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Equal Rights Amendment, 2004.
A look at the impact of the Equal Rights Amendment on women's rights.
942 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the Equal Rights Amendment, which was first introduced to Congress in 1923, still eludes women, despite the simple words that comprise the entirety of the proposed amendment. It looks at how, throughout history, a quagmire of social, political, and economic forces have prevented ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment and how we now appear to be closer than ever before to providing full constitutional protection for women.
From the Paper
"Abortion rights are still hotly contested, but retribution against equal rights for women appears to be diminishing. In United States v. Virginia in 1996, the Supreme Court held that the all-male admission policy of the Virginia Military Institute violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the Federal Constitution. If the Equal Rights Amendment was to come back up for a vote this year, it would certainly stand the best chance of passing in U.S. history and would likely be adopted by a more progressive society than has existed in the past. And, after all, only three more states are needed to ratify the Equal Rights Amendment."
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The Equal Rights Amendment, 2005.
This paper explains women's right to vote and sexual discrimination as a basis of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA).
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 3 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) whose components are sexual discrimination and women's right to vote, which provide an equality of the sexes in American society. The paper explains that although the amendment has not yet passed through Congress, the objective of Paul's vision was to create a law that would identify women with men on an equal legal basis. The paper continues that by giving greater freedoms to women to enact their rights as voters, women should then have the rights as men, to be viewed through the same apparatus that should protect both sexes in a court of law.
From the Paper
"This legal study will analyze the two components of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) that forged the women's right to vote, as well as the banning of sexual discrimination in American society and law. By understanding the text of the ERA, one can realize these two important components of this proposed legal action for the equality of the sexes. The first section of the Equal Rights Amendment is a component, which has been based on the issues of women's right to vote, as applied in the 19th amendment: "Equality of Rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any state on account of sex." (Paul para.1)"
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The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), 2004.
Examines American feminism in the 1960s and the bid to include the ERA in the Constitution.
3,677 words (approx. 14.7 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 102.95
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Abstract
The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), first proposed in 1923, is still not part of the U.S. Constitution. The ERA has been ratified by 35 of the necessary 38 states. When three more states vote 'yes', the ERA might become the 28th Amendment. This paper discusses the history of this document, focusing on the role of feminists in the 1960s in advancing the ERA.
From the Paper
"The ERA has been a topic of great controversy since its proposal in 1921, but the reasons have changed over time (Freeman, 1988). The document was written by Alice Paul, founder of the National Woman's Party (NWP), which served as the militant wing of the Suffrage Movement. After suffrage, Paul and her supporters decided that the next step was to remove all legal discrimination against women. They believed that this called for another federal amendment. The ERA aimed to diminish state laws that restricted women's jury service, their rights to control their own property, contract, sue, and keep their own name and domicile if married; gave them inferior guardianship rights over children; and stigmatized them as lesser citizens."
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The Crime Victims? Rights Amendment, 2005.
Examines the controversy surrounding the proposal for a victim's bill of rights.
1,063 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
For something so seemingly innocuous, the idea of a bill of rights for crime victims has raised an amazing amount of controversy. The paper shows that those against the Crime Victims' Rights Amendment believe that it is the first step towards eroding the constitutional protections guaranteed to those accused of a crime in the United States. The paper argues that such a belief displays a basic misunderstanding of both the U.S. Constitution and the proposed Crime Victims' Rights Amendment. The Crime Victims' Rights Amendment is aimed at offering protections towards those victims whose offenders have been convicted. The paper argues that this idea is not contrary to the United States Constitution, which offers little protection for convicted criminals beyond the right to be free from cruel and unusual punishment.
From the Paper
"The first proposed victims' right is that victims should be notified if an accused is no longer in custody, whether by escape or release. Looking at the guarantees contained in U.S. Constitutional Amendments Four through Six, it is clear that nothing in those amendments prohibits a crime victim from receiving such notice. The notice is not a search or seizure, nor does it require an accused to serve as a witness against himself. Furthermore, the notice would occur outside of a trial setting, which means that it would not affect any of the rights aimed at guaranteeing an accused criminal a fair and speedy trial."
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First Amendment Rights of Inmates, 2001.
This paper examines the rights of inmates according to the First Amendment.
1,570 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper is a research paper discussing inmates' freedoms in various states and if they are granted or not allowed. It discusses several cases and rulings of the Supreme Court such as: Procunier vs. Martinez , Shaw vs. Murphy, etc. and more. It discusses the various rights of an inmate and how they have been damaged such as visitation rights and religious rights.
From the Paper
"Driving in Huntsville, Texas, razor wire fences, guard towers, an occasional band of men or women clad in white jumpsuits working along the roadside, and guards posted at security checkpoints create the scenery. These are the trademarks of the maximum-security prison units that house some of the state's most dangerous, hardened, and intimidating male and female criminals. Having lived 18 years of my life in Huntsville, I am well conditioned to all aspects of life surrounding the prison system. I have little sympathy left for these men and women "serving their time." Their lack of air-conditioned buildings, fast food, and private restrooms does not bother me. m fact, I find it insulting that they are released from work duty when temperatures rise above 95 degrees. After all, few upstanding members of society are afforded that same luxury. I, however, realize my view is very one-sided, and when the topic of the first amendment rights of inmates was presented, I could not help but examine the decisions in recent history of the courts on this topic."
