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EU Enlargement to Eastern Europe, 2006.
A look at some of the challenges and issues of the European Union's expansion to Eastern Europe.
2,062 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
When the Eastern European countries led by Poland decided to join the European Union (EU), the assumption was that they wanted to share the blessings of the free market being enjoyed by existing EU members. This paper discusses how economically, the Eastern European countries are a low-income region and how they are fighting issues such as unemployment and a low standard of living. It also examines how other EU members can show them how to potentially stimulate the growth of their own economies.
Outline:
Introduction
Poland's Problems
Migration
Agriculture
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Eastern Europe is a low-income region of about 100 million people whose combined income will raise the GDP of EU by a mere 5 per cent. This is very much less than the result of previous EU expansions to the North and South. It is not only their low income levels that may bring deleterious effects to EU but also the fact that these countries are in the middle of a transition phase from a centrally planned to a market economy. In addition, the new members will have to cope with more EU regulations than before because of the recent creation of the Single European Market concept. "
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Eastern and Middle Eastern Religions, 2007.
This paper discusses the Eastern and Middle Eastern religions of Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam and Sikhism
1,890 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Buddhism is a somewhat unique religion in that it does not personify the concept of god but rather the Buddha, who is a normal human having come to enlightenment and salvation through suffering; however, Hinduism is far more focused on divinity and messages from a spiritual realm beyond the understanding of humanity. The author points out that Islam, which is considered one of the three Abrahamic, monotheistic faiths, the other two being Judaism and Christianity, uses Allah (God), who is eternal, transcended and part of humanity in his compassion and mercy. The paper relates that Sikhism, which shares with Islam the paradigm of a single god, operates on the principle that all human beings are equal and should not be distinguished by parameters such as social class and royalty.
Table of Contents:
Buddhism
Hinduism
Islam
Sikhism
From the Paper
"In terms of salvation, Sikhism is close to Hinduism in its belief of the cycle of birth, life, death and rebirth. According to Sikhism, there is a progressive journey of the soul from the lowest orders of life, such as plants and animals, to the highest order of physical existence, being human. While several rebirths at this level of existence is possible, having reached human life means that the journey is close to completion. The soul reaches God at the point of physical death, where it is judged in order to determine whether more rebirth is required."
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Eastern European Nations Joining the EU, 2003.
A look at the reasons for and against certain Central and Eastern European countries joining the European Union.
3,674 words (approx. 14.7 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 101.95
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Abstract
This paper provides an overview of what the EU is and why it attracts several countries. It then looks at the economies of different Eastern European countries and examines what changes they need to make to be accepted into the EU.
1 .Introduction
2. A Brief History
2.1. Introducing the CEEC
2.1.1.The Agricultural Issue
3. An EU Perspective
4. Funding Issues
5. Case Studies
5.1 Czech Republic
5.2 Hungary
5.3 Poland
5.4 Slovenia
6 The Argument Over Integration
7. Conclusion
8 Bibliography
From the Paper
"The European Union faces many arduous tasks in upcoming years. The most troublesome possibly being that of enlarging the size and the scope of its members. Currently, it is in the discussion of the European Union to extend enlargement to central and Eastern Europe. Over the course of the next decade, the European Union will be propositioning some new candidates to join their ranks. The first group includes the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Poland, and Slovenia; countries likely to join later are Bulgaria, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, and the Slovak Republic. The first countries are not expected to join until 2003-2005."
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European Enlargement, 2003.
An analysis of the political and economic implications of European enlargement for the nations of Africa today.
3,614 words (approx. 14.5 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 100.95
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Abstract
The hypothesis of this research project is that the European enlargement to the European Committee of Construction Economists (CEEC) will have adverse side-effects on Africa, both politically and economically. While there are several sub-questions addressed, the primary research question addressed by this project is to identify the implications of the European enlargement to the Committee of European Economic Cooperation (CEEC) on the nations of Africa. The investment and financial help given by Western European countries will likely be reallocated from the historic patterns of assistance provided to the nations of Africa. At the same time, people from Eastern Europe will be free to work in Western European countries, so there will be less need for workers from Africa. In certain North African countries, the economic flow from the people working abroad, particularly in Europe, is more important than foreign investment. This study identifies the historic levels of assistance provided to the African nations in the form of employment for African emigrants and economic and technological assistance provided in kind, through loans and grants, as well as other economic assistance programs administered by non-governmental agencies, particularly the United Nations, and the countries of Western Europe. The paper includes graphs.
