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The EU Model and NAFTA, 2002.
A comparative analysis of the EU model and NAFTA.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the European Union serves as a model for political and economic integration. The author presents his reasons why he thinks that the members of NAFTA may follow a similar path.
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The EU and NAFTA, 2008.
A comparison of the institutions and policies of the European Union (EU) and North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).
1,529 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper briefly examines the differences and similarities between the European Union (EU) and North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). Specifically, the paper explores the various institutions of each and notes how the EU has in place institutions which seek political and social integration (at least with regards to policy) in a way that NAFTA does not - and probably never will.
From the Paper
"Having mentioned at length the political integration of Europe, some time should be devoted to the legal integration of the continent (and Great Britain). For one thing, the European Court of Justice ensures that all laws promulgated by the council and parliament are interpreted and applied in the same fashion in all member states; at the same time, the Luxembourg Court also ensures that national courts do not give different rulings when confronted with the same legal matters and substantially the same laws - and it works tirelessly to compel EU institutions to follow the letter of the law, as well (Europa, "How is the EU Organized?" sec.4). For its part, the Court of Auditors supervises EU funds and checks to make sure that taxpayer money is not spent illegally or in a profligate manner; the court - also based in Luxembourg - has the right to audit any organization handling EU money (Europa, "How is the EU Organized?" sec.5)."
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NAFTA and the EU, 2005.
This paper looks at NAFTA and the EU and discusses overcoming challenges through unity.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 4 sources, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This seven page undergraduate paper examines why geographical proximity is an important factor in the creation of trading blocs such as NAFTA and the EU. In part because of the geographical proximity of the member states of the European Union, the EU has served as a model for international political and economic integration, for the EU has been able to transform the European continent from a diverse, complicated, and myriad conglomeration of independent nations and markets into a unified economic and trade entity which has demonstrated far more success than most experts predicted when the EU was first established.
From the Paper
"Geographical proximity is an important factor in the creation of trading blocs such as NAFTA and the EU. In part because of the geographical proximity of the member states of the European Union, the EU has served as a model for international political and economic integration, for the EU has been able to transform the European continent from a diverse, complicated, and myriad conglomeration of independent nations and markets into a unified economic and trade entity which has demonstrated far more success than most experts predicted when the EU was first established."
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The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), 2007.
This paper discusses the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) between the U.S., Mexico and Canada and its impact on the U.S. job market.
2,075 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 17 sources, APA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was designed to open up the Canadian, U.S. and Mexican borders to free trade; however, NAFTA's ratification and implementation over the last decade has not had uniform success. The author points out that, while many detractors of NAFTA had predicted that the U.S. economy would run at an overall trade deficit with both Canada and Mexico, they failed to observe that overall exports to these two markets would increase greatly as well. The paper also examines the impact of NAFTA on the U.S. job market and concludes that some of the apparatus within NAFTA's regulatory structure, which allows for negotiation and renegotiation, should be utilized to make adjustments for the economic impact NAFTA has had on the U.S. economy especially on job loss. The paper includes tables on job creation and loss and wage changes.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Positive Economic Impact of NAFTA
Negative Economic Impact of NAFTA
Future Trends
Conclusion
From the Paper
"One industry that has been in decline in the U.S. for many years has been the textile industry. NAFTA's detractors often, supported by the U.S. textile industry itself, belabored this point in arguments against ratification of NAFTA. Cook points out that although NAFTA led to expanded markets for the U.S. textile industry by: 1) the elimination of import duties into Mexico on U.S. produced yarns and cotton, and 2) by mandating that Mexican textile manufacturers actually utilize U.S. yarn and cotton in textiles that are exported to the U.S. and Canadian markets."
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NAFTA and The American Auto Industry, 2007.
A discussion on the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the effects on the American auto industry.