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First Amendment Rights, 2004.
An analysis of the First Amendment rights of students and educational institutions.
3,785 words (approx. 15.1 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 104.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the fact that, throughout the 20th century in the United States, the struggle to balance the First Amendment rights of students with the educational institutions' need to maintain a safe and orderly environment has been a constant source of difficulty. The paper describes several cases heard by the circuit courts, appellate courts, and even the United States Supreme Court in which students, fearing the revocation of their rights, have challenged the educational institutions. In contrast, the institutions have sought, through the judicial system, an affirmation of their rights as educators to maintain control and balance, particularly in light of growing violence within the school systems. The paper contends that, while the courts have certainly clarified many of the laws regarding student's rights, the struggle to balance the issues remains constant.
From the Paper
"In dealing with so many protected freedoms, set forth in such a broad manner, there are bound to be difficulties with interpretation and enforcement. As early as 1943, in West Virginia Sate Board of Education v. Barnette (1943), the issue of First Amendment rights violations was brought to a national level. In the Barnette case, a group of Jehovah's Witnesses sued in the United States District Court on behalf of their children, and other children in West Virginia. A previous court decision had inspired the Board of Education of West Virginia to order that saluting the flag become a "regular part of the program of activities in...public schools" and that all students were required to participate. Refusal to salute would result in expulsion of the student. However, due to their religious beliefs that the flag was a "graven image", and that saluting the flag would be in violation of God's commands, the Jehovah's Witness members sought to avoid the forced expulsion upon their refusal to salute. The Supreme Court found in favor of the students, noting that the First Amendment protected the student's rights to dissent."
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Student Web Sites and First Amendment Rights, 2003.
A look at students rights when it comes to their own private Internet sites.
1,533 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the Internet has opened innumerable doors for communication and educational enterprise and has also opened a much darker paradigm, giving students a new, often negative, avenue of expression. It cites examples of student violations and various court cases and examines how courts have begun to formulate limits to freedom of expression for students.
From the Paper
"Expression in schools and students First Amendment rights have been debated in courts throughout the past 35 years with the most famous case involved being Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (Tinker 1969). The Tinker case involved the legal limits on students? speech that came into discussion when a group of students decided to wear black armbands to show objection for the Vietnam War. These students were asked to remove the armbands and when some did not they were suspended. The students sued and the United States Supreme Court concluded the expression was protected."
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Equal Rights, Equal Obligations, Equal Opportunities, 2000.
This essay discusses women in the military and the law.
1,425 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 1 source, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the legal basis of the situation of women in the military, and relevant court cases such as Hoyt v. Florida, Taylor v. Louisiana, US vs. St. Clair, Rostker v. Goldberg, Craig v. Boren, and Schlesinger vs. Ballard. Discusses myths and truths regarding women and military service. Argues for equal rights, equal obligations, and equal opportunities within military and civilian spheres.
From the paper:
"Men and women are treated unequally in regards to military service. Men are required to register for the Selective Service when they turn 18, while women are exempt. While women are allowed to perform most jobs in the military, they are still restricted from some combat roles. This gender inequality stems from antiquated notions of female weakness and domesticity, which have no legal validity in our society today. Furthermore, limiting women?s roles in the military violates women?s rights to be full and equal citizens of the United States, with all the privileges, obligations, and duties that carries with it."
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How Equal is Equal Employment Opportunity?, 2002.
A paper which looks at women over the age of 50 in the workforce.
1,505 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper addresses inequalities in the workplace, specifically as they affect women and persons over age fifty. The paper discusses how the Equal Opportunity Employment Act should be applied and enforced by employers, as well as methods in which human resources professionals should structure their EEO Policy in accordance with the law.
From the Paper
"America, one of the wealthiest and most powerful countries in the world, foremost in the fight for freedom, justice and equal rights of all people, still has not achieved equal opportunities for certain groups of people on our own home land. Workplace discrimination has prevented certain groups of people from attaining jobs, which they were otherwise qualified for, but were denied on the basis of race, gender, age, ethnicity, religion or disability. Age discrimination is one of the least discussed topics of discrimination; however, it still remains a widely practiced phenomenon."
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Equal Pay for Equal Work, 2004.
This paper discusses that, regardless of everything that has been achieved by women in the workplace, parity in remuneration between the genders is still to be attained.
2,705 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 81.95
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Abstract
This paper explains the disparity in remuneration among the sexes and indicates that women, who are engaged full-time work, receive roughly 80% of men?s hourly remuneration. The author stresses that it has been made legally mandatory in the U.S. to apply uniform remuneration for uniform employment to speed up the progression of bringing in parity. The paper points out that a significant factor in the pay disparity is the fact that women are more often engaged in part-time work, which pays less proportionally than the full-time equivalent.
