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Endangered Animals, 2000.
This paper examines causes and possible solutions to the problem of endangered animals.
3,460 words (approx. 13.8 pages), 13 sources, $ 97.95
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Abstract
This paper examines causes and possible solutions to endangered animals. The author examines endangered animals from man's past and present interactions. The author seeks alternatives that will allow man to work with nature instead of against it.
From the Paper
"On the surface, it appears that things are going quite well for mankind. Human beings are the masters of this domain and are unchallenged by any other being in nature. In the vast scheme of things, man has radically disrupted the instinctive orders of existence and natural selection and progression. Man has lost the capacity to foresee and to forestall. Man is becoming too ingenious for his own good. His approach to nature is to beat it into submission. Man would stand a better chance of survival if he would try to accommodate himself to the planet and view it appreciatively instead of skeptically and dictatorially. Man needs to realize he is a part of nature and therefore his war on nature is a war against himself. Man must start trying to work with nature instead of against nature."
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Animal Rights/Animal Liberation, 1999.
Defends the ethical basis for the animal rights movement in their fight against the use of animals in research, based on ecocentric philosophy.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 16 sources, $ 95.95
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Abstract
Serious questions have been raised about the ethical justification of the use of animals in research designed to benefit human beings. Moral condemnation for the use of animals to benefit humans, however, is not the principal point of such questions. The issue of the use of animals in research is an integral part of the framework of animal rights/animal liberation within the larger structure of environmental ethics. This research defends the ethical framework of animal rights/ animal liberation. The primary focus in this defense is on the use of animals in research designed to benefit human beings
From the Paper
"ANIMAL RIGHTS/ANIMAL LIBERATION: AN ETHICAL DEFENSE
Introduction
Serious questions have been raised about the ethical justification of the use of animals in research designed to benefit human beings. Moral condemnation for the use of animals to benefit humans, however, is not the principal point of such questions. The issue of the use of animals in research is an integral part of the framework of animal rights/animal liberation within the larger structure of environmental ethics. This research defends the ethical framework of animal rights/ animal liberation. The primary focus in this defense is on the use of animals in research designed to benefit human beings.
The Ethical Basis of Animal Rights/Animal Liberation ..."
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The Use of Animals in George Orwell's "Animal Farm", 2001.
This paper looks at George Orwell's novel, "Animal Farm."
1,105 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper is an in-depth examination of George Orwell's use of animal characters in his novel, "Animal Farm." The use of animals as metaphor is also detailed. The author looks at the political environment at the time the book was written and at the message the author was trying to convey to his readers.
From the Paper
"Animals are not simply seen as innocent. Common stereotypes about animals tie into their roles in the story nicely. For example, in many countries pigs are often seen as lazy and greedy animals that like to hog resources. Fittingly, in the novel we are told that first the milk and apples, prized delicacies among the animals, were taken by the pigs, with the false explanation that ?milk and apples (this has been proved by Science, comrades) contain substances absolutely necessary to the well-being of a pig? (27). Later, the pigs award themselves the privilege of waking up an hour after all the other animals and sleeping in ?very comfortable beds?, and they again spread propaganda and create false reasons for their actions (50)."
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Animal Ethics, 2006.
An argument for the moral righteousness of animal rights for endangered animals.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 4 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that the moral rights of animals has been brought forth through the theories of Darwin, Peter Singer, as well as the counter argument of Speciesism, which now dominate the ethical battles for or against human superiority in Earth. In many ways, both the microcosmic and macrocosmic arguments both offer insights into how Darwin's theory has been an integral part of animal rights debates.
From the Paper
"This ethics study will analyze the basis of Animal rights for endangered species, and argue why they have equal rights to existence, alongside human beings. By using the arguments of Peter Singer in regards to the moral righteousness of equality for animals, the arguments used against this position will be brought forth by Speciesists. By utilizing both arguments for or against animal rights, one can realize the moral and biological reasons that animals should possess equal rights. In regards to endangered animals, this ethical consideration should be taken seriously, as all animals play an important in the biological whole of human ecosystem."
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Endangered Species Act, 2006.
This paper discusses the Endangered Species Act of 1973.
2,954 words (approx. 11.8 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 87.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer looks at the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (ESA) that was designed to protect plant and animal species that were - and are - threatened by extinction and to provide punitive measures for persons and organizations that violate the Act. This paper focuses on just the animals that are endangered (not those on the "threatened" list), not the plants, although there are numerous plant species listed as endangered and thousands of species of plants already extinct. The writer looks at the animals this act concerns and discusses the proposed legislation. The writer discusses challenges and complications related to the Act.
