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Ethical Issues in Counseling, 2004.
An examination of ethical issues in counseling and the status of counselor ethics at present.
3,648 words (approx. 14.6 pages), 22 sources, APA, $ 101.95
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Abstract
The tasks of psychotherapy and counseling are ones of extreme significance in the lives of the hurting. This paper attempts to define ethics and their personal application as they relate to the counseling profession. It also discusses some of the issues that counselors face which can challenge their concepts of ethical practice. Finally, it gives a general overview of the status of the counseling profession as it exists at present.
From the Paper
"The tasks of psychotherapy and counseling are ones of extreme significance in the lives of the hurting. This paper will attempt to define ethics and their personal application as they relate to the counseling profession. It will also discuss some of the issues that counselors face which can challenge their concepts of ethical practice. Finally, it will give a general overview of the status of the counseling profession as it exists at present. These concepts of ethics should dictate the daily decision making of any counselor. In developing our own personal ethics as counselors, we must fully understand the accepted standards of ethics as they exist in established mental health practice. The difficulty in this endeavor is that often these codes are difficult to apply to a specific situation or at worst, contradictory (American Counseling Association [ACA], 1995). Although there are many similarities between the various ethical codes of conduct, differences and conflicts do arise due to the world view and primary goals of each organization. In determining our own individual ethical guidelines, a counselor must utilize these varying interpretations of ethical behavior to serve as a basis for lifelong growth in decision making skills and formation of ethical standards. These ethical situations often arise out of the power dynamic in the counselor / client relationship. It is the ethics of this relationship that form the foundation for what is defined as a counseling code of ethics. Clients seek out therapists for reasons as varied as marital problems, and work anxiety. Whatever the reason one approaches a therapist, by the time they do so they are usually in a very emotionally sensitive. By this point they have often times tried to handle their difficulties on their own. They may have talked to friends, clergy, or family about the issue. Unfortunately, untrained advice often makes issues more confusing. When none of these things work, they seek the help of a professional counselor of therapist. When they do this it is vital that they be able to trust the professionalism and the ethics of the therapist and counselor they turn to. The ethics of professional counselors are strictly defined and adhered to (Kelman, 1968). Some of the numerous codes that exist include those of the America Counseling Association, the American Association of Christian Counselors, and the American Psychological Association. Familiarization and adherence to these codes is essential in learning good decision making skills as a professional counselor."
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Family and Relationship Counselors: Techniques and Issues, 2000.
Interviews and research into the profession of Family and Relationship Counselors.
3,450 words (approx. 13.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 97.95
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Abstract
An examination into what it takes to become a family and relationship counselor. Several articles are analyzed dealing with the issues and techniques that counselors in this field cope with and use. Systems theory and interpersonal conflict theory are two of the techniques that can be used. The paper addresses one of the issues that clergy are used so often as a means of psychotherapy that psychologists and the clergy should work together to help more people. Another issue addressed is that of counselor ethics. It is becoming a more mandated practice to report any type of child abuse, thus breaking confidentiality and possibly harming the client-therapist relationship. The writer interviews Tim Klopfenstein about his position as a counselor. He shows how this professional wants to help people, but warns that a counselor should know how to help him/herself first.
From the Paper
"Because I plan on pursuing a career in family and relationship counseling I figured that researching what it is that these counselors have to deal with and think about would be productive to achieving my goals. Without actually experiencing what it is that family and relationship counselors do every day, I will never know if I am "compatible" with that career. However, reading articles and studies about the issues they face and the techniques they use and talking to a person in the profession gave me a vague idea of what I am getting myself into."
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Ethical Issues of Counselors, 2005.
This paper examines the intensely personal relationship between patient and counselors, which renders these professionals prone to complicated ethical dilemmas.
