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Ethical Conduct in Journalism, 2006.
A discussion on the ethics, normative and otherwise, involved in the journalism profession.
3,303 words (approx. 13.2 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 94.95
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Abstract
This paper deals with four theoretical ethical frameworks that are discussed as well as an argument involving the best choice of theory, normative ethics or legislature that would allow for the best ethical conduct by journalists. The second part of the paper focuses on the role of codes of conduct for journalists and the influence these codes have on the journalism profession.
Outline
Introduction
Concepts and Considerations
Theory
Ethics
Codes of Conduct
Ethical Theories
Christian Ethics
The Golden Rule
Consequentialism
Utilitarianism
Ethical Realism
Ethical Theories in Journalism
Case Study
Christian Ethics
Consequentialism
Utilitarianism
Ethical Realism
Codes of Conduct
South African Codes of Conduct
Broadcasting Codes
Press Code of Professional Practice
Adherence
Conclusion
Sources Consulted
From the Paper
"The international spread of Christianity can be seen as a revolution in ethics, as it introduced a religious idea of good into Western thought. In the Christian view all people are dependent on God and they cannot achieve true goodness by any other means other then with the help of God's grace (Oosthuizen, 2002). The ultimate example for Christian ethics is Christ. His obedience to the Father's will is seen as the starting point for all ethical development (Pope John Paul II, Veritatis Splendor). Jesus Christ is the absolute, unqualified norm of all ethical actions, meaning that he is the unique archetype of divine love and the response to it."
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John C. Merrill's "Professionalization of Journalism", 2005.
This paper reviews John C. Merrill's "Professionalization of Journalism", which argues the appropriateness of professionalizing the career of journalism.
835 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, although journalism has some characteristics of a profession, it cannot be considered a profession because (1) journalists do not have a direct relationship with their clientele, (2) there are no entrance requirements, (3) journalists do not follow a prescribed code of ethics nor a standard way in which they behave and (4) journalists do not possess one specialized body of knowledge but rather command many disciplines. The author points out that if journalist came from only one shared common knowledge, this would restrict the perspectives, conduct and values of their profession. The paper relates that Merrill believes that, while the professionalization of journalism does deter amateurish practices, it nevertheless creates university journalism programs that squash creativity and inquisitiveness.
From the Paper
"The original definition of profession is one who professes. Since then, it has come to mean an occupation to which one belongs and about which one is knowledgeable. Moreover, one also claims complete domain over the discipline. In other words, a member of a profession declares that because he is educated in that area, he has more authority in such matters than do nonmembers. As such, this specialist has absolute control over the services he provides to others. Professions consist of homogenous groups of individuals. A professional is described as being trustworthy, objective, and inquisitive regarding his profession. Additionally, a professional seeks solidarity with colleagues and protection from the judgment of outsiders. Entrance to a profession is subject to satisfactory completion of prescribed requirements."
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Computer Journalism, 1998.
An analysis of how computer journalism will be benefit society.
2,270 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 9 sources, $ 70.95
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Abstract
The purpose of this report is to show how computer journalism will be more of an asset to journalism and society. It looks at how computer journalism is better than other news sources, will create more jobs, will affect the community, and will affect entertainment such as sports and movies. The discussion is constructed as follows: journalism in the present & the future, computer journalism in the present, newspapers that are already using computer journalism, how databases help stories become more efficient, why CD-ROM is a needed tool, the future, how computer journalism increases opportunity and creates new jobs and reaches the community, effects on entertainment, and advertising.
From the Paper
"Newspapers have always been efficient in delivering the news but have faced set-backs that leave the public unsatisfied. Surveys show that ?only 38 percent of the public rely on the newspaper.., while 72 percent point to television for news? (Dennis 677). Editors realize the need for drastic change and have already adopted new ways to deliver the news more efficiently. For example, databases are now ??recognized as a tool, if not a staple? (Webb 1) for good journalism. CD-ROMS (On-line databases) are also being used frequently by Newspapers; because of the dramatic drop-off in the price for ROMS, from $10,000 to $4,000 in the last decade, the media has been quick to take advantage. These two new resources hope to push back the newspaper on top of the news industry."
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"Committing Journalism", 2002.
Explores the First Amendment through journalism by reviewing "Committing Journalism: The Prison Writings of Red Hog" by Dannie Martin and Peter Sussman.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 1 source, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a book review on "Committing Journalism: The Prison Writings of Red Hog" by authors Dannie Martin and Peter Sussman. This book is remarkable in that it is a collection of essays by Dannie Martin, a prison inmate and Peter Sussman, his editor. In total, fifty essays written on all aspects of the federal prison system are found within this book and cover a wide range of topics from racism to AIDS to the prison societies. "Committing Journalism" also describes the First Amendment problems that occurred when Martin and Sussman attempted to publish these essays in the San Francisco Chronicle.
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Journalism vs. Sensationalism, 2006.
This paper analyzes the decline in newspaper readership as well as the issue of real journalism versus sensationalistic reporting of the news.
