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English Renaissance Tragedy ? "The Duchess of Malfi" by John Webster., 2001.
An in-depth analysis of this English Renaissance tragedy, the various factors involved which lead to the tragic ending and the struggle between good and evil.
2,800 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 2 sources, $ 83.95
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Abstract
In this paper the author examines the theme of tragedy that runs through this play. In so doing he looks at the primary relationships in the play - the relationship between the Cardinal, the Duchess and Ferdinand and the relationship between the Duchess and Antonio which he suggests is central to the play. He also suggests that the character of Bosola is an additional factor in the events that lead to the tragic end. The author examines each of these factors in turn, looking at the characters involved, their characteristics and the meaning of each factor and concludes by showing, not only how all these events led to the tragic ending, but also what meaning this has for the reader.
From the paper:
?The central tragedy of the play is that of the Duchess. She is represented as a fine woman in terrible circumstances. Her tragic flaw is her need to follow her heart. She defies the reality of the situation and makes the decision to marry Antonio and ultimately suffers for this choice. The tragedy of the situation is that she does nothing wrong. Her relationship with Antonio is pure. Even with the tragedy that results, she accepts this as a consequence of loving Antonio and accepts her fate.?
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"The Duchess of Malfi", 2002.
This paper examines John Webster's "The Duchess of Malfi".
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the issues of gender and sexual politics in English playwright John Webster's macabre Elizabethan era tragedy, "The Duchess of Malfi".
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"The Duchess of Malfi", 2006.
Examines John Webster's "The Duchess of Malfi" considering his representation of 'rebellious, outspoken or desiring' women.
776 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 0 sources, MLA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
Concentrating specifically on the Duchess herself in "The Duchess of Malfi", this paper explores both her social and political transgressions that ultimately cause her tragic death. The author of the paper challenges Bartel's assertion that there is 'no escape for those subjects who show remarkable autonomy before they go', by concentrating specifically on the events surrounding the death of the Duchess. The author further attempts to demonstrate how the Duchess' 'remarkable autonomy' continues, even at the time of her death, leaving her the most powerful figure in the play.
From the Paper
"The Duchess of Malfi has been compared to the real lives of Arbella Stuart, and Catherine of Valois. All were noble women in socially isolated environments, each was at the mercy of more powerful male relative(s), and all three wanted to remarry but were forbidden to do so, yet each insisted on marrying anyway. Further to this, each married not only the man of her choice, but also someone beneath her on the social scale, resulting in each being persecuted."
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"Macbeth" and "The Duchess of Malfi", 2002.
A discussion of the architectural similarities between Shakespeare's "Macbeth" and Webster's "The Duchess of Malfi".
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 1 source, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper examines parallels between Shakespeare's "Macbeth" and Webster's "The Duchess of Malfi" with respect to the architectural elements within each play which become symbolic of the deception and secretive schemes.
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Deception in John Webster's "Duchess of Malfi", 2002.
The paper looks at the play "Duchess of Malfi" by John Webster, suggesting that through the characters we learn that one's only chance for survival in a hostile world is through the deception of others.
843 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
The writer analyzes the drama, in particular the title character of the duchess. According to the paper, the duchess learns only at her death that the perils of life cannot be masked by deceit. The writer notes that Webster has the ability to create characters evocative of pathos in a way that is similar to Shakespeare.
From the Paper
"Following the Duchess's self-deception that an ideal existence for her and her lover is possible is the aforementioned deception of her brothers, the act which leads to her downfall at their merciless hands. In addition to her marriage to Antonio, she must conceal the births of her children from Ferdinand and the Cardinal (She must go so far as to accuse her husband of being a thief!), all the while refusing to acknowledge the danger involved in her actions (Mahaney 167). In response to Antonio's asking "But for your brothers?" (Abrams 1254), the Duchess says, "Do not think of them./All discord without this circumference/Is only to be pitied, and not feared;/Yet, should they know it, time will easily/Scatter the tempest" (1254). Such a reply gives evidence both to her lack of perception of her brothers' intentions, as well as to her lack of introspection in recognizing her own impossible ideals. Only when she is confronted by Bosola, who harshly denies all she believes herself to be (Whitman 154), does the Duchess realize her fallacies of life. She asks Bosola, "Dost know me? Who am I?" (Abrams 1294)."
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John Webster?s ?The Duchess of Malfi? and ?The White Devil?, 2002.