1,200 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, while, the majority of psychologists and counselors would never intentionally harm their clients, they are often put in positions in which the morally correct answer is not entirely cut and dry. The author points out that, in these instances of ethical ambiguity, counselors must make snap decisions in which no action is entirely without its drawback; furthermore, counseling is not an exact science and therefore the counselor must be careful not to do more harm than good. The paper relates that many psychological counselors take a risk management approach to their practice because counselors are constantly faced with situations that challenge their ethics and must always be wary of even the appearance of acting in an unethical manner.
From the Paper
"These situations may apply to a broad range of aspects of the counselor's practice. For instance, a counselor may face an ethical dilemma on a strictly professional level. For example, if the counselor went of vacation and left the hiring of an office assistant to his partners, only to return to discover that the person hired was a former client. This situation may or may not present a professional conflict of interest. There are also situations in which the ethical dilemma is more on a personal level. For example, if the counselor's sister had a troubled son who refused to be counseled by anyone but the counselor himself. This situation would have the potential to have lasting repercussions on the relationships between the counselor and his nephew and sister. A counselor may also face ethical dilemmas which challenge the relationship with the client. For example, a female client who is so overcome by the excitement of having just passed the bar exam comes toward the counselor with open arms and lips puckered. On the one hand, the counselor would want to validate the client's excitement while at the same time avoiding doing anything that might be misconstrued at a later time. Counselors may also be faced with situations that could have legal repercussions."
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Ethical Egoism and Ethical Relativism, 2002.
Examines the positions of ethical egoism and relativism about morality of individual action and their validity in the contemporary discourse of philosophy.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper shows that ethical egoism underlies a fundamental assumption of self-interest and happiness whereas ethical relativism holds that morality is relative to the norms of society.
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Palliative Care, 2006.
A discussion on ethical standards and issues for counselors in palliative (end-of-life) care situations.
2,215 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
A counselor should always use skills of emotional assessment, active listening and goal setting with clients. Counselors working with the terminally ill must use additional skills of deep exploration of value clarification, be capable of employing crisis intervention techniques, be competent to advocate when necessary and provide bereavement counseling. The purpose of this paper is to make counselors more aware of end-of-life issues client's may face and how the counseling code of ethics should guide the counselor when assisting terminally ill clients. It also looks at issues within the code of ethics that are lacking, client rights and debatable end-of-life ethical and legal issues.
Table of Contents
Code of Ethics
Client/Patient Rights
Touchy Ethical/Legal Issues
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The ACA "Code of Ethic"s with the terminally ill should involve some mention of religion/spirituality assessment as a core component of practice with this population. Chandler, Holden, and Kolander (1992) reported that understanding spiritual development is a complex issue and requires a lot of assessment time to get to the root of a client's issues. "All this time there is no known objective measure of spiritual development" (p. 171). In their article, they declared that spiritual preoccupation, spiritual wellness, and repression of the sublime all need to be assessed in order to show one's true root of spiritual development."
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Ethics and Environmental Ethics, 2006.
An investigation into ethics and how they apply to natural resource management.
4,455 words (approx. 17.8 pages), 16 sources, MLA, $ 116.95
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Abstract
This paper defines ethics and explains some of the different viewpoints on ethics that exist. The paper then gives a critical view of ethics. Next, it discusses Aldo Leopold's land ethic. The paper concludes that there are many different opposing viewpoints in ethics and every person must make up their own ethics by which to live.
Table of Contents:
How do we Define Ethics?
A complicated System of Groups
Ethical Theories
Deontological Versus Teleological Theories
Every Situation is Different
The Critical View of Ethics
The Never Ending Story
Ethics as a Limiting Factor
Ethics as Propaganda
Ethics and the Environment
Aldo Leopold's Ethics
Aldo Leopold's Land Ethic
Conclusion
In the Literature
The Rose Theory
From the Paper
"In order to discuss ethics, one must first attempt to understand the intricacies involved in this discipline. First, a distinction must be made between ethics and morality. "Ethical wisdom consists in knowing how to frame the ideal, and moral sagacity consists in knowing how to put the ideal to work and realize it in practice" (Rader 1964). In other words, ethics may be thought of as the theory by which morality is practiced. Although separate ideas, neither morality nor ethics can exist without the other. Once this distinction is made, the question must be asked, is ethics a science? Researchers have long tried to answer this question, and many have come to the following conclusion. It is believed that ethics is a "normative science: concerned with norms and standards not empirical facts" (Rader 1964)."