2,314 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
The writer of this paper presents a critical analysis on the decline of newspaper readership. This paper details the statistics, the attempts by newspapers to attract readers by turning to sensationalism and the opinions of experts in the field about how to increase readership. The writer also proposes an ethical solution to the problem that avoids sensationalism, yet, still provides the readers with what they want. Newspaper readership has declined. It has a tremendous amount of competition to overcome. Maintaining strong ethics, targeting the young adult and providing more investigative, celebrity and health and fitness news are all ways that readership can be increased and maintained. This paper discusses the issue of ethics in journalism while comparing it to the recent popularity of sensationalistic reporting. This paper also delves into electronic newspapers on the internet and their impact on readership.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Readers' Needs and Wants
Solution
Conclusion
Works Cited
From the Paper
"The ethical question of using sensationalism to attract readers continues to be asked. Are newspapers simply giving readers what they want to keep their attention, or are they stepping over an ethical line in a desperate attempt to maintain their readership? It is a question that is debated nationwide in the industry. A few years ago, rag news such as the National Enquirer and the Star were laughed at by "real" journalists. Today however, "real" journalists find themselves in a position of having to lean more toward celebrity gossip and sensationalized stories to attract readers to their work."
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Journalism, 2004.
An overview of the theories of journalism, through a review of the Hutchinson report.
2,853 words (approx. 11.4 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 84.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Hutchinson report concerning journalism and contends that perhaps the only thing to be learned from the theories about journalism is that they are just that: theories. The paper claims that journalists are seen as terribly influential, or totally ineffective, depending on the position of the observer. It points out that the notion of truth does not enter into either the theories or the practice; in fact, accuracy is the intent of good journalism, apparently, but it is subordinate to choice. The paper assesses that journalism can be explained very simply in the end, without need of a Hutchinson report. The paper defines journalism as any response to any event, filtered through whatever person tells the story, as well as the attitudes of those who receive it.
From the Paper
"However, in explaining why journalism is more than reportage, which is what the foregoing describes, the Hutchinson Commission also recognized that values were important as well. In fact, it went so far as to say that "societal values need to be 'presented' to and 'clarified' for the public (Baker, 1998, Highbeam Web site). As Baker notes, that immediately turns media into educator, and not only that, but as educator of the existing norms of a society. The U.S. media, for one, adopted "codes of performance, which urge the media to respect accepted values and to portray the traditional virtues" (Baker, 1998). Baker also contends that this idea was the precursor, observable already in the 1940s, to the trend that got fully underway in the 1990s of media consolidation and concentration, or as it was called, the "long trend toward media monopolies" (Baker, 1998). "
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Radio Journalism, 2002.
A look at why the radio journalism industry has experienced a slight deterioration in the past 30 years.
1,860 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
The following paper discusses why radio journalism has been adversely affected somewhat by the advent of new technology in the field of communication. The writer also comments on the changing definition of what radio journalism encompasses. This paper endeavours to explore what these factors and trends are that have led to the degeneration of radio journalism, as well as what the future of radio journalism might entail.
From the Paper
?Prior to conducting this undertaking, a brief timeline of events needs to be given in order to understand the degeneration of radio journalism through the gradual descent in popularity of its chief vehicle. In 1873, Maxwell publishes the theory of radio waves, which leads to the broadcast of voice and music in the U.S. in 1906. This development is capitalized on when DeForest starts broadcasting radio music on a regular basis in 1907. In 1909, the first broadcast talk was held and the topic was on women?s right to vote. In 1912, the U.S. government passes a law to regulate radio stations (http://www.ibiblio.org/jpurnalism/jhistory/, 7). In the 1920s, radio starts to compete with print media, such as newspapers and magazines (Emery, Emery & Roberts, 1996, 5). In the 1930s, the golden age of radio begins. However, by 1948, the general population start demanding television (http://www.ibiblio.org/jpurnalism/jhistory/, 8-10), and the golden age of radio ends as it starts to compete with television, and then later other technological inventions in communication and entertainment, for a share in the consumer market.?
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The Commercial Nature of Journalism, 2005.
A look at the extent to which the commercial nature of journalism impacts on the ability of the journalist to serve the public interest.
6,015 words (approx. 24.1 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 142.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at how journalism serves the public interest, including major Marxist and liberalist approaches and theories as well as looking at 'yellow journalism' and the tabloidisation of news media. It also explores competition, the importance of news stories and the financial constraints on news teams as well as the pressures put on a news product by its advertisers and the tendency towards conformity that results from competition.
Outline
Introduction
What Has Journalism Ever Done For Us?
Competition ? Driving Down Quality Since 1968
Following the Leader ? Competition and Conformity
The Shrinking Newsroom
Public Relations ? Puppetry of the Press
Pseudo Events ? Good News For Those Who Can Afford It!
Advertising ? Whose Interest - The Public?s or the Advertiser?s?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"However, there are those that view journalism not to be in the public interest, but rather that of today?s ruling classes; government, big business and the capitalist system in general. Those of this opinion tend to come from the Marxist viewpoint, most notably Chomsky and Herman, who developed the concept of the propaganda model. This states that the media must first pass through 5 conceptual filters before reaching the public, and that these filters are designed to prevent information which is against the interests of the capitalist system reaching the public."