From the Paper
"This enormous diversity, combined with a paucity of reliable data from official statistics as to the composition of the group makes it very difficult to provide main characteristics of the community in general. Adugna adds that while the African immigrant experience in this area is relatively recent, African immigrants are already leaving their marks in the areas where they live in greatest numbers. "Such marks are more evident when one takes into consideration the growing number of business ventures and restaurants, churches and the communal associations that are flourishing abroad" (Adugna, 1998, p. 7)."
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Russia and Europe, 2005.
This paper discusses that Russia will never become an integral part of Europe.
1,810 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, after the collapse of the once all-powerful communist system in the Soviet Union in 1991, the natural progression seemed to be the prompt absorption of Russia into Europe; however, despite Russia's attempt to adopt a central government, the enlargement of negotiations with the European Union and the fact that most Russians want this integration, it hasn't happened. The author points out that geography is a major reason because (1) Russia, the world's largest country and more than twice the size of the entire continent of Europe, is seen by the European countries to be overpowering and (2) the border countries of eastern Europe--Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania and Poland-are now strongly anti-communist. The paper contends that the most important reason that this merger has not yet happened is because of (1) the difference in normative values, including psychological characteristics, behavioral patterns and cultural orientations, and of (2) Europe's remaining conception of Russia as an intimidating military "superpower".
From the Paper
"The security issue is two-fold, as well. In fact, there is a growing apprehension in Russia that Europe may come to dominate Russia economically, and may exclude it from the life of Europe and deny Russia access to Eastern Europe and former parts of the USSR, and that a new "encirclement of the Motherland" may start forming. These worries are not limited to the extremist camp and are spreading through the entire establishment of the Russian Federation. Many believe that this will lead to a new division of the continent, which is dangerous to peace and Russian development."
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2004 E.U. Enlargement and the Economic Results, 2006.
A research paper examining the economic results of the 2004 enlargement of the European Union.
5,700 words (approx. 22.8 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 137.95
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Abstract
The fifth enlargement of 2004 was the most ambitious in the history of the European Union. It was the largest ever in terms of number of countries (10) and population (75 million) acceding to the European Union. This paper focuses on the economic results of the enlargement. The paper questions whether the 2004 enlargement boosted the EU-15's and/or new member states' economies. It also examines whether Western European countries' initial fears were actually justified actually and whether the EU-15 paid the bill for Eastern and Central European economic success. The paper includes graphs and tables.
Paper Outline:
Introduction
The Challenging Fifth Enlargement has Undeniably Boosted Newcomers' Economies
Two Years Later: An Economic Success?
Has Western Europe paid the Bill for Eastern and Central European Economic Success?
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"It is almost impossible to draw conclusions regarding the migration of Eastern European workers to the EU-15 since all but three of the old member states (Ireland, the UK, and Sweden) have applied transitional restriction since May 2004. Other old Member States maintained a work-permit regime combined with a quota system, invoking an up-to-seven-year derogation from the principle of free movement of workers granted by the 2003 Accession Treaty. We can nevertheless notice that migratory flows from the EU-10 have been small, even towards countries that have allowed unrestricted movement of workers. This is consistent with the experience of previous enlargements: mobility of labor remains very low in Europe."
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Enlargement of the European Union, 2002.
A discussion of the criteria for new countries attempting to enter the European Union and the effects of enlargement.
2,702 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 81.95
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Abstract
This paper provides an insight to the European Union. It begins with a brief history from the Treaty of Paris in 1951 with 6 countries until the current 15 member countries. It examines the effect of enlargement such as the political, economical, and cultural benefits and shows how adding the prospective countries would instill a greater sense of safety and peace. It looks at the 13 countries who are currently being examined to enter the European Union, the necessary economic and political conditions that must be met and the extent to which each individual country meets them.