This paper is a critical analysis of Webster?s ?The Duchess of Malfi? and ?The White Devil?, focusing on the theme: ?Sense of an elite woman?s place in the world?.
1,875 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper first presents in detail Webster?s view on morality and social relevance in the two plays especially in his use of imagery and characterization. The author then compares the strong central female characters in both plays. The paper argues that the plays force the re-evaluation of traditional social conventions, almost presenting a case for allowing women more freedom in deciding their own futures.
From the Paper
"Perhaps the most powerful argument in favor of the presence of a social and moral comment in The Duchess of Malfi and The White Devil is to disprove the view that Webster was nothing more than a tawdry showman who resorted to grisly horror to entertain and amuse his audience. One cannot deny that both The Duchess of Malfi and The White Devil cause a great deal of emotional discomfort in their unabashed use of bloody murders, including the killing of innocent children in The Duchess of Malfi. But a counterpoint to this argument could well be that the very effectiveness of Webster?s plays lies in his use of baser human instincts to illustrate on the one hand, human resilience and fortitude even in the face of the greatest of horrors, and on the other the dire consequences of giving into negative emotions such as greed, lust and the desire for revenge and power."
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Webster's "The Duchess of Malfi", 2001.
A look at the characteristics of the main character, Bosola, his experiences and changes throughout the play.
2,380 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 6 sources, $ 72.95
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Abstract
An analysis of the character of Bosola in Webster's "The Duchess of Malfi" contending that the character, like the play, is shrouded in uncertain mists of evil, ugliness, and depravity. The author looks at the experiences of the character and how the character changes throughout the play.
From the Paper
"The Duchess of Malfi takes place in what Northrup Frye called a ?sick and melancholy society? (Rabkin 119). Rupert Brook described Webster?s characters as ?writhing grubs in an immense night? (Rabkin 112). Evil, ugliness, and depravity rule. Beauty and goodness are doomed. In the beginning the character Bosola appears to fit right in, to be an unprincipled man with no conscience. Whether this is his real self, or whether he is an actor playing a part in order to survive in a polluted and perverted world, or whether he changes during the course of the action are some of the questions Webster enshrouds in the mist of this play. Finding clarity is the responsibility of each individual reader or viewer, as it was, in the end, up to Bosola to find his own way through the mist."
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The Harlem Renaissance, 2008.
This paper discusses the Harlem Renaissance as a period of changing times, especially for African Americans.
990 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Harlem Renaissance, also known as the Black Literary Renaissance and The New Negro Movement, began in the neighborhood of Harlem in New York City. The author points out that the Harlem Renaissance promoted changes in music, literature, poetry and architecture. The paper relates that these changes started in the black community following the abolition of slavery and were quickened as a consequence of World War I. The author underscores that the Harlem Renaissance can be seen as the African-American cultural response to the great social and cultural changes taking place in America in the early twentieth century under the influence of industrialization and the start of a new mass culture. The paper describes Georgia Douglas Johnson, who wrote poetry and plays as an important player in this literary and cultural movement.
Outline:
I. The History of the Harlem Renaissance
A. The way the Harlem Renaissance started
B. How the Harlem Renaissance got its name
II. The changes that were made
A. The change in politics
B. The changes in the arts
III. Georgia Douglas Johnson
A. A brief biography
B. Her influence on the Harlem Renaissance
From the Paper
"The Harlem Renaissance was a time of excitement and change for all of those who participated. It took many people to change the things that these people changed. Everything changed from music, art, movies, and politics. Many African- Americans from the southern states moved to Harlem during this time. The African- American community had established a middle class in many cities, with New York City being one. This time of movement can be referred to as the Great Migration. The Great Migration brought thousands of African- Americans to the northern cities like Cleveland, Chicago, and Philadelphia."
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Chivalry in Renaissance Drama, 2004.
Examines examples of chivalry and courtly love in two works by John Webster.
1,143 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
Within John Webster?s works, "The Duchess of Malfi" and "The White Devil", there are many messages about the results and realities of chivalry. Within these two works there is constant interplay between courtly reward and courtly desertion, with issues of class extremely volatile subjects. This paper shows, using Webster's works as examples, that the issue of courtly love in Renaissance drama is one utterly surrounded by high emotion, intrigue, and secrecy.
From the Paper
"Those men and women who overstep the boundaries of convention and disturb the honor code are friendless. There are many ways to overstep the role of the honorable, not the least of which is through flagrant acts of outranking love. The prince and the courtier, as well as the women who are often the objects of unquenchable desire are charged with the role of social police."
