| Papers [1-15] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 7] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 —> | Search results on "ENGLISH STRUCTURE RUSSIAN TRANSLATION": |
|
|
English Structure vs. Russian Translation, 2005.
A report on the structure of the English and Russian languages as they pertain to the unique skill of translation.
3,107 words (approx. 12.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 90.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This report focuses on differences between the Russian and English languages in terms of word and object meanings, direct translations, sayings, rules in grammar and other critical lexical rules such slang and idiom use.
Introduction
History of Russian in America
Lexicography
Semasiology
Russian Structure
Translation by Dictionary
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The actions of Post World War II Soviet Union and World War II itself were major reasons for Russian becoming a common course in American colleges. Prior to 1940, there were less than twenty universities in America offering Russian language programs and less than fifty percent of those had a true Russian/Slavic department. Other tell-tale signs of the popularity of Russian in American schools can be demonstrated by the fact that there were only three Russian doctoral programs at the time of post World War II Europe. However, relations with the Soviet Union grew as a result of the war which also had the dramatic affect of increasing an interest in the Russian language. The war therefore increased the number of universities in the United States offering Russian to over one hundred ninety in the 1950's."
| |
|
Russian Formalism and Translation Studies Scholars, 2004.
Examines and compares two translation methodologies, Russian Formalism and the Translation Studies Scholars.
1,091 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 38.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper provides a contrast study of these two translation theories and focuses on their fundamental theoretical assumptions in regard to translations. The contrast also includes a critical analysis of the translation theories. This paper shows that both the Russian Formalist Movement and the Translation Studies Scholars concurred that an ideal translation was supposed to be accurate and consistent as to the receptor language.
From the Paper
"These formalists attempted to isolate and define what they called literariness. They focused upon the things they saw as literary facts. They simply separated literary artifacts from other disciplines like psychology, sociology and cultural history. They literally treated books as being human and in a sense having a life of its own and from that aimed to distinguish what was different. In a new text for example, they worked to see the things that made the text new, creative or innovative."
| |
|
Machine Translation and the Future, 2002.
An in-depth study into the use of computers for the purpose of translation and how this could affect the translating profession.
7,258 words (approx. 29.0 pages), 28 sources, MLA, $ 161.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper begins by explaining that as the world moves toward a global economy, machine translation is the growing wave of the future; with these machines translating passages into another language almost instantaneously. The paper addresses the fears of the translation profession, that it will become obsolete in the near future. However, this paper argues that though machine translators will undoubtedly prove to be a useful tool and time-saving device, they will still need human intervention in order to maintain the quality of translation needed in businesses today.
Introduction
Rationale
Thesis
Literature Review
Machine translation: History and Current Issues
Future Research Trends and Projects
Discussion and Conclusions
Works Cited
From the Paper
"Since the earliest beginnings of human civilization, one of the key problems facing human beings has been how to communicate. We are a small planet of millions of people, all speaking hundreds of different languages. In the age of technology, it is not surprising that someone would conceive of the idea that a machine could fulfill this basic need for us. Science fiction writers introduced the idea years ago, with multi-language translators on Star Trek. These were amazing devices, they could translate hundreds of intergalactic languages from one to another with ease. This may sound like the far-fetched dreams of a mad person, but this idea is not as far away as one might think."
| |
|
Ezra Pound: Translation, Theory and Language, 2005.
An investigation into translation theories with a focus on Ezra Pound's translation of Chinese poetry.
4,022 words (approx. 16.1 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 108.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
Everybody has problems in translation. This paper attempts to clarify concepts and theories in translation theory - from Walter Benjamin to Ezra Pound - and focuses on Ezra Pound's translation of Chinese poetry and how Pound became a successful translator in modern poetry. It looks at how Pound's attention to detail and foreignizing technique made him a very vivid and innovative translator of the 20th century. The paper discusses some of Pound's translation strategies as well as explaining them by giving specific examples from his best known work "Cathay".