From the Paper
"After having gone through two major world wars, Europe was ready for a settlement. This basic idea was the start of the need for a unification of the European countries, since this unification would be the key to finally keeping peace. In 1946, Churchill called for a ?United States of Europe? that would have control over the production of coal and steel, two German resources that were known as being instrumental catalysts of war. The allied countries after the war felt that if Germany continued to have complete control over these resources, a future outbreak of war could be possible. As a result of this the six countries, France, Italy, Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg, became the founding members of the European Coal and Steel Community by signing the Treaty of Paris in 1951."
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Penis Enlargement Surgery, 2004.
A general look at the causes and effects of penis enlargement surgery.
757 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
Penis enlargement surgery is one of the newest additions to the seemingly never-ending list of reproductive technologies on today's market. This paper explains the reason for this technology coming into development and the different methods available. It also highlights both the advantages and disadvantages that come with the use of this technology.
From the Paper
"Over the last 30 years, with technology increasing and the idea that 'bigger is better' spreading, the methods of penis enlargement surgery have become both numerous and varied. Penis enlargement surgery, also known as penile augmentation or penile enhancement surgery, consists of two surgical procedures to enlarge the penis. The first is used to increase the girth of the penis. This procedure uses fat cells inserted around the penis. The second involves extending the tissue that fills with blood named the corpora cavernosa out of the body to achieve length. Cutting the suspensory ligaments of the corpora cavernosa does this."
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The Expectation-Reality Gap in ASEAN Enlargement, 2003.
How Association of Southeast Asian Nations' (ASEAN) expectation in enlargement differs from what comes out from it.
3,218 words (approx. 12.9 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 92.95
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Abstract
This essay attempts to show how much ASEAN?s norms have undermined its ability to face the challenges posed by Myanmar membership in the Association and hence also reduce its ability to realize the stated objectives and expectations of the membership. This is even more interesting since there is a possibility that ASEAN, with its rhetoric of embracing Myanmar in order to ?democratise? it, has actually perpetuated the repressive military junta. After all, the promotion of human rights and democracy has not been one of the Association?s priority. To achieve this, political, economic and security expectations and real outcome are analyzed and compared.
Introduction
ASEAN?s Expectation in Engaging Myanmar
Reality after Membership
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Since 1998, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) has finally become truly regional by including all ten states of the region in its membership. In 1992 it accepted Viet Nam’s application, and in 1997 Laos and Myanmar joined in. Cambodia had to wait another year for membership but was finally admitted. This has been one of the vision set by its founders since its establishment in 1967 although at that time the Association was more a subregional alliance to contain the internal and external threat of communism for like-minded, anti-imperialist, anti-communist regimes, and to some extent to balance Viet Nam’s power in the region."
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Breast Augmentation and Penis Enlargement, 2000.
A discussion of the processes and psychology behind breast augmentation and penis enlargement.
1,105 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a description of medical procedures and psychology behind making the choice to make ourselves bigger. It examines the psychological reasoning behind why people feel they need to perform these processes.
From the Paper
"In our society bigger is better, or so we think. We are trapped in the idea that to be attractive is to be well endowed. Women have their breasts enlarged because their chests are on display whenever they are around other people. Men have their penises enlarged because they think that women don't like small penises."
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Enlargement of the European Court of Justice, 2001.
2,695 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 11 sources, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This essay discusses the history of expansion of the power of the European Court of Justice (ECJ) jurisprudence over the legislation of European Union member states, and examines several explanations for this expansion. The author then considers how this application of ECJ law impresses on the integration of the acquis communitaire into the administration of both the existing member states and the accession states. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of the implications that the expanded role of the European Court of Justice may hold for the future of the European Union.