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Elizabethan and Jacobean Renaissance Drama, 2002.
A study of these two theater genres.
2,000 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
Using two plays, Christopher Marlowe?s ?Doctor Faustus? and John Webster?s ?The Duchess of Malfi?, the paper explores the theater genres of the Elizabethan and Jacobean periods. Through Marlowe?s play, the paper explores Elizabethan theater and through Webster?s play it studies Jacobean theater. The genres are looked at in the context of being considered the beginnings of the Renaissance and a shift from the Medieval period to a more human-centered view of the universe.
From the Paper
"The plays Doctor Faustus by Christopher Marlowe and The Duchess of Malfi John Webster are both from one of the most productive eras in British drama, the period covering the Elizabethan theater and the Jacobean theater that followed. This period can also be considered the beginnings of the Renaissance and so a shift from the Medieval period to a more human-centered view of the universe."
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Renaissance, 2007.
This paper provides an examination of the Renaissance period.
1,730 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that for most historians and scholars, determining exactly when the Renaissance Period began has proven to be very difficult, but the majority believe that the embryo of the Renaissance era began in the early 15th century. The writer discusses the Renaissance period when the most influential men and women were those who, as a combined force, literally changed the way that humans think about the natural world and their existence within it. The writer maintains that the Renaissance period was indeed a time of triumph and artistic mastery and greatly shaped and convoluted the then known world. Further, the writer relates that it witnessed the growth and development of architecture, sculpture and painting as never before in the history of Western civilization. The writer concludes that the masters of the Renaissance created what today is called fine art.
From the Paper
"The grandson of Cosimo de Medici was Lorenzo the Magnificent who went far beyond his grandfather in regards to accumulating masterpieces of art and the men who created them. As a poet, Lorenzo gathered about him an immense plethora of artists from all fields of study and extended his grandfather's library at Florence which helped to establish one of the first European centers for academic instruction in the arts, known as the Platonic Academy of Philosophy. Lorenzo also spend huge sums of money on the refurbishment of buildings and festivals dedicated to the arts."
"Thus, through the combined power and influence of the de Medici, the city of Florence became one of great beauty and stood as the capital of all the arts in Europe for more than two hundred years. Also, this flourishing of the arts in Florence resulted in tremendous growth in other European cities and extended well into the northern regions of Europe to create what is known as the Northern Renaissance."
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High Renaissance, 2004.
An insight into the High Renaissance era of art history.
1,168 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Renaissance movement, which took place in Europe from the early 14th to late 16th century, and witnessed a revival of interest in the values and artistic styles of classical antiquity, especially in Italy. In particular, it looks at how the culmination of the artistic revolution of the Early Renaissance led to what is now known as the High Renaissance to signify the period of explosion of creative genius, producing as it did the work of great artists, such as Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, and Michelangelo. It examines how High Renaissance Art touched unparalleled heights of creative expression because it brought the artist?s personal expression into well-established techniques and style, thereby increasing the dramatic force and physical presence of a work of art . It also shows how an essential characteristic of High Renaissance Art is seen as its unified balance between technical skill and the artist?s intuition or personal expression.
From the Paper
"Leonardo da Vinci?s The Madonna of the Rocks exists in two, nearly identical versions; one, entirely credited to Leonardo, in the Louvre, Paris and the second, considered a collaboration because of its distinctly sixteenth century characteristics of larger figures, in London?s National Gallery. Both versions depict a supposed meeting of the Christ Child and the infant saint John. The painting shows the infant Baptist, sheltering under Mary?s cloak, venerating the Christ Child in a cool, watery wilderness. The figures, grouped in a pyramid, are glimpsed in a dimly lit grotto setting of rocks and water, a setting that inspired the work?s name."
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The Renaissance Man and Woman, 2007.
This paper defines the qualities of the ideal Renaissance man or woman.
1,162 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the qualities deemed necessary for one to be considered a renaissance man or woman. These characteristics are taken from literary sources of the Renaissance. The features of the Renaissance man and woman suggest at once a superficial concern with appearances and at the same time an appreciation for the innate talents and abilities of every human being. The author takes issue with the lack of morality placed on the Renaissance man or women.