3,920 words (approx. 15.7 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 106.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews NAFTA and its effect on the American auto industry. Specifically the researcher examines various theoretical propositions providing analysis of the effects of NAFTA since implementation. The author's aims and objectives include identifying the costs and benefits associated with NAFTA's implementation, as well as identifying future trends and areas for research growth with respect to NAFTA and the automobile industry. The primary research examined includes how NAFTA impacted the U.S. automobile industry as a whole; whether the overall effects of NAFTA on the U.S. automobile industry have been positive or negative; and what the future of the U.S. automobile industry is, based on research gathered regarding NAFTA since its inception.
Outline:
Introduction
Journal Review
Theoretical Discussion of Topic
NAFTA Integration Strategies
Data Analysis
Conclusions
From the Paper
"Koechlin & Larudee (1992) take an interesting approach reviewing the potential effectives of NAFTA prior to its full inception claiming that the overall costs of NAFTA would likely be too high or negative in nature, postulating that employment would be affected most severely particularly within the U.S. Lastly Globerman & Storer (2005) provide the most recent analysis of free trade and price convergence resulting from NAFTA. The authors adopt economic theory suggesting that liberalization of trade will ultimately result in price convergence. The authors also examine the impacts of convergence on returns to capital and wages, suggesting that multiple explanations exist for the seeming divergence that followed the Canada-U.S. Auto Pact in the early 1960s."
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NAFTA and Its Weaknesses, 2008.
A discussion of the weaknesses of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).
1,685 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the positive and negative effects the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) has had in Canada, the United States and Mexico. The paper asserts that NAFTA has taken on somewhat mythical proportions in the minds of its proponents and detractors alike. It holds that NAFTA has primarily struck a dissonant tone with the U.S. and Mexico, while Canada largely accepted its utility. To its detractors NAFTA offered a convenient scapegoat for all of the economic woes since its inception in January 1994, and to its proponents it has been responsible for most of the economic growth periods of the last 10 years. Yet, beyond all the hype, rhetoric, and ideology superficially imposed on it, NAFTA was a dynamic process that required monumental negotiation commitment on the part of the signatories and certainly on the part of Canada as the smallest market.
The paper concludes that, although NAFTA comes with its negative attributes, it has largely proven a boon to the Canadian economy and the country would be ill-advised to withdraw from the treaty.
Outline:
History & Description
NAFTA Weaknesses & Failure
Benefits & Cost Outcomes
Conclusion
From the Paper
"While NAFTA has been somewhat contentious since before its inception, the economic results of the agreement have proven largely inline with the positive projections associated with NAFTA by its designers and supporters. In fact, the increasing reliance on free-trade agreements which essentially become a 5th column in a country's foreign policy mechanism, NAFTA has become not just an economic success but a political template for further free-trade agreements across the globe. Some researchers have pointed out that NAFTA was ground-breaking both for its visionary approach to expanded trade relationships and for its unique integration into the signatory countries' sovereignty."
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Living and Working with NAFTA in the United States, 2004.
An analysis of the effects of NAFTA on the workers and consumers in the U.S.
6,243 words (approx. 25.0 pages), 29 sources, APA, $ 146.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the data and economic trends of the past twenty years in an effort to determine whether NAFTA has been a great boon to the U.S. economy or whether it has, in fact, destroyed jobs and spun trade deficits out of control.
The Case for NAFTA
The Case Against NAFTA
Analysis
Conclusions for NAFTA's Future
From the Paper
"Three pens were taken up on December 17, 1992, and three men signed their names marking a historic day in international trade relations. It was that day that President Bush of the United States of America, President Salinas of the United Mexican States, and Prime Minister Mulroney of Canada, each in their respective capitals, signed the North American Free Trade Agreement. Exactly eleven months later, with a vote of 234 to 200 the U.S. House of Representative passed the agreement. The U.S. Senate followed suit with a vote of 60 to 38, just three days later, on November 20, 1993. With President Clinton's signature on December 20, 1993, and effective January 1, 1994, the nearly 400 million people of North America became unified in one integrated marketplace under NAFTA."