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Ethics and Counseling, 2002.
An examination of the counseling profession and the various ethical issues that arise in this field.
2,661 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 29 sources, MLA, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper defines the ethics that a professional counselor or therapist is bound by. The paper explores various ethical issues that clients and therapists are faced with and how they are normally viewed and handled. The paper also discusses the profession itself and its beliefs about the ethics of its members. Using several professional journal articles and sources, the paper defines the ethics that are required, the problems that can occur surrounding working with troubled clients and the ethics that can arise in that practice and suggestions to protect both the client and the therapist or counselor.
From the Paper
"Over the last five decades the use of professional counselors and therapists has been on the rise. Those who find their lives stunted because of emotional issues are often slowed in many areas of their life. The problem not only affects the person involved but also affects their family, friends and co-workers.
Professional counselors and therapists are charged with an extremely important duty. They assist in the troubled person working through the issue and learning to put their life back in order(Bakan, D. 1967).. There are times one goes to a professional counselor because of an isolated incident or issue and there are times one is needed because of a lifelong accumulation of issues or incidences. Regardless of the reason someone goes to a professional counselor or therapist it is important that they feel comfortable opening up to them(Baumrind, D. (1964).. It is equally important that the client be able to trust their counselor regarding confidentiality, professional conduct and other things(Baumrind, D. (1985).. "
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Counseling Professionals and Ethical Standards, 2008.
A review of "Issues and Ethics in the Helping Professions" by G. Corey, M. Corey and P. Callanan.
2,046 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
The paper examines "Issues and Ethics in the Helping Professions" where the authors focus on the issue of ethics in relationship to counseling professionals. The paper shows how the text is both a source of information and a tool that counselors can use in their development of personal ethical standards that will allow them to become more effective professionals.
From the Paper
"Corey, Corey and Callanan (2007) focus on the issue of ethics in relationship to counseling professionals. The purpose behind the text is to allow the counselor or student to explore ethics in a manner that can be applicable to real life situations and develop personal ethical standards that are essential for working with clientele. At the core of the ethical exploration suggested by the book, however, is Corey, Corey and Callanan's (2007) contention that all counselors must ultimately make determinations best on what solution will benefit the client over the long term (p. 1). According to Corey, Corey and Callanan (2007), taking this approach to ethics provides the most effective decisions, as well as answers that are based upon the counselor's purpose for functioning - the client's needs (p. 1)."
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School Counselors, 2006.
An in-depth analysis of ethical dilemmas faced by school counselors.
6,372 words (approx. 25.5 pages), 43 sources, MLA, $ 148.95
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Abstract
This paper investigates what sorts of ethical dilemmas are currently being faced by school counselors and also what sort of approaches to solving them they have been trained to use. It examines the issue in terms of how it relates to school counselors, students and parents and considers the immense potential for harm vs. the immense potential for abrogation of civil rights.
Table of Contents:
Chapter One--Introduction
Statement of The Problem
Purpose of The Study
Research Questions
Hypotheses
Rationale of Study
Limitations of Study
Definitions
Chapter Two--Literature Review
Definitions of Ethics and Morals
The state of The Research on Counseling Ethics
Most Common Ethical Dilemmas and Failures
Confidentiality and Minors in Counseling Situations
Chapter Three--Methodology
Research Questions
Hypotheses
Participants
Data Collection
Data Analysis
From the Paper
"Mehrhof, Hawes and Ermler (1996) surveyed middle school and secondary school physical education teachers in Kansas, Minnesota, Iowa and Nebraska concerning the educators' perceptions of assistance needed by students and sought from the physical education teacher. Mehrhoff, Hawes and Ermler's results indicated that the most frequent requests for counseling were in the areas of student conflict (98 percent), boyfriend/girlfriend issues (87 percent) and conflicts with parents (87 percent). The three least likely areas for students to request help were with birth control methods (58 percent), criminal behavior (58 percent) and suicidal thoughts (56 percent)."