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Internet Journalism, 2004.
A discussion on whether the Internet be held responsible for the falling standards in conventional journalism.
6,734 words (approx. 26.9 pages), 21 sources, MLA, $ 153.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the Internet is the new and the quickest-growing media and looks at the changing face of the online news industry. It discusses how Internet sites do not undergo tough editorial and legal scrutiny, which print journalism are conventionally subjected to, and analyzes if this is potentially damaging to standards of conventional journalism.
From the Paper
"In presenting news in the layout of a newspaper, supplementing it with multimedia features might be the greatest strengths of web-based journalism. Apart from the printed story in the newspaper, the text may be come together with a video or a collection of online photographs presented through a slideshow. The Internet gives more opportunities and discovery of novel ways of presenting news. It is a totally distinct environment involving varied approaches. Anything, which goes on fine in traditional media, might not show the same results in the new media. The Internet provides news and at the same time information also. The medium is also that of storage through archiving."
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Journalism and the United States Intervention of Iraq, 2005.
The role of independent and nationalistic journalism in the United States intervention of Iraq of 2003.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 5 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This is a media analysis of the 2003 war with Iraq. In the paper, the mainstream media journalism of George Packer and the independent news journalism of Howard Zinn are analyzed. By realizing how journalistic bias is provided in the work of Packer, one can understand how American propaganda for the war is disseminated to the American public. The paper examines how, although there is a complete lack of evidence to support American intervention in Iraq, it is clear that the American public is not being told the truth about why they have invaded this country.
From the Paper
"This media study will analyze the various perspectives that journalists use to portray the War in Iraq within the foreign policy issues of the United States. In this manner, various politically influenced journalists reflect differing points of view on this intervention. In the mainstream American media there is a effort to encourage the continued American presence in Iraq. However, there is a counter measure to this form of large-scale nationalist propaganda in the works of Howard Zinn as an independent news source."
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The Art of Journalism, 2002.
This paper discusses whether or not journalism is objective, and the effects it has on our society.
980 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 0 sources, APA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that journalism, and the journalists who work in this field are unable to report a story fairly, without bias. The author uses examples of sensational stories that were reported in the media, and then found to be untrue. This paper also looks at the different types of journalism, including newspapers, television, and the internet in order to support the assertion of bias.
From the Paper
"Objective journalism and fair reporting go hand in hand. They both involve ethics, but I view fair reporting slightly differently from objective journalism. While objective journalism is more concerned with the prevention of a reporter taking a side in the argument of his/her commentary, I think fair reporting addresses the notion that a journalist should not stretch the truth or present false information in a printed or spoken statement. A biased account is tolerable, but there is no excuse for journalists incorporating lies into their work."
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The Evolution of Journalism During the Civil War., 2002.
This paper addresses changes in journalism during the American Civil War. It discusses the growth of the need for immediacy, brought by the telegraph, and the change in prose style introduced by magazines.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper addresses changes in journalism during the American Civil War. It discusses the growth of the need for immediacy, brought by the telegraph, and the change in prose style introduced by magazines. It also addresses the nationalization of news and the idea of objectivity.
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Online Journalism, 2002.
An analysis of the effect of the Internet on online Journalism.
4,900 words (approx. 19.6 pages), 16 sources, $ 178.95
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Abstract
This paper also looks at the progression of online journalism on the Internet with the influx of the newspaper's involvement. As well, the important point of credibility is addressed.
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Yellow Journalism, 2002.
A discussion of yellow journalism and its influence on the world.
1,185 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
Yellow journalism, a term used for the use of negligent and flamboyant newspaper reporting without regard to facts, is examined in this paper. Its history and development, its purpose in the media and its impact on history are discussed.
From the Paper
"Yellow Journalism is a term used for the use of negligent and flamboyant newspaper reporting, without regard to facts. With yellow journalism the truth is usually misrepresented or concealed, more often than not, there may be no truth to the story at all. In its infancy, the term yellow journalism was used to describe the writing tactics used by William Hearst?s New York Journal and Joseph Pulitzer?s New York World. These men used yellow journalism to exaggerate and misguide the American public on happenings in Cuba; such reporting may have even sparked the Spanish-American war. Yellow journalism is by no means a memory in America?s distant past; even the most conservative newspapers still practice it in a refined form today. Tabloids such as the Star and the Inquirer are notorious for sensationalizing and even falsifying headlines. Additionally, every once in a while straight edged newspapers papers such as the Wall Street Journal may get into the act as well. In 1996, ABC News was singled out for reporting that Israel's Benjamin Netanyahu had called then Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin a traitor, further investigation revealed that the accusation was false."
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Journalism Objectivity, 2005.
A discussion on integrity and objectivity in journalism.
1,380 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses integrity and objectivity in journalism, using an example from each of three newspapers: The New York Times, The Washington Post and USA Today to make its point. The coverage of each of these papers is examined and compared for integrity and objectivity.
From the Paper
"Journalism can shape a nation. Many people vote based on what the media conveys to them about candidates, they decide crucial ethical issues from information they read about in newspapers and live their lives according to what ..."
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