From the Paper
"First of all, it is worthwhile to define 'translation'. In dictionary, to translate has several meanings. To translate is "to express or be capable of being expressed in another language or dialect", or "to express or explain in simple or less technical language", or "to interpret or infer the significance of (gestures, symbols, etc.)", or "to transform or convert", or "to move or carry from one place or position to another". Within the limits of these definitions, one can easily understand that the practice of translation is not simple as it seems. Rather, it is a sophisticated matter since it involves number of things, when translating something to something else-this can be a word, a gesture, a movement, or something else. Interestingly, translation can be seen as an "interpretation"; generally, the word interpretation is used in literary circles for an attempt to clarify and explain literary works. "
| |
|
Restoration Vs. Translation of "Beowulf", 2002.
Compares and contrasts the translation of an epic Anglo-Saxon document, "Beowulf" with the digital restoration being done on the epic.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 35.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The review explores the work of Seamus Heaney (1999) in translating the epic Anglo-Saxon document, "Beowulf." This translation is compared to the digital restoration work being done with the original documents found in the British Library. Both Heaney and the Beowulf restoration group (at the University of Kentucky) are working with identical documents; however, Heamus has translated the text into a more accessible story, and restoration experts such as Keirnan (1984) have worked to preserve the original document for study. This paper evaluates whether Beowulf is a "story" or an artifact of Anglo-Saxon history, and the significance of the difference between translation and restoration.
| |
|
Gender Issues in Translation, 2005.
A theoretical and practical discussion on how gender issues may influence translation practice.
2,896 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 85.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
Gender in translation has become an obvious issue in post-feminist era. This paper attempts to explore how gender issues may influence translation practice, by providing a theoretical discussion and practical examples.
From the Paper
"It is difficult to discuss the concept of 'non-sexist' language in languages that have masculine and feminine grammatical gender. It is important to distinguish between languages that show grammatical and pronominal gender such as French and German, and languages that show only pronominal gender such as English. The difficulties take place when translating from the language that shows grammatical gender to the language that shows pronominal gender. In Romance languages the 'sun' is feminine and the 'moon' is masculine, In Indo-European languages, the 'sun' is masculine and the 'moon' feminine. In Polish, 'sun' is neuter and 'moon' is masculine. In German, it is only when a woman gets married that she becomes feminine i.e. 'die frau'. Before that, she is simply neutral 'das Fraulein'."
| |
|
Admission Essay: Scientific Medical Translation.
This paper is an admission essay to an advanced program for scientific and medical translation.
1,185 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 0 sources, $ 40.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The paper explains that the author?s university degree thesis focused on technical and scientific matters and utilized a wide vocabulary from the medical and biological disciplines, which enabled the applicant to gain a strong grounding and preparation for technical vocabulary and an understanding medical and scientific matters. The author points out that her work for a company translating agricultural, scientific, and medical texts highlighted the delicate balance between subjectivity and objectivity in the art of translating another?s words and thoughts into another language and cultural system of ideas. The paper stresses that medical and scientific words often have a different meaning in the technical lexicon of the profession or a discipline than they do in more colloquial usage; therefore, the most gratifying aspect of her work was having a part in making the often difficult and frightening world of medicine and the sciences comprehensible.
From the Paper
"I obtained my university degree this summer, in July of 2004. I received a degree in translation and interpreting, the ?Mediazione Linguistica? (Final Mark 105/110) from la Scuola Superiore per Mediatori Linguistici Gregorio VII, Rome. Previously, in July 2000 I received my Diploma di Liceo Linguistico (95/100), Liceo Linguistico N.S. della Mercede in Rome as well. Thus, my education has revolved around this diverse and exciting European city, filled with the languages of many foreign-speaking individuals, tourists and professionals."
| |
|
In Vitro Translation, 2007.
This paper explores the procedure of in-vitro translation.