Introduction
Expanding Role of the European Court of Justice
Role of the ECJ in the Integration of EU Policy
into ?Sovereign? States & Implications for the Future of
the European Union
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Since the 1950?s the European Court of Justice?s role in European society has grown dramatically. This growth has perhaps been unnoticed by politicians in the various member states of the European Union. Additionally, most political scientists have largely ignored the European Court of Justice.[1] The expansion of the ECJ has reached a point where ECJ jurisprudence is being used by national courts to overrule some laws promulgated by national legislatures![2] Given that no existing treaty within the EU provides this sort of autonomy or authority to the ECJ [3], one would not be silly to question how such a situation has come about."
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Eastern Religion and U.S. Pop Culture, 2004.
A look at how Eastern Religion, Eastern mysticism, and magic influence the pop culture in America.
2,213 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how ?Eastern religion?, also alluded to as ?Eastern mysticism? and ?mysticism? and the occult, along with magic and its many off-shoots, have had a considerable influence on American pop culture over the past few decades. It looks at how movies, books, and music all have been touched and enhanced by mysticism and its cousins.
Outline
Introduction to Eastern Religion, Eastern Mysticism and Magic
The Beatles and Transcendental Meditation: Rock Superstars Dipping into an Ancient Mysticism to find Peace in a World Drenched in Chaos and Materialism
Martin Scorsese and Eastern Mysticism
Harry Potter?s Magic as a Mystical Force in Pop Culture
From the Paper
"For many people who came of age and got into rock music in the 1960s and 1970s, and perhaps smoked some marijuana and even experimented with LSD, their interest in eastern religion and mysticism began with the Beatles? fascination with ? and association with ? the Maharishi Mahesh Yogi. It was John Lennon and George Harrison, in particular, who embraced the Maharishi in the late 1970s and early 1980s, in the town of Rishikesh, deep in the Himalayan foothills of northern India. The media clamored for photos of the Beatles hanging out and drinking in the good vibes of this holy man in white robes who preached peace through self-awareness and higher consciousness through meditation."
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The EU and Russia, 2005.
A critical evaluation of the European Union's policy towards Russia since the end of the Cold War.
5,074 words (approx. 20.3 pages), 33 sources, MLA, $ 127.95
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Abstract
This paper deals with the impetus behind the European Union's (EU) policies towards Russia since the end of the Cold War. It looks at how it has been twofold with institutional reform to promote democracy and economic aid to assist in the integration of the former communist countries into the global sphere.
Outline
The End of Empire?
EU/Russia Policies in the 1990s: Institutional Reform and Economic Aid
The EU, NATO and Russia
Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP)
EU Enlargement 2004 - New Borders, New Neighbours
Four Common Spaces
Kaliningrad and the Schengen Regime
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The impetus behind the EU's policies towards Russia since the end of the Cold War has been twofold: institutional reform to promote democracy and economic aid to assist in the integration of the former communist countries into the global sphere. Behind these policies there is fear: an apprehension regarding the mere size of the Eastern countries and the potential threat of a reawakening of Soviet economic and military might; a concern for the possible exodus of immigrants into the EU and the social and economic ramifications for the EU as a whole and individual member states near the borders; an unease at the possibility of an almost never-ending enlargement of the EU and the consequences for the existing community; and the unpleasant notion that without assistance, the former countries of the USSR will fail to develop into in a democratically and economically acceptable way - i.e. following the orthodox neo-liberal capitalist ideal of the West - and the possibility that this may lead to a more confrontational, antagonistic division once again. "
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Asylum Policy in the EU, 2008.
This paper discusses the notion of safe third countries in the European Union.
4,464 words (approx. 17.9 pages), 18 sources, APA, $ 116.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that France will take the presidency of the European Union (EU) from July to December 2008. Priorities during this period include a "common pact on immigration and asylum" , which aims towards a greater harmonisation in these fields, but which does not mention enforcing a better respect of human rights. The writer points out that this issue triggers questions about the role of the EU as a global player in the field of human rights. Indeed, asylum - which refers to the protection granted by a foreign country to a person persecuted for political opinions or religious beliefs in its own country - is per se linked to human rights. However, current EU policies tend to criminalize migrants trying to enter and settle in "Fortress Europe", disregarding their reasons for migrating. The writer discusses that a new trend has recently been development in the management of asylum procedures: third countries have been listed as "safe", which implicitly means that they should not produce refugees and therefore that nationals of such countries who would yet claim asylum might not been "genuine" refugees. One can then wonder why the EU implements such a principle and what are the consequences on the new asylum procedures, as far as human rights are concerned. In this essay, the writer focuses on the implementation of the principle of "safe third countries" in the EU and the criticisms it raises.
