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England's Financial Systems, 2007.
This paper studies England's financial system and its impact on the American revolution.
3,315 words (approx. 13.3 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 94.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that the American Revolution was largely the result of England's financial policies. In order to understand how England's imposition of taxes helped lead to the American Revolution, the writer points out that one must first understand England's financial system at the time of the Revolution. The writer notes that during that time period, England was the world's largest imperial power, and its financial strength depended on two things: the wealth of its colonies, and its ability to control those colonies. Having gained an understanding of British colonialism, the writer maintains that one must then understand the specific acts that the British passed to target the American colonies. The writer concludes that it is clear that England's financial system, rather than any form of political tyranny, was responsible for the American Revolution.
From the Paper
"At the time of the American Revolution, England had vast global holdings. Obviously, much of North America had been colonized by the British, but the American colonies represented only part of England's holdings. In fact, the British controlled the majority of islands off North America and in the Caribbean. Furthermore, the British controlled large parts of India, parts of Eastern Asia, and much of Africa. The result is that Britain had an empire that rivaled the Roman Empire or the lands controlled by Alexander the Great. The British Empire was, in reality, far vaster than either of these preceding empires because it included such a tremendous portion of the New World, which had not yet been discovered during those two previous large empires."
"This vast colonial system was incredibly lucrative for England, but it also created a significant financial burden. First, in order to secure the colonies, the English often had to expend tremendous financial and human resources. For example, although initial colonization of the United States was relatively inexpensive, Great Britain had to wage military actions against the French and several Native American tribes to retain control over the claimed area."
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Julian Barnes' "England, England", 2000.
A discussion about the constructions of reality in Barnes' novel, "England, England".
2,185 words (approx. 8.7 pages), 1 source, $ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the Julia Barnes' somewhat cynical view of reality as a human construction in her novel "England, England". The paper focuses on the characters' attempts to cope with reality and their desire to look past the constructions in their own and others' lives.
From the Paper
"In "England, England", Julian Barnes theorizes that what people perceive to be reality is merely a construction. He argues that people create this construction for themselves because of a desire to simplify their lives. What people consider to be true memories and actual history are distortions, no more real than stories, except in that people believe these memories and histories to be real."
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Constructions of Reality in Julian Barnes' "England, England", 2000.
2,200 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 1 source, $ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the theme of make-believe reality in Julian Barnes' "England, England", which is presented through the character of Martha. The question posed is whether there even is such a thing as objective reality, and whether, if there is, it can satisfy anyone, and the conclusion appears to be that people ultimately prefer a constructed reality.
From the Paper
"At the beginning of the novel, Barnes sets up the idea that reality, as people think of it, is constructed. Martha reasons: ?If a memory wasn?t a thing but a memory of a memory of a memory, mirrors set in parallel, then what the brain told you now about what it claimed had happened then would be colored by what had happened in between? (6). She continues by reasoning that ?an element of propaganda, of sales and marketing, always intervened between the inner and the outer person? (7). While a person may claim that he/she remembers something clearly, he/she has actually filtered and changed around the memory, infusing it with an element of make-believe."
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Juvenile Justice Systems, 2004.
This paper describes and evaluates England's and Canada's juvenile justice systems.
2,920 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 86.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that England and Canada appear to have juvenile justice systems similar to the system in the U.S. The author points out that, under the Youthful Offenders Act of 1854, England's Juvenile Justice System was created separate from the adult system. The paper relates that the Canada's juvenile justice system has gone through three different phases throughout the 20th century; the Juvenile Justice Act of 1908 defined the age of juvenile delinquency from 7 to either 17 or 18, depending on the province; in the 1960s and 1970s, Canada protected children by legal rights, especially constitutional rights; and, in 1995, an act amended the Young Offenders Act to focus on a multidisciplinary approach focused on why young people commit crimes and on rehabilitation.
Table of Contents
England's Juvenile Justice System
Prevention
The Persistent Young Offender
Overview of Youth Court
Summary
Canada's Juvenile Justice System
Canada's Youth Court
Summary
From the Paper
"Over the past few decades England has been trying to deal with an increasing crime rate. Property offenses have been increasing dramatically, which is creating a big concern for the public as well as those that work in the system. Throughout the past decade, the British have put a great deal of focus on dealing with a desire to divert more young people away from the formal adjudicatory process, while also developing a plan that deals with the most serious and persistent young offenders. Several Acts have been enacted to attempt to facilitate the administration and delivery of both objectives; they include the Criminal Justice Act (1991), the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act (1994), the Crime and Disorder Act (1998), and the Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act (1999)."