1,189 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 40.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The paper explains that procedures such as in-vitro translation are based upon the recognition that cells are protein-production facilities. Consequently, when medical researchers consider it necessary to make a particular protein, they can rely upon cells to produce that protein for them. The paper discusses the strengths and weaknesses of this method. The paper then discusses how molecular biologists consider in vitro synthesis of proteins in cell-free extracts to be an important method, for it offers a variety of applications.
From the Paper
"Procedures such as in-vitro translation are based upon the recognition that cells are protein-production facilities. Consequently, when medical researchers consider it necessary to make a particular protein, they can rely upon cells to produce that protein for them. Unfortunately, a number of problems have been experienced because living cells are not very good sources of exogenous proteins, for some proteins are degraded and some are toxic, while other proteins are clumped into inclusion bodies comprised of insoluble aggregates."
| |
|
"Lost in Translation", 2004.
A review of the film, "Lost in Translation".
1,074 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 37.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to introduce, discuss, and analyze the film, "Lost in Translation," written and directed by Sophia Coppola. Specifically, it reviews the film and examines how it relates to life and culture today.
From the Paper
"From the very opening scene of the film, it is quite clear that both the main characters in this film are facing major cultural differences, and they are "lost" in another world, with no one to connect to. As Bob drives in the old-fashioned limousine to his hotel, the garish neon and Japanese language cues on the signs clearly indicate he is far from home. Charlotte's perch on the ledge of the window in the hotel room indicates the same thing, that she is alienated from everything around her, and is feeling culturally isolated. No words need to be spoken to show that these two people are lost, and so, would seek each other out if they knew they could."
| |
|
English Teaching Methodolodgy - ESL (English Second Language), 2002.
This paper explores some of the fundemental principles of teaching English as a second language.
830 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 29.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper serves as a guide for teaching students English as a second language. It is divided into three parts. The first part deals with the first three weeks of educating a group that has never before learned English. The paper explains the characteristics of the material intended to be taught. It also clarifies what one should do if the students made mistakes and deals with ways of encouraging students to talk. The second part of the paper explores the required environment for second language acquisition and the thirds part discusses factors that are beneficial for second language learning efforts.
From the Paper
"First impressions are important in establishing a good relationship between teachers and students. Foreign students often come to the classroom with many fears. (Cary, 2000) Therefore, it is very important that the teacher establish a friendly, enthusiastic atmosphere free of any negative vibes. (Samway, 1999) Even though the students are afraid, this can be eased by a friendly smile and pleasant small talk. This is especially important before giving any sort of assessment test, which should be given during the first class of the term as part of class orientation."
| |
|
Critique of Article on Volume Translation Technique, 2004.
Summary, explanation, and critique of an article entitled, "Volume-Translated Equations of State: Empirical Approach and Physical Relevance."
850 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 0 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper begins with a description of an article about volume translation technique and how it is widely used in in the field of chemical engineering. The paper explains the intent of the authors of the article, their findings, and the conclusion of the article. The paper then critiques the article and points out both its positive and negative aspects.
From the Paper
"The authors of the article are interested in studying various ways of developing equations of state, and they demonstrate that both theoretical and empirical approaches to equations of state can show them nonphysical behavior. They consider this information significant, but are also quick to point out that there is more to their research than just this bit of information. They are also interested in a clear and comprehensive understanding of the reasons for this. They believe that finding these reasons will help them and others to develop reliable equations, and that these equations can be based on both theoretical and empirical methods. Being able to do this would go a long way toward helping researchers who are working with information involving the development of equations of state."
| |
|
Translation Use in ESL Learning, 2001.
Examines theoretical & empirical studies on ESL strategy of translating instructional material into students' native language.
3,600 words (approx. 14.4 pages), 11 sources, $ 127.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
From the Paper
" Introduction
The U.S. Department of Education (2000), in a report on ESL/EFL learning, noted that the need for educational services for Limited English Proficiency (LEP) students has grown tremendously in the past 10 years. In this regard, census figures for 1990 were said to show that parents characterized almost one million children between the ages of five and seven as speaking English "not well" or "not at all," representing an increase of about 25 percent over the 1980 figures. More current estimates place this figure at about 2.3 million LEP students in grades K 12.