Outline:
INTRODUCTION
I. CURRENT IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SAFE THIRD COUNTRY PRINCIPLE IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
A. BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON COMMON ASYLUM POLICIES AT EU LEVEL
1. International Legislation
2. EU Legislation
Before the Amsterdam Treaty (1999)
The Amsterdam Treaty
The Tampere Treaty and its Aftermath
The Hague Program (2004)
B. BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON THE NOTION OF SAFE THIRD COUNTRIES
1. Justification of the Principle of "safe third country"
2. European Vision of Safe Third Countries
Uses of Safe Third Country Principle in Europe
II. CRITIC OF THE SAFE THIRD COUNTRY PRINCIPLE
A. LEGALITY OF SAFE THIRD COUNTRY LISTS
1. Human Rights Issues in "safe" Third Countries
2. A Breach in the Geneva Convention?
B. NEGATIVE IMPACTS AND COUNTER-ACTIONS TAKEN BY NGOS TO FIGHT AGAINST THIS PRINCIPLE
1. Consequences of the Implementation of Safe Third Countries Principle
In the "Old Europe": Decreasing Rates of Asylum Claims in France
A New Burden for Bordering Countries of the EU and EU's Neighbours
2. Counter-strike of NGOS: Case Forum Refugies vs. OFPRA
CONCLUSION
Bibliography
From the Paper
"To deal with asylum, it is necessary to remind some basic points of the Convention. Firstly, according to the 1951 Geneva Convention, to be granted refugee status, an asylum seek must lodge his/her claim in the State s/he wants to be recognize by, that is to say, s/he must have physical access to the territory of this State to start a procedure in which the validity of his/her claims can be assessed. Secondly, it is up to each State party to the convention to interpret the convention at its own discrepancy. Some States can be criticized for rejecting many asylum claims but that does not prove in itself a violation of the Convention, but rather a very strict interpretation. Thirdly, we need to remind ourselves that returning to their country of origin rejected asylum seekers and generally all irregular migrants not in need of protection is a difficult challenge. The procedures of detention, deportation and readmission have not been addressed by the 1951 Convention. Such measures depend on national or EU rules, but still should comply with international human rights standards. Both the overstaying and the removal of rejected asylum seekers create problems in terms of credibility and integrity of asylum systems. This is part of a wider debate on the balance of international cooperation and solidarity and control of migration fluxes."
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Case Study: Non European Union (EU) or European Union, 2008.
Discusses the European Union (EU) and its individual markets as a potential target market for entry by a foreign enterprise as well as a non-member market.
1,785 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This analysis examines the characteristics of two specific target countries for potential market entry by a foreign enterprise. The two countries examined are a non-EU member country which is Indonesia and an EU member state which is Spain. Additionally, the benefits and disadvantages of such countries vis-a-vis individual company acquisitions or joint venture targets are discussed.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Country Analysis
Overview
Target Country One--Indonesia
Cultural
Trading Blocs and Related Data
Major Currencies
Fund Repatriation and Exchange Rate Risks
Target Country Two--Spain
Cultural
Trading Blocs and Related Data
Major Currencies
Fund Repatriation and Exchange Rate Risks
European Union Membership Versus
Non-Membership
The EU Market Environment
Non-EU Market Disadvantages
Business and Commerce in EU Markets
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The most important regional trading blocs related to this project are ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations). Indonesia reported a trade surplus with Japan of $9,018m, $5,096m with the United States, and $1,958m with China as recently as 2000 which indicative a strong export economy (Indonesia, 2006). These and its other total exports formed the equivalent of $57.4b worth of exports in 2001. Its current account stands at $6,899m and balance on goods of $22,695 while its balance on services totals a deficit of -$10,380m . Regional barriers to trade are minimal."
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