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The Impact of NAFTA, 2001.
This paper examines the impact that the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) has on the continent.
1,750 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 10 sources, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a thorough definition of NAFTA and proceeds to examine the impact that this agreement has had on the United States. It deals with personal issues such as claims of heightened unemployment as well as national issues such as tax benefits and improved trade.
From the paper:
"On January 1, 1994, the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was implement between Canada, Mexico, and the United States. This treaty drops most tariffs by 50% immediately, and dropped to zero by 2009. It is a unique trading agreement between two developed countries and a developing nation on a single continent. After eight years since NAFTA commenced, there are mixed analysis and opinions on whether this treaty is a success. It was designed to provide a free-flow of goods between countries without imputative measures and tariffs being enforced; it was promoted as a means to improve productivity and create jobs in the three countries; and, it was touted as model for further free-trade blocs to be created in the Americas and in other regional markets. After eights, no other free-trade blocs exists, nor has any other free-trade treaties been pursued and/or implemented by the NAFTA partners; and, with a world in a recession, there are two points of views on whether NAFTA has been more damaging than good during at this time, or if NAFTA has prevented further harm through its free-flow of goods."
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Asylum Policy in the EU, 2008.
This paper discusses the notion of safe third countries in the European Union.
4,464 words (approx. 17.9 pages), 18 sources, APA, $ 116.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that France will take the presidency of the European Union (EU) from July to December 2008. Priorities during this period include a "common pact on immigration and asylum" , which aims towards a greater harmonisation in these fields, but which does not mention enforcing a better respect of human rights. The writer points out that this issue triggers questions about the role of the EU as a global player in the field of human rights. Indeed, asylum - which refers to the protection granted by a foreign country to a person persecuted for political opinions or religious beliefs in its own country - is per se linked to human rights. However, current EU policies tend to criminalize migrants trying to enter and settle in "Fortress Europe", disregarding their reasons for migrating. The writer discusses that a new trend has recently been development in the management of asylum procedures: third countries have been listed as "safe", which implicitly means that they should not produce refugees and therefore that nationals of such countries who would yet claim asylum might not been "genuine" refugees. One can then wonder why the EU implements such a principle and what are the consequences on the new asylum procedures, as far as human rights are concerned. In this essay, the writer focuses on the implementation of the principle of "safe third countries" in the EU and the criticisms it raises.
Outline:
INTRODUCTION
I. CURRENT IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SAFE THIRD COUNTRY PRINCIPLE IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
A. BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON COMMON ASYLUM POLICIES AT EU LEVEL
1. International Legislation
2. EU Legislation
Before the Amsterdam Treaty (1999)
The Amsterdam Treaty
The Tampere Treaty and its Aftermath
The Hague Program (2004)
B. BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON THE NOTION OF SAFE THIRD COUNTRIES
1. Justification of the Principle of "safe third country"
2. European Vision of Safe Third Countries
Uses of Safe Third Country Principle in Europe
II. CRITIC OF THE SAFE THIRD COUNTRY PRINCIPLE
A. LEGALITY OF SAFE THIRD COUNTRY LISTS
1. Human Rights Issues in "safe" Third Countries
2. A Breach in the Geneva Convention?
B. NEGATIVE IMPACTS AND COUNTER-ACTIONS TAKEN BY NGOS TO FIGHT AGAINST THIS PRINCIPLE
1. Consequences of the Implementation of Safe Third Countries Principle
In the "Old Europe": Decreasing Rates of Asylum Claims in France
A New Burden for Bordering Countries of the EU and EU's Neighbours
2. Counter-strike of NGOS: Case Forum Refugies vs. OFPRA
CONCLUSION
Bibliography
From the Paper
"To deal with asylum, it is necessary to remind some basic points of the Convention. Firstly, according to the 1951 Geneva Convention, to be granted refugee status, an asylum seek must lodge his/her claim in the State s/he wants to be recognize by, that is to say, s/he must have physical access to the territory of this State to start a procedure in which the validity of his/her claims can be assessed. Secondly, it is up to each State party to the convention to interpret the convention at its own discrepancy. Some States can be criticized for rejecting many asylum claims but that does not prove in itself a violation of the Convention, but rather a very strict interpretation. Thirdly, we need to remind ourselves that returning to their country of origin rejected asylum seekers and generally all irregular migrants not in need of protection is a difficult challenge. The procedures of detention, deportation and readmission have not been addressed by the 1951 Convention. Such measures depend on national or EU rules, but still should comply with international human rights standards. Both the overstaying and the removal of rejected asylum seekers create problems in terms of credibility and integrity of asylum systems. This is part of a wider debate on the balance of international cooperation and solidarity and control of migration fluxes."
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Case Study: Non European Union (EU) or European Union, 2008.
Discusses the European Union (EU) and its individual markets as a potential target market for entry by a foreign enterprise as well as a non-member market.
1,785 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This analysis examines the characteristics of two specific target countries for potential market entry by a foreign enterprise. The two countries examined are a non-EU member country which is Indonesia and an EU member state which is Spain. Additionally, the benefits and disadvantages of such countries vis-a-vis individual company acquisitions or joint venture targets are discussed.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Country Analysis
Overview
Target Country One--Indonesia
Cultural
Trading Blocs and Related Data
Major Currencies
Fund Repatriation and Exchange Rate Risks
Target Country Two--Spain
Cultural
Trading Blocs and Related Data
Major Currencies
Fund Repatriation and Exchange Rate Risks
European Union Membership Versus
Non-Membership
The EU Market Environment
Non-EU Market Disadvantages
Business and Commerce in EU Markets
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The most important regional trading blocs related to this project are ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations). Indonesia reported a trade surplus with Japan of $9,018m, $5,096m with the United States, and $1,958m with China as recently as 2000 which indicative a strong export economy (Indonesia, 2006). These and its other total exports formed the equivalent of $57.4b worth of exports in 2001. Its current account stands at $6,899m and balance on goods of $22,695 while its balance on services totals a deficit of -$10,380m . Regional barriers to trade are minimal."
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NAFTA, 2006.
This paper analyzes the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) more than a decade after its inception.
1,155 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that controversy surrounding NAFTA has been relatively continuous since its inception. The author points out that the five most hotly debated questions surrounding NAFTA are (1) has NAFTA been a success? (2) has the U.S. lost more jobs than it has gained?, (3) has immigration from Mexico slowed?, (4) what are the known benefits and costs? (5) has the state of Texas benefited? The paper states that, despite significant failures and flaws, the North American Free Trade Agreement has been very successful in its twelve-year history. The paper includes a statistical table.
From the Paper
"No trade agreement will be beneficial to everyone all the time. And while there certainly have been some losers in the wake of NAFTA, overall the effects have been positive. U.S. exports, for example, have risen significantly. This is a statistical benefit of the trade agreement. U.S. exports within NAFTA nations grew 103% between 1993 and 1998, while exports to all other nations increased at only half that rate. This is indicative of increased trade and, presumably, increased prosperity. However, studies written around the tenth anniversary of the trade agreement's inception reported different findings."
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NAFTA, 2007.
This paper discusses the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).
1,015 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the writer looks at the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) that took effect on January 1, 1994. The writer points out that the result of NAFTA is increased trade, but with a growing U.S. trade deficit and job dislocation, particularly in manufacturing. Yet, economic growth has fueled job and wage growth in the U.S., increasing gross domestic product and foreign investment. The writer maintains that overall, the U.S. is better off under NAFTA with increased economic growth and dramatically more foreign investment. The writer concludes that even if NAFTA had never been signed, global economic forces would have forced specialization, as is already occurring with other trading partners. NAFTA simply accelerated the inevitable.