Contents:
Introduction
Animals Placed on the Endangered Species List
Removed from the Endangered Species List
Legislation Proposed will Radically Change the ESA
Grizzly Bears in Yellowstone Park
Cut Throat Trout Numbers Shrinking in Yellowstone Park
Florida Home Builders Association Sues
Florida Native Americans Sue Interior Secretary Gale Norton
International Marine Mammal Project
Marketing Endangered Species and Wildlife Conservation
From the Paper
"One of the animals that may soon come off the ESA's list in a certain, prescribed area, is the Grizzly Bear. The Department of Interior (DOI) (which runs FWS) has decided to remove the 600 or so Grizzlies "in and near Yellowstone National Park" from the federal endangered list. Why? It would put protection of the bears in the hands of state wildlife officials in Montana, Wyoming, and Idaho, according to a USA Today article.
The other reason for taking the Grizzly off the federal protected list is that the bears' population in the Yellowstone area has increased from around 200 in 1975, to about 600 today. The Grizzly once number around 50,000 throughout the western United States and now there are about 1,200 remaining. They live primarily in four regions: Yellowstone, Glacier National Park (Montana), the Selkirk Mountains (Idaho), and in the Cabinet Mountains in Montana. The Grizzlies in those other three areas will remain on the ESA list of protected animals."
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Protection of Endangered Species, 2006.
A look at how the human population is endangering the lives of numerous plant and animal species and what will happen if we don't protect those endangered species.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 1 source, $ 35.95
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Abstract
Endangered Species are plants and animals that will be extinct soon and will possibly be never seen again in life. The reason why endangered species and habitats become extinct are primarily a result of an overpopulation of human beings who force the plants and animals out of their natural habitat, leaving them little room to grow or reproduce. This leads to scarcity and, eventually, extinction. This paper discusses how humans are threatening the natural habitat of animals and plants and the ultimate consequence of that threat.
From the Paper
"In other words, many goods and services from other countries are being exported to the United States in order to gather revenue for that country. Whether the products are fish or furniture--even if that countries ecosystem is in jeopardy--the wealth continues to flourish in order to keep the humans living. Another example, "In Florida, exotic plants, such as hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata), water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), and water lettuce (Pistia straiotes), are altering fish and other aquatic animal species, choking waterways, altering nutrient cycles, and reducing recreational use of rivers and lakes" (Liebold 4)."
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Cloning Endangered Species, 2004.
A look at the possibility of using genetic cloning to preserve endangered species.
1,518 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how, according to the World Wildlife Fund, it is estimated that about 20% of all present-day species could be extinct by the year 2025, and while conservation efforts under the Endangered Species Act are aimed at captive breeding programs, reintroduction, and habitat management, new methods of species preservation must be supported. It looks at how scientific methods like genetic cloning through interspecies transfer to produce viable young should be considered in the overall endangered animal protection plan and how the broad sense of the term ?risk?, as applied to limiting the use of presently endangered individuals to save their entire species, needs to be reconsidered and explained to allow advances in scientific technology that may possibly recover entire animal populations.
From the Paper
"Cloning technology requires a mother to act as a surrogate. While conservation biologists may be in support of, or on the fence about, cloning as a method of endangered-species conservation, the concept of using either a wild or captive endangered female of the same species to assist in reproduction or act as a surrogate mother is unfavorable as the risks may prove too great. To circumvent the risk of adversely affecting the present-day numbers of a species by using a surrogate of that species, or even to reintroduce a species that has been identified as being extinct, scientists have delved into utilizing methods of interspecies cloning to reproduce an animal using a surrogate mother of another, less endangered animal."
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Psychological and Behavioral Processes in Humans and Animals, 2002.
This paper compares and contrasts psychological and behavioral processes of human and animals; knowledge of animals gains a deeper comprehension of the similar processes in humans.
1,130 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses that both humans and animals have strong psychological needs that modify attitudes and behaviors. The author states that cognitive processes, including thinking, feeling, memorizing and perceiving, strongly influence the entire welfare of animals and humans. The paper concludes that there are acute differences between the humans and animals in their psychological processes that mutate their behavior.
From the Paper
"Research demonstrates that learning about psychological and behavioral processes of both animals and humans can greatly assist psychologists, physiologists, biologists and most of all general public in ameliorating human/animal interaction and in the successful management of all animals. Over the years, physiological processes have been studied thoroughly and paid much attention to, however, psychological needs and behavioral processes associated to them have neither been examined nor researched, thereby neglecting the most cardinal facet of both animal and human behavior for exploration of the same proves that animals like humans have strong psychological needs that modify and determine their behavior."