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Financial Management at Citibank, 2004.
A description of Citibank's financial practices.
3,130 words (approx. 12.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 91.95
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Abstract
This paper attempts to analyse the budgeting practices at Citibank with respect to activity based costing, performance measurement and key performance indicators. Recommendations are also provided.
Outline
Introduction to Financial Management
Introduction to Citigroup
How Citigroup handles Financial Management
Activity Based Costing and Activity Based Management
Stages of Activity Based Costing in Citibank
Identification of main cost
Activity Based Budget System
Introduction to Budgeting
How Citigroup handles Budgeting
Evaluation/ Critical Evaluation of the system
Financial Indicators & Non-Financial Indicators
What is Financial Indicator/Non-Financial Indicator
Usage of Financial Indicator/Non-Financial Indicator within Citigroup
Evaluation of Financial Indicator/Non-Financial Indicator
Suggestions of improvement
Sources of Finance and Working Capital
Main sources of Finance within Citigroup
Influences on working capital within Citigroup
Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper
"Budgeting is used to assist in strategic planning. Strategic or long-range planning requires the specification of objectives towards which future operations should be directed. The search for better methods of allocating and controlling the expenditure of funds has always been very important to managers. With corporations realizing decreasing revenues and governments confronted by huge deficits, budgeting is more difficult than ever. The old methods no longer are suitable for Citibank. The newest forms of budgeting are Zero-based Budgeting (ZBB) and Activity-Based Budgeting (ABB)."
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The Financial Services Industry and Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), 2008.
A thesis analyzing the impact of voice over Internet (VoIP) protocol in the financial services industry.
19,660 words (approx. 78.6 pages), 21 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the adoption of voice over Internet (VoIP) protocol in each segment of the financial services industry, specifically focusing on the adoption practices in small, mid-size and large financial services firms. The author points out how companies at each strata of the financial services market change their processes to take advantage of the customer-centric, financial operations and services aspects of having VoIP-based systems in their organizations. The paper researches questions about the adoption of VoIP and its relationship to customer loyalty, the modification of quoting, ordering and payment systems using VoIP, the return on investment (ROI) and how well the customers of financial services firms are adopting VoIP-based applications. Includes several color graphs, figures and illustrations.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Executive Summary
Context of the Problem
Problem Statement
Specific Research Questions
Study Significance and Contribution to This Field
Research Design and Methodology
Phase I: Exploratory Research with Industry Experts using Experience Interviews Phase II: Early Adopter Research
Primary and Secondary Sources of Information
Organization of the Study
Literature Review
Summary
Factors Driving Financial Services' Technology Adoption
Financial Services Technology Needs Assessment
Defining the Financial Value Chain (FVC) and the role of VoIP
VoIP Market Dynamics in Financial Services
Applications Are the Agents of Change in VoIP Financial Services
Introducing the VoIP-Enabled Enterprise
Consensus of Industry Analysts on VoIP in Financial Services
VoIP within Financial Services: A Study of Transitions
Grant Thornton Case Study
Selection Criteria and Evaluation for VoIP System
Deployment at Grant Thornton
Results of the VoIP Implementation
Defining Voice over Internet Protocol
How does VoIP Work?
Step 1: Voice to Digital Data Transformation
Setp 2: Digital Data to IP Transformation
Step 3: Transmission
Step 4: IP Packet to Digital Data Transformation
Step 4: IP packet to Digital Data Transformation
Step 5: Digital Voice to Analog Voice Transformation
The Critical Role of VoIP Standards
A Critical Success Factor in Financial Services in Security over VoIP
Threats to VoIP
Confidentiality
ARP floods
VoIP Influence on Customer Loyalty
Executive Summary
Touch-Tone Interactive Voice Recognition
Automated Speech Recognition
Web Self-Service Sites
Analysts'\ Recommendations for Creating Value-Added Services Based on VoIP
Analysts' Recommendations for Launching Self-Service Channels Based on VoIP
Summary
From the Paper
"Applications are the integration point between technology and business processes, and the growth of VoIP-based applications specifically in the areas of financial services and the growth of online banking, online investing and the many services financial institutions are working to deliver over the Internet.