From the Paper
"The dismantling of trade barriers and opening of markets have led to economic growth and rising prosperity in the U.S., Mexico and Canada. The real GDP growth for all NAFA partners from 1993 to 2005 has been impressive. U.S. GDP during this time period grew 48%t while Mexico's increased by 40% and Canada's grew by 49%. However, because the Canadian and Mexican economies are much smaller than the economy of the U.S., their increases actually represent much larger growth rates."
"There is great debate about the job and wage impact of NAFTA. U.S. unemployment has fallen from 7.5% just before the signing of NAFTA, while trade deficits over the last decade grew by nearly 300%. Further, total U.S. employment grew by twenty-two million jobs between 1990 and 2000, and U.S. average per capita real income rose by 26% over the same period."
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North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), 2004.
This paper discusses NAFTA, which established a free-trade zone in North America and was signed in 1992 by Canada, Mexico, and the United States. It took effect on Jan. 1, 1994.
985 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that NAFTA immediately removed tariffs on the majority of goods produced by the participating nations and set forth a plan for the gradual elimination, over a period of 15 years, of most remaining barriers to cross-border investment and to the movement of goods and services among the three countries. The author points out that, unlike the United States, Mexico's border communities have benefited from NAFTA, growing almost 10 times as fast as states in Mexico's south, while absorbing the lion's share of foreign investments. The paper concludes that calling NAFTA a ?trade? agreement is misleading; NAFTA is actually an investment agreement because its core provisions grant foreign investors a solid set of new rights and privileges that promote relocation abroad of factories and jobs and the privatization and deregulation of essential services, including water, energy, and health care.
From the Paper
"In 2000, California?s exports to Mexico totaled $14.4 billion, an increase of nearly 18 percent over the previous year, and Texas' shipments grew 5.5 percent to a total of $24.6 billion, according to Commerce Department figures (Lewis, 2004). Meanwhile, the United States continues to lure Mexican workers, many of whom came from rural communities when Mexico opened its markets to subsidized U.S. agricultural goods."
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NAFTA in Argentina, 2002.
Examines whether it is a wise economic move to expand the NAFTA agreement to include Argentina.
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 7 sources, $ 62.95
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Abstract
Looking at the question of whether or not it is wise to admit Argentina into NAFTA, then, depends largely on what side of the coin one likes to look at. On an economic basis, there is some compelling logic that makes such a deal attractive. On a practical level, however, there are problems with the implementation of the NAFTA agreement. Bringing more countries into the foray simply adds more chefs to an already crowded kitchen. In the end, the proper course of action largely depends on the ultimate objectives of the agreement. If NAFTA is a stepping stone to increased multilateral trade consistent with the provisions of the WTO, then we should applaud the entry of Argentina into the mix. If, however, NAFTA is a move towards increased regionalization at the expense of broad multilateral trade, then it should be dissuaded.
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NAFTA and the Canadian Economy, 2002.
A detailed examination of the impact of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) on the economy of Canada.
2,010 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the impact that NAFTA has had on the Canadian economy. Through examples of the role that NAFTA has played it is seen that this impact has been largely positive. Areas examined include NAFTA's role in mediating between the U.S. and Canada and increased employment through an increase in trade opportunity, among others. Arguments defending the role of NAFTA against criticism it has faced are also presented.
From the Paper
"Canada and the United States have had a long-standing friendship in which the two nations live peacefully side-by-side. The borders are not armed, the residents of each nation have respect for the other and there are many advantages enjoyed by remaining friendly. Just as any two friends will have disagreements from time to time, Canada and the US have also had their share of problems. One of the problems that has occurred from time to time between the two nations deals with the economics of each nation. NAFTA, which is a membership group designed to promote and improve trade relations within the member nations is sometimes called in to mediate between Canada and the US. NAFTA has had a positive impact on the Canadian economy overall, but it has not been without its problems for the northernmost country of the North American continent."
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