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The Ethical Environment, 2006.
A look at ethical communication within the ethical environment.
5,949 words (approx. 23.8 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 141.95
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Abstract
This paper attempts to define what an ethicist really is and their contribution to the business environment, through an analysis the ethical perspectives of the available literature.
Outline
What Is An Ethicist?
Character Development/Education
Technical Communication Ethics
Writing, Communication and Ethics
Ethics in Corporate Values Statements
Ethics of Top Employees of the Public Sector
Ethics of Communication of the Construction Sector
Ethical Dilemmas in Managing Human Assets
Ethics of Truth and Deception in Advertising
Changing Social Expectations of Major Corporations
Ethics of Communication in the Apparel Industry
From the Paper
"Philosophy has provided us with many ethical theories. Those of Kant, Mill and Aristotle seem to have won the ethical popularity contest, but they constitute only a fraction of the diversity that is evident in the history of the discipline. The Macmillan and Free Press "Encyclopedia of Philosophy," 4th Edition, categorizes and impressive variety of theories, beginning with ethical cognitive and non-cognitive and splintering into naturalism, non-naturalism, and multiple instantiations of each approach. As investigators of The Ethical Environment of Communications in Organizations we can construe most moral perspectives within the framework of one of these approaches, but not all of these approaches are equally compelling. According to many philosophical critics, some of them have implications that are borderline on the unethical, face serious counter-examples, or are incapable of adequately solving dilemmas."
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Ethical Practice in Counseling, 2007.
An examination of two specific sections of the American Psychological Association's (APA) code of ethics from a counselor's point of view.
1,353 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper examines two sections of the APA's code of ethics: confidentiality and discrimination. It looks at an instance wherein the APA code of ethics offends the writer's personal beliefs and an instance where the code is in accordance with the writer's beliefs. The paper explains how one must never allow personal sensibilities to intrude upon the professional discharge of duties. The paper then discusses the case of a daughter accusing her father of rape, and the ethical obligations of the counselor according to the APA code of ethics. In addition, the writer relates that she values confidentiality, but believes that confidentiality cannot be absolute and something as serious as an allegation of sexual assault must be brought to the attention of the father - as long as reasonable precautions have been undertaken.
From the Paper
"To begin with, this writer finds little in the APA Code of Ethics that is cause for concern. In particular, section 3.01 of the APA's 2003 Code of Ethics takes a strong stance on the issue of unfair discrimination, stating that discriminating against any party on the basis of age, gender, race, religious affiliation or sexual orientation - among several others - is abominable and unacceptable. As someone who has long been opposed to discrimination in all its forms, obeying this injunction is something that will cause little trouble for this counselor. On the other hand, my own strong feelings about the need to maintain confidentiality - and my recognition that confidentiality is something which cannot always be maintained - is an area that is sure to cause me some significant angst insofar as my professional obligations run counter to my own personal belief system and my own conviction that confidential disclosures from a young person should not be circulated to other members of the group."
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Ethical Counseling, 2002.
Examines the ethical codes and practitioner duties of the American Counseling Association, the Christian Association for Psychological Studies and the American Association of Pastoral Counselors.
1,043 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
The chief similarity and major ethical concern of the three professional associations - The American Counseling Association, The American Association of Pastoral Counselors and the Christian Association for Psychological Studies - is client welfare. The paper shows that differences arise chiefly in emphasis. It shows, for example, the American Counseling Association (ACA) and American Association of Pastoral Counselors (AAPC) focus chiefly on client welfare, while the Christian Association for Psychological Studies (CAPS) sees counseling in part as a religious ministry.