"In a world of circuit switched networks (the foundation of PSTN Service), telephony has always been about access and security. The role of security in circuit switched networks is one that is highly matured, trusted, and relied on by even the most resistant-to-change financial institutions."
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Financial System of Hong Kong, 2002.
Examines the history of Hong Kong as a financial center and its financial system.
3,900 words (approx. 15.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 142.95
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Abstract
This paper traces the development of Hong Kong as a financial center and examines the Hong Kong financial sector after the handover to China.
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Financial Statements for Insurance Companies, 2006.
A look at Financial Accounting Standard 115, adopted by the Financial Accounting Standards Board, and the problems it will create.
2,248 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the increased difficulties in understanding the financial statements of insurance companies that will occur as a result of Financial Accounting Standard 115 (FAS 115) adopted by the Financial Accounting Standards Board. The paper explains that FAS 115 will create wide variations between companies in the carrying values used for debt securities which will necessitate even more analysis to determine a company's financial condition as well as make it impossible to compare companies' financial positions without restating each company's debt-security portfolio values to a common basis.
From the Paper
"Higher equity levels created by having debt securities carried at market will be misleading to financial statement users. Hardly anyone believes that a company can fully retain the security gains that currently exist in their portfolios. To do so would require curtailing crediting rates to those available based on current rates on new money. Competitive pressures won't allow companies to do this and retain their policyholder funds. To reflect such gains as equity of the company in the financials is just plain misleading."
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Three Legal Systems, 2006.
This paper compares the Common Law system, the Civil Law system and the Islamic Law system.
2,475 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 3 sources, $ 97.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses three major legal systems. The legal systems discussed are: The Common Law system, the Civil Law system and the Islamic Law system based on Shari'ah. The Common Law system is discussed in relation to the United States and England while the Civil Law system is discussed in relation to the European continent. Finally, Islamic Law is discussed primarily in terms of its application throughout Islam.
From the Paper
"The nature of law has been a hotly contested subject ever since Hammurabi first had his code carved in stone circa 1775 B.C. (Deffains & Kirat, 2001, p.19). Since then, law has been subjected to myriad interpretive analysis, written, rewritten and canonized in various ways: Islamic Law associated with Shari'ah, the Common Law of England and the United States and the Civil Law structures found across most of Europe. The only common dialectical thread through all these historical bodies of law and legal systems, both current and past, is that law is not an exact science."
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The Financial Planner, 2006.
This paper examines the role of a financial planner and discusses why it was voted the number three job in America.
978 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
The writer of this paper contends that the career of a financial planner, while very rewarding, is not without its challenges. This paper details the responsibilities and requirements needed to become a financial planner. This paper distinguishes between the position of financial planner and that of the certified financial planner, which is actually a designation obtained by a financial planner. There are currently no educational or experience prerequisites to become a financial planner, other than the requirement in most firms that the applicant pass several licensing examinations, which are detailed in this paper. This paper discusses the areas in which a financial planner typically operates in, including: Investment planning, estate planning, retirement planning and business succession planning. While describing the ins and outs in the financial planning field, the writer contends that this career is primarily a sales position. The writer also delves into the pay-scale of this particular profession, which varies by firm and level of experience. Those with more experience and with an inventory of clients can demand up to six-figure salaries.
From the Paper
"Another group of firms includes brokerage firms, also called wire houses, that may offer some or all of these services, but their primary aim is investment management. These companies include Merrill Lynch, Saloman Smith Barney, Goldman Sachs. They may call their personnel Financial Planners, but they tend to be focused on gathering money from clients to invest through the firm. Some of these firms may offer some of the specialized planning services for their high-dollar clients. The most important thing for someone who is considering this profession is that it is primarily a sales position, particularly in the beginning of the planner's career."
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Financial Ratio Analysis of Lowes and Home Depot, 2004.
An exploration of the different financial ratios used to determine profitability and financial stability of a company.
2,644 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
This paper focuses on two large retailers in the area of retail home improvements, Lowes and Home Depot, and compares and contrasts their financial ratios in a five-year trend table along with the most recent industry averages. The information presented in this report can be used to help determine the over-all financial status of these two companies.