From the Paper
"Physical prowess and mastery of weaponry are essential skills for Castiglione's Renaissance man. Both men and woman are victims of their physical endowments. According to Castiglione, being too tall or too short can hinder the development of a man's athletic skills (p. 34). The Renaissance man is also literally well-rounded: he should be agile and strong, with "shapely" limbs (Castiglione, p. 30, line 26). Renaissance women must also fulfill specific requirements. Though they should develop their bodies as well as their minds, Renaissance women should not undertake strenuous activities, as even dancing too energetically can impede her "womanly sweetness," (Castiglione, p. 35, line 192). Neither men nor women should take sport--or anything else--too seriously because being well-rounded is more important than being a specialist. At the same time, both Castiglione and Alberti infer an appreciation for the diligent development of specific talents and skills, whether tennis, dancing, or archery. Therefore, the ideal person is not a dilettante. When the Renaissance man or woman becomes proficient at something, he or she can show that skill off in polite company, though without conceit. Being what modern people would call "cool" is a key component of the Renaissance ideal. Castiglione calls that feature "nonchalance," and the Renaissance man and woman should be talented and modest at the same time."
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Tragedy, Aristotle and "Death of a Salesman", 2007.
An analysis of how Aristotle defines tragedy and how it is portrayed by Arthur Miller in his play "Death of a Salesman".
4,224 words (approx. 16.9 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 112.95
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Abstract
Arthur Miller's "Death of a Salesman" has several strong literary and socially disturbing dimensions, but the one that stands most is its tragic dimension. This paper contends that "Death of a Salesman" is in fact tragic, and that within that tragic dimension there are several themes that are apparent and important: financial failure, emotional inadequacy, false pride, sports promise and sports failure, sexual confusion and impropriety, career stumbling, a dysfunctional family, death and madness. Tragedy to varying and diverse degrees is presented as a dynamic that is witnessed in Willy's family, in Willy's failed careers, and of course in his failed relationship with his son and in his marriage. Additionally there are tragic circumstances within the popular American contemporary vernacular of sports. The paper also examines Aristotle's stance on tragedy and how it compares to that of Arthur Miller.
Outline:
Introduction
What Is Tragedy? Miller's Philosophy on Tragedy and His Perspective on the Play
What Is Aristotle's Philosophy Regarding Tragedy?
The Death of a Salesman: The Literature and the Scholarship
Other Tragic Features of the Play
From the Paper
"After going to lengths to point out that Miller sees the central tragic figure in the play as Willy, Hagopian insists that it's Biff Loman, Willy's son, is the one who "ultimately makes things happen, who responds to the great trauma in his life with an emotional and moral paralysis..." That point could be rebutted effectively, but meantime a more pertinent point that Hagopian makes is that, after Biff finds his dad in a hotel room with another woman; "You fake!" he barks. "You phony little fake! You fake!" And now dad has been fired from his job, and Willy fears his son will expose his immoral deeds to mom. But Biff does not, he just wants to rage at his dad, and say "goodbye to you Pop...let's just wrap it up, heh?" The scene that Willy provokes has definite tragic consequences, Hagopian admits on page 40. "
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Tragedy and Comedy, 2004.
This paper discusses that the genres of drama, tragedy and comedy, are not always exclusive; many plays and films fit into both categories simultaneously.
2,510 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
This paper identifies one characteristic of comedy and two characteristics of tragedy and demonstrates their application to scenes from four plays considered some of the greatest tragedies ever penned, Shakespeare?s ?Oedipus Rex?, ?Macbeth?, ?Romeo and Juliet?, and ?Hamlet?; and from two films, the comedy, ?Pretty Woman?, and tragedy, ?The Path to War?. The author explains that one characteristic of comedy is the exaggerated or wry manner in which human folly or foolishness is underscored, and two characteristics of tragedy are the struggles or suffering of the protagonist over moral issues and the raising of questions about the meaning of human existence. The paper states that the ?Path to War? and ?Oedipus Rex? are pure tragedy based on circumstances and errors in judgment; whereas, ?Pretty Woman? is a film that is a comedy because its light heartedness and innocence completely overshadow its tragic characteristics.
From the Paper
"Perhaps the most appropriate starting point for demonstrating that a comedy and tragedy are not necessarily mutually exclusive, though they have long been considered the main divisions of drama is "Romeo and Juliet". Indeed, although "Romeo and Juliet" is hailed as one of the greatest love tragedies ever written, it, almost deceptively, appears to be a comedy for the most part. In fact, had Shakespeare not used the prologue to announce that the play was about star-crossed lovers; the audience may well have been completely deceived in expecting or hoping for a happy ending, particularly since the opening scene itself is a witty one that mocks human foolishness through a dialogue between Sampson and Gregory from the house of Capulets."
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