eliminating all tariffs on trades between members of the EEC, which included Belgium, Netherlands, Italy, France, Luxembourg, and the Federal Republic of Germany."
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The European Neighborhood Policy (ENP), 2007.
This paper is an extensive literature review of the European Neighborhood Policy (ENP) of the European Union, especially with regard to the inclusion of Georgia.
15,620 words (approx. 62.5 pages), 45 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that European Neighborhood Policy (ENP) was developed to combat some of the European security issues that exist in Europe. Authorities believe that the ENP would enhance the European Union's ability to secure the region against terrorism and would help promote the economy and overall quality of life of the region. The author points out that originally the ENP applied to its direct neighbors: Algeria, Belarus, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Moldova, Morocco, the Palestinian Authority, Syria, Tunisia and Ukraine. Later, however, it was extended to include the countries of the Southern Caucasus (Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia) with whom the present candidate countries, Bulgaria, Romania and Turkey, share either a maritime or land border. The paper concludes that by eradicating terrorists or criminal activities and by strengthening the political and justice systems in the country, the ENP will be helpful to Georgia. The paper includes many quotations.
Table of Contents:
Introduction to Study
Introduction
Background/ History
Theoretical Framework
European Integration Theory
Social Theory and International Negotiation Theory
Literature Review
Purpose of the EU
EU Pursues Two Main Types of Policies towards the Rest of the World
Economic Policies
Foreign and Security Policies through the Common Foreign and Security Policy and Defense Policy Cooperation
Enlargement
Development of ENP
ENP Framework: Objectives, Principles and Instrument
European Security Strategy as a Foundation of ENP
The European Neighborhood Policy
Trade and Competitiveness
Development
Strategic Relations, Political Dialogue and CFSP
EU-Georgia Relations
From Partnership to Neighborhood and beyond Neighborhood Policy
EU-Georgia Partnership and Cooperation Agreement
Analysis
Looking at the Neighborhood from Georgian Perspective
Why is ENP Important for EU and for Georgia?
The Military Sector
The Economic Sector
The Education Sector
The Environmental Sector
The Society Sector
The Political Sector
How Sectors are Synthesized
EU Interests towards Black Sea Region: Why Georgia Matters?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"According to the commission's report these agreements permit the expansion of cooperation and economic amalgamation across a variety of domains. The effects of these agreements have not been realized at the current time. In any case, the ENP provides a foundation for improved cooperation in many distinct domains so that the EU and its partners can realize the full benefit of the structures that are in place (European Neighborhood Policy). To this end, the Action Plans will establish key priorities to be tackled in the years to come."
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The Arab-Israeli Conflict, 2002.
This paper is an examination of the Arab-Israeli Conflict.
3,050 words (approx. 12.2 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an interesting look into the Arab-Israeli conflict. It covers the conflict from the early 1900s, up to and including the current Intifada that began in 2000. It also discusses such subjects as the historical background of European Zionism, the emergence of Zionist terrorism during the ill-fated British Mandate and the birth of Israel as the result of a UN vote. According to this author, it is the continued Israeli occupation and not, the refusal of many Arab countries, or of the Palestinians, to recognize the right of Israel to exist, that is at the root of the Arab-Israeli conflict.
From the Paper
"Since 1967, the Palestinians have become bitterly reconciled to the existence of the state of Israel. They have no choice but to do so: Israel is the only power in the region with nuclear weapons. It also has the US for its major backer. (Each year Israel receives between $4 billion and $5 billion a year, mostly in military aid, from American taxpayers.) What Palestinians have demanded since 1967, and are still demanding, is that
Israel withdraws from the West Bank, the Gaza Strip, and East Jerusalem, so that the Palestinian state envisaged in the UN resolution of 1947 can be created. In the meantime, they live in a ?protracted state of political subjugation and economic dependence? (Morris 568).
The most critical development in recent years is the Israeli policy of settling the occupied territories with Jewish families. Settlement expansion into the occupied territories was first advocated by the Movement for the Whole Land of Israel and has been official policy in Israel since the rise of the Menachem Begin?s Likud (Revisionist Zionist) party to power in May 1977. Between 1977 and 1984, one hundred new settlements were built on occupied land (Morris 567). By 2001, as many as 400,000 Israelis had been settled in areas of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, and Jerusalem and its environs. As a result of the illegal settlements, public opinion in many countries has grown much more sensitive to the Palestinians? plight. During the 1970s and early 1980s, the Palestinian cause was not always highly regarded outside the Muslim world on account of its resort to sensational acts of terrorism. However, by the mid-1980s, the PLO was viewed increasingly as representing the victims of the conflict. Many informed people have since come to the conclusion that the well-armed and financed Israelis are no longer simply defending the right of their tiny little state to exist, but are actively using their powers to oppress the Palestinians and prevent them from founding the state to which they are entitled."