From the Paper
"The major noticeable effects on the remuneration of females are the choice to bear children. Eighty percent of women attain motherhood at certain stages in their life, and twenty five percent of women are engaged in part-time assignments; therefore an increased percentage of women?s life during the earning years is used outside their work. Women, who are the main nurturers for their offspring, are aware of the duties of being a mother while deciding about nature of jobs, and several women prefer occupations where there is more freedom and remunerations are comparatively less. Taking into account those alternatives, weighing the relative salaries of men and women is a misapplication of figures and a vilely deceptive assessment."
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Rap Music and the First Amendment, 2002.
An argument for the rights of rappers to express themselves freely and to have their rights upheld under First Amendment.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper will discuss the elements of censorship within the field of rap music and the rights of the First Amendment that gives all freedom of speech. The movement has been under attack for its 'offensive language' and makes a challenge in understanding what should be allowed as a public moral or censored by the public and its lawmakers. This paper will argue for the rights of rappers to have their rights upheld in the Constitution. If this government was set up to send a message of free speech, it should stand beside that philosophy.
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Bill of Rights, 2005.
An overview of the U.S. Bill of Rights and a summary of some of the amendments.
1,456 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
The Bill of Rights was ratified into the United States Constitution in 1791. The Bill consists of 10 amendments and was created to define the liberties of the people of the United States that the government could not infringe upon. This paper provides a brief history of the Bill of Rights before delving into several of the amendments incorporated into the Bill, including the First, Sixth and Eighth Amendments.
From the Paper
"The Eighth Amendment prevents the government from imposing excessive bail or fines and says cruel or unusual punishments shall not be inflicted (Lowi & Ginsburg, 2000). In this case, we can see that it takes the power of the government to punish criminals but, at the same time, it adds restrictions to that power. All of these examples show that the Bill of Rights expresses civil liberties; liberties that are for the people, and states that the government cannot take action that would go against or infringe upon on these rights."
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Women's Rights, 2008.
A discussion on women's rights in the 20th century.
2,405 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
This paper addresses the history of women's rights over the past century in the United States. The paper holds that the road toward equality for women has been extensive and complex. It includes a discussion on their right to vote in 1920 with the Nineteenth Amendment and the passing of the Equal Rights Amendment in 1972, which made it illegal to discriminate anyone on account of sex. The paper points out that, today, women are active members of the military, belong to congress, play all sports and are successful in careers that were once only available to men. The paper concludes that the Equal Rights Amendment has been an important stepping stone towards equality for women.
From the Paper
"When women first were allowed to enter the United States military their roles were restricted to what at the time was considered to be a female occupation. "The government actively recruited women for the military service non-combative service only" (Ching & Ching, 2001). Before the acceptance of women in the military women created groups like WAVES (Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service) or WASP (Women's Auxiliary Service Pilots). These groups would assist in duties which sometimes were as dangerous as their counterparts however they did not receive the any military benefits, such as pension or insurance (Ching & Ching, 2001). The attitude towards women in the military did not change much an in the 70's the discriminations only amplified. In fact, well known Naval and Air Force Academies refused to allow women to enter using as an excused that it was not necessary since women were only able to perform non-combative service in the United States military (Ching & Ching, 2001)."
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The Civil Rights Movement, 2006.
An overview of the struggle for equal civil rights in the U.S.A.
2,961 words (approx. 11.8 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 87.95
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Abstract
Whole books have been written on the subject of the civil rights struggle of African-Americans in the United States, a struggle that undoubtedly began when the first African slaves were brought to North America against their will. The paper shows, however, that in recent history, the period of time in the 1950's and 1960's were pivotal because of the significant gains made. This period of change was driven by changes in government policy as reflected by both civil rights laws passed and amendments made to the American Constitution.
From the Paper
"In spite of multiple amendments to the Constitution as well as culturally accepted statements regarding the rights of all people to dignity and equality, by the mid 1950's African Americans were still openly and systematically oppressed in much of the United States. These attitudes toward people of culture had become embedded in social culture and embraced by people who believed themselves to be law-abiding Americans and patriots. However, little by little, social consciousness began to shift. The Supreme Court played an important role in forcing acceptance of change."
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Woman's Rights Movements, 2005.
This paper discusses woman's rights movements in the United States.
3,145 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 91.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, over the last 150 years ago, the past seven generations in the United States have witnessed an extraordinary movement by women to attain full civil rights resulting in dramatic social and legal accomplishments. The author details the history of the women suffrage movement leading up to the passage of the female enfranchisement amendment of the United States Constitution. The paper continues to tell about post-suffrage movements such as Margaret Sanger and the Birth Control Movement and the second wave of activism in the 1960s, which led to the Equal Rights Amendment passage in 1972.
From the Paper
"Unlike the NWSA, the American Woman Suffrage Association (AWSA) consisted of both women and men. Lucy Stone with the aid of her husband Henry Blackwell, Mary Livermore, Julia Ward Howe, Henry Ward Beecher, and others led it. AWSA endorsed the Fifteenth Amendment while still working for woman suffrage. While the AWSA supported the federal amendment for female enfranchisement, it focused more on developing grass roots support for woman suffrage by forming state level organizations and working through its publication, the "Woman's Journal". They tried to make woman suffrage and other feminist reforms seem less radical and consistent with widely shared American values."
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