About three-fourths of these LEP students speak Spanish; the nine other largest groups, in descending order of size.."
| |
|
Lost in Translation, 2005.
A review of movies based on Eastern cultures, compared with the reality of real Eastern culture.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 8 sources, $ 89.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The popularity of "Kung Fu" films has achieved critical mass in Western popular culture with the box office success of such films as 'Crouching Tiger Hidden Dragon' in the late 1990s and early 2000s. While these films represent interesting cinematic achievements, from a social science perspective they are particularly fascinating as examples of sites of conflict convergence between Eastern and Western cultures.
From the Paper
"The popularity of "Kung Fu" films has achieved critical mass in Western popular culture with the box office success of such films as Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon in the late 1990s and early 2000s. While these films represent interesting cinematic achievements, from a social science perspective they are particularly fascinating as examples of sites of conflict/convergence between Eastern and Western cultures. Consider, for example, the fact that while Ang Lee's Crouching Tiger was seen as a critical and box office triumph of Asian film in the West, it was widely criticized in both China and East Asia in general as a film that pandered to Western cultural values (Chan, 57)."
| |
|
Who and Which in Bulgarian and English, 2006.
Examines problems of number and gender transfer when translating "who" and "which" from Bulgarian into English.
4,983 words (approx. 19.9 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 126.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
There are a number of problems that a translator might come upon when translating wh- words from Bulgarian into English. This paper looks at "who" and "which" in particular. Why is there a problem? In English, "who" and "which" do not take grammatical markers for gender and number, while in Bulgarian they do . In English and Bulgarian, gender is grammaticalized differently. This particularity is sometimes considered a problem for certain translations from Bulgarian, and more specifically, when gender seems of importance to the Bulgarian text. This paper deals with the notions of grammatical and semantic gender only because the former exists in Bulgarian and the latter is used in English. This paper begins with some preliminary remarks, exposing the differences between Bulgarian and English when it comes to number and gender markings. Some translation examples are discussed in more detail in the section entitled "Examples". It must be pointed out that the paper investigates only one side of the problem, where Bulgarian is the source language and English is the target language. Back translation is not discussed here. The main focus is on how gender itself is produced and translated. Following paragraphs clarify what gender is in both languages and what problems translators might encounter if they choose to transfer a gendered reference from Bulgarian into English.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Preliminary Remarks on Gender and Number in English and Bulgarian
Who and Which in English
Who and Which in Bulgarian
Examples
Conclusions
Bibliography
From the Paper
"In the extra-linguistic world, gender is a physiological phenomenon connected with the structure of some living beings. There are objects with no sex (inanimate) and others with sex (animate). The category of sex has two exponents (male and female). These facts can be reflected in language since gender markings in a given language are, on the first place, categories established through our contact with the natural differences between the sexes and between what we have called "the animate" and "the inanimate". Thus, the linguistic exponent of sex has the following grammatical and/or lexical correspondences in English:
1 M / he male (animate) boy, father, John, etc.
2 F / she female (animate) girl, mother, Mary, etc.
3 N / it O gender (inanimate/undetermined) cat, stone, table, baby (if sex unknown)"
| |
|
Matthew Arnold: Late Victorian English Poet and Critic, 2002.
This paper discuses Matthew Arnold's critical analysis of English culture and the English nation during late the Victorian period.
1,205 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The author states the late Victorian period in England was a unique time in that country?s literary history. Both literature and the political culture supported one another by different notions of England?s future. Matthew Arnold addressed directly issues of the purpose of English culture and the English nation.
From the Paper
"Matthew Arnold was a conservative writer in the sense that he was not egalitarian. He feared an intrusion of ?vulgarity? into the culture and of ?Philistine populism.? (Wilson xvii; xvii) But his ideas were more complex than that. Arnold did believe that the essential thrust of English development should not be so much to expand its physical boundaries, but to create a culture of, as he termed it, ?Sweetness and Light.? "
|
|
|