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The European Union, 2005.
This paper discusses the emergence of the European Union (EU) as a military actor.
2,240 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, since its inception, several events have conspired to push the European Union (EU) towards implementing foreign and security policies and military intervention; the ethnic conflicts on the doorstep of Europe in the Balkans and specifically the failures in Bosnia and Kosovo have prompted EU leaders to consider the role of the EU in military and humanitarian concerns. The author points out that, in the war on terror, the American response was 'shock and awe'; whereas, the 'European way of war' includes not only the Petersberg Tasks of peacekeeping and humanitarian aid but also trying to deal with the congeries of economic, political, social and human factors, which, if left unaddressed, can contribute to conflict and to support for terrorism. The paper concludes that the EU's identity as an actor on the world stage, as it has developed over the years, has proven it to be a successful economic and political participant in world affairs and, therefore, has been obliged the EU to take responsibility for international conflict and humanitarian crises in its capacity as a major world actor.
Table of Contents
Bosnia
Kosovo
Macedonia
Congo
The End of the Cold War
The 'War on Terror'
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The massacre at Srebrenica in Bosnia, July 1995 was called 'the worst mass murder in Europe since 1945'. The massacre was the culmination of civil war between Serbs and Muslims, brought about through ethnic rivalries. At the time, the United Nations (UN) was in official command of troops in Bosnia and had designated Srebrenica a safe zone for Bosniaks (Bosnian Muslims), but the UN troops (under a Dutch commander) found themselves unable to intervene. The troops, called in for peacekeeping and humanitarian aid, were not authorised to engage with the Serbs. While the EU with its newly formed Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) attempted negotiations, it was a case of too little, too late."
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The European Central Bank and the Interest Rate for Europe., 2002.
A look at the effect of the eurodollar and the European Central Bank on European interest rates.
2,900 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 10 sources, $ 106.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the economic impact of the eurodollar and the European Central Bank in relation to the development of an interest rate for European economies. Described here as a "mega-bank," the European Central Bank is critically evaluated as a high-risk economic institution that is also suspect in advancing the eventual assimilation of independent European countries.
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The European Union.
This paper discusses the European Union's power play in the Middle East.
3,740 words (approx. 15.0 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 103.95
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Abstract
This paper takes the position that the more interesting and pressing question is not the way in which the European nations will benefit from membership in the E.U., but how the development of the E.U. will influence the foreign policy framework of the region. The author points out that the Barcelona Declaration and the Barcelona Process, which came out of it, marks a new phase in Europe's foreign policy in which the European Union is announcing that it cannot afford the continuation of conflict in the Middle East and that peace is the only option. The paper relates that the Barcelona Declaration is ambitious because it basically aims to reshape the Middle East in economic and political terms, democratizing its political systems, liberalizing its economies, and promoting stable peace; these aims require a great deal of time, effort, and economic support from the E.U.
Table of Contents
Barcelona Declaration
Goal of the Barcelona Declaration
Democratization Policy
Conflict Resolution
Conclusion
From the Paper
"As stated in a paper prepared by the Research Group on European Affairs, a number of international factors determined the signing of the Barcelona Process in 1995. In the first place, changes in the international political atmosphere and increasing conflict, transitions and even destabilizations of countries in Eastern Europe, the Southern Mediterranean and North Africa, forced the Union to reconsider the nature of "its foreign policy making instruments". That is the EU had to re-define its foreign policy and the way that it planned and carried out this foreign policy so that it would be more in line with the changing international political atmosphere. In the second place, the continuation of instability and social, economic and political problems in the Middle East, which the United States took the lead in resolving and was failing to do so, was having a negative influence on the EU itself, on both the economic and political levels."
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?European Expansion and the Civilization of Modernity?, 2004.
An analysis of traditional and modern societies during the European expansion, through a review of ?European Expansion and the Civilization of Modernity? written by S. N. Elsenstadt.
723 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper examines modernism in Europe and the rise of socialism in non-Western societies. The paper reviews S. N. Elsenstadt's ?European Expansion and the Civilization of Modernity? and discusses Elsenstadt?s arguments regarding the changes in the European expansion in non-Western societies, from being modernist to socialist, even traditionalist, societies. The paper argues that the retardation of modernism in non-Western societies is not exactly the abrupt stoppage of the European expansion.
From the Paper
"?European expansion and the civilization of modernity? by S. N. Elsenstadt provides a through discussion and analysis of the dynamics concerning the European expansion, centering in particular on its effects in non-Western or Asian societies. Tracing the history of the European expansion from the emergence of industrialization to the development of capitalism in Western societies, the author seeks to determine what caused the seemingly contradicting development of the so-called ?expansionist? movement of modernization in Europe. That is, instead of spreading modernization and capitalism in Asian societies, what occurred was the rise of socialism, which is a new form of society that overturns the basic premises of capitalism-in effect, modernization."
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