From the Paper
"All three organizations are against self-promotion and aggressive advertising for private clients in an institutional/group setting. Client welfare is also observed when counselors use human subjects in research studies. Counselors must "take reasonable precautions to avoid causing injurious psychological, physical, or social effects to their subjects" (ACA Code, 1999), and they are expected to report, without deception, unfavorable as well as favorable research results. Informed consent is the governing principle of research-related activities in ACA, CAPS and AAPC."
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The Ethical Nature Of Right Behavior, 2006.
An essay looking at how to define the ethical nature of right behavior from a meta-ethic and normative ethics perspective.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This essay examines the philosophical question of what defines right behavior from both the meta-ethic and normative ethics points-of-view, with special attention paid to the ideas of Classical Greek philosophers Aristotle, Plato and Epicurus. Each has a distinct take on what constitutes right or ethical behavior that is interwoven with his concept of goodness.
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Ethical Issues Faced by Motorola, 2002.
This paper discusses the Motorola Corporation case within the ethical frameworks of deontological ethics and virtue ethics.
2,793 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 83.95
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Abstract
The writer gives a brief description of the fundamental tenets of the two ethical perspectives before analyzing the case directly. The paper first looks at the 18th century German philosopher Immanuel Kant, who held that morality is based on deontological theories?specific and foundational principles of obligation. The other philosophy addressed is that of Clement of Alexandria, who taught virtue ethics.
From the Paper
"In Virtue ethics, morality is derived from externally-imposed rules, such as "don?t kill," or "don?t steal." Therefore, individuals are acting correctly only when they conform with rigidly defined rules. By following these rules, they will develop good habits of character ("Ethics"). In this paper, the text "Who is the Rich Man that Shall be Saved," by Clement of Alexandria, will be used to represent the ethical perspective. God?s will and salvation are the external elements that shape the laws of morality in this case. Therefore, people are encourage to developed the "soul?s virtue" in order to claim the "prize" of salvation. Otherwise, they faced the threat of being destroyed by God (Clement of Alexandria 307). Therefore, the ideal rich man in this description is one who uses his possessions wisely by generously extending them to others in need. Therefore, he shows that he is not enslaved to his possessions; instead, he holds the wealth in his soul and is therefore in touch with God?s spirit (Clement of Alexandria 303)."
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Licensed Counselors and Substance Abuse, 2007.
This paper discusses the professionalism required of licensed counselors according to the American Counseling Association Code of Ethics.
3,962 words (approx. 15.8 pages), 14 sources, APA, $ 107.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the professional requirements for substance abuse counselors, their responsibilities and the standards they must uphold. These guidelines are based on the American Counseling Association Code of Ethics, which is presented in the paper. The writer points out that substance abuse counseling is a serious and responsible task, and that the counselor must never attempt to misuse his position and take advantage of the situation in order to seek gains for himself. He must follow the American Counseling Association Code of Ethics with the utmost sincerity and caution.
From the Paper
"Counselors must also make sure that they utilize the profession of counseling, and also practice it in such a manner that dignity and respect for the human race is kept in mind at all times, and is therefore, promoted. It must be noted that the Code of Ethics starts with a small introductory passage, in which the issue of what counselors must do in order to maintain discipline and behavior in their profession is discussed. If further goes on to state that when counselors are faced with certain ethical dilemmas that they may find difficult to resolve at that particular time, then they must perforce engage in a "carefully considered decision making process", so that they may be able to find an appropriate solution to the problem at hand. Since it is a fact that everyone has different opinions about one topic, and that there may as many different opinions as here are counselors, there is no specific decision making model that can be deemed the best or the most effective; counselors, according to the American Counselors Association are therefore expected to familiarize themselves with a credible model of decision making that would be able to stand on its own while under public scrutiny. (ACA Code of Ethics: The ACA Governing Council)"
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