Financial Ratios Used
Home Depot
Lowes
Efficiency Ratio Analysis
Liquidity Ratio Analysis
Leverage Analysis
Profitability Analysis
From the Paper
"The inventory turnover ratio shows how many times per year a business can turn-over its inventory. In other words, this number represents how many times the business sells out of its inventory in a given year. This ratio is calculated by taking the cost of goods sold and dividing it by the average amount of inventory the business carries. Notice that these ratios are determined by the cost of goods sold because the inventory figures are carried on the boots at cost, not the price the merchandise will eventually sell for (Brealey, pg. 142). When comparing Lowe's and Home Depot to the industry average, we see that both companies' ratios were 5.0 for the year 2003 and the industry average was 4.8. This means that for the year 2003, both Lowe's and Home Depot were able to turn over their inventory a bit faster than the industry as a whole. "
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Financial Planning: An Intricate Profession, 2002.
A look at the challenges facing those in the financial planning profession due to recent changes in the financial markets.
1,925 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
An examination of the changes facing the financial planner and advisor in his/her profession. The paper looks at changes in the financial markets and trends of investments to show how the relatively simple job of previous decades has transformed into a very challenging one. The writer presents four suggested steps that the financial planner should follow for forecasting solid investments.
From the Paper
"Financial planning was an easy route to wealth and success during the 1980s and the latter part of the 1990s. The stock market was riding high, the new wave of high tech stocks posted significant and uncharted gains and investment capital flowed through the American economy freely. In today?s economy, however, the financial planning profession is much more of a challenge and a grind. It can be equally rewarding and fulfilling, but it requires more preparation and understanding of the complex markets and of planners? ethical and professional responsibilities to their clients."
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The Future of Financial Reporting, 2008.
This paper explores the development of a conceptual framework for financial reporting and accounting by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and International Accounting Standards Board (IASB).
1,734 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 19 sources, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
The paper explores if the proposed conceptual framework for financial reporting and accounting covers the main facets of the original framework of both the FASB and the IASB and whether the purpose of financial reporting is omitting a vital element. The paper further examines whether the decision-useful objective necessarily encompasses the stewardship objective. The paper concludes that it is necessary to have separate objectives related to stewardship and decision-usefulness.
Outline:
Introduction
Financial Reporting that is 'Decision-Usefulness'
Stewardship Objective
Should the Stewardship Objective be Included Separately?
From the Paper
"The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) have decided to revise their conceptual frameworks for financial reporting and accounting. Ideally, the present framework of both boards will be broader and expansive so as to develop a conceptual framework, which both Boards can use as an outline for new and revised accounting standards. This amalgamation is very important since markets become more international in scope, there is a need for global accounting standards that are consistent irrespective of the geographical boundaries. Also, 'there was a need to provide direction and structure to financial accounting and reporting' (Penman 2006)."
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The Financial Manager, 2004.
A review of the role of the financial manager in the modern financial market.
1,356 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper contends that the primary goal of every corporation is to maximize shareholder wealth, primarily through cash dividends and share value appreciation. It explains that the role of the financial manager is to act in accord with this premise. It expands that this tenet is not without obstacles, corporations must battle with issues such as the agency problem and the backlash of unpopular decisions. The paper reviews the roles of the financial manager in today's financial markets.
From the Paper
"The primary goal of every corporation is to maximize shareholder wealth primarily through cash dividends and share value appreciation. To this end the role of the financial manager is to act in accord with this premise. Under his/her auspices the financial manager must determine which factors affect the company's stock price and which choices will add value to the company all the while ensuring that the company doesn't run out of the cash necessary for continued day-to-day operations and planned growth strategies ..."
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Financial Development and Economic Growth, 2002.
This paper examines the financial development of the Italian economy and measures its effects on its economic growth and compares it to the U.S. financial market.
2,510 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
The following paper compares the GDP growth rates of Italy and the U.S. measures the level of financial development made by both the markets. Finally it examines whether the economy making higher growth with respect to financial development has made higher economic growth. The reason for choosing the Italian economy for comparison is that it is a lesser developed financial market as compared to the United States.
From the Paper
?There has been a lot of research already done on the issue of identifying a relationship between financial development and economic growth. The questions like does financial development spurs economic growth? To what extent does higher growth induce a reduction in the incidence of poverty? What can financial development contribute in reducing poverty? are continuously part of the economists debate. Generally it is believed that Economic growth is simply the result of refraining from current consumption. Within an economy, there are two general types of commodities. One are the consumption goods and the others are the capital goods. The consumption goods are for the purpose of general consumers use while capital goods are used for production of other commodities. When in an economy there is a lesser consumption of consumption goods by the households, a considerable part of the income is not spent and the result is in the form of positive net savings.?
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