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Protecting Animals: System of Duties Built on Jewish Law, 2005.
An in-depth paper which calls on the Jewish religion to stop focusing on animal rights and to start focusing on human duties and obligations towards animals.
8,160 words (approx. 32.6 pages), 30 sources, MLA, $ 174.95
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Abstract
This paper explores an alternative to fighting for animal rights, and instead advocates for a system of human duties and obligations based on Jewish Law. The paper analyzes the way Jewish law views cruelty to animals, the environment, and the obligation to take care of one's health. Jewish Law lays out a system of positive obligations that Man has towards animals, the environment, and his own health.
I. Introduction
II. Jewish Law and the Environment
A. The World and All in It Belongs To G-d and Man Is Responsible For Preserving It All
B. Animals Are Important to G-d
C. Bal Tashchit - The Prohibition on Wanton Destruction
D. Environmental Effects of Producing So Much Meat
III. Animals in Jewish Law
A. Animals as Property
B. Tza'ar Ba'aley Chayim and Positive Acts of Kindness
IV. Jewish Law and Health
A. The Importance of Maintaining Health in Jewish Law
B. Health and Vegetarianism
V. The Misunderstanding of the Importance Of Meat In Judaism
VI. Rabbis and Vegetarianism
VII. A Modern System of Duties and Obligations
A. Eating Meat and Dairy Products
B. Hunting, Trapping, and Furs
C. Animals in Entertainment
D. Animal Experimentation
E. Wildlife Conservation
VIII. Conclusion
From the Paper
"We often talk about protecting animals and giving them their rights. Animal rights' activists argue about which rights are due to animals and which rights to animals are due to human beings. I argue that this dialogue is unhelpful to animals, just as it is unhelpful to human beings. Rather than argue about rights, I contend that we should construct a system of duties and obligations under which human beings will have varied responsibilities towards animals. Such a system already exists under Jewish law, a system devoid of human rights and animal rights, but rich with human responsibility and obligations towards mankind, animals, and the environment."
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Cruelty to Animals, 2006.
An assessment of organizational and governmental efforts to protect animals.
1,825 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
This paper studies the organizations, governmental agencies and courtrooms acting to protect animals from cruelty. The paper begins with a review of the laws against cruelty to animals. Next, the paper explores the mission and success of some of the most well-known non-profit organizations working to protect animals. Included are the Humane Society and American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, as well as People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA). The paper also briefly discusses smaller, grassroots organizations, like Animal Cruelty Actionline. The paper then turns to the laws against animal cruelty and their application in several rather disturbing courtroom cases.
From the Paper
"There are currently hundreds of organizations around to prevent and stop cruelty to animals. The most widely recognized organizations are the American Humane Society and the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. The ASPCA since its inception has become a role model for other similar organizations to follow. The organization has a legislative action center in which volunteers are asked to write their legislatures in order to rally for stricter penalties against animal cruelty. Volunteers are kept abreast on current issues related to animal cruelty. The society also keeps a listing of animal humane law enforcement officials and animal control agencies throughout the United States."
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Animals as a Human Food Source, 2005.
This paper discusses and argues against the consumption of animals as a human food source.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 5 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This essay examines many of the issues associated with the consumption of animals for food. It is argued that this practice is flawed from two perspectives: ethically and as an issue of human health. As the writer shows in this article, from the perspective of ethics the only supportable position is to refuse to consume animals for food while, from a health perspective, the clear dangers from animals fats and, in particular, the transmission of toxic pollutants from animals to humans suggests that the consumption of animals for food carries with it considerable health risks for the human species.
From the Paper
"In September 2001 the well-known animal rights organization People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) sponsored a billboard in Vancouver, British Columbia that triggered widespread controversy within the environmental and animal rights movement. The billboard read, simply: "Eat the Whales". Not surprisingly, this advertisement provoked a heated response from many environmentalists and, in particular, from the influential anti-whaling movement. However, PETA was unrepentant and argued that their advertisement made an important point: why do so many people, including environmentalists and anti-whaling activists, make distinctions between species and consider eating domestic pigs, cows or chickens permissible but whales, dolphins or seals abhorrent?"
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The Electric and Magnetic Sense of Animals, 2002.
This paper explores the different magnetic and electric properties that some animals posses.
1,810 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 11 sources, $ 58.95
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Abstract
This paper explores animals' abilities to sense electricity and magnetism and their ability to use these qualities as part of their sensory machinery. The author examines the type of electrical energy that certain animals release and provides examples.
From the paper:
"Imagine what it would be like if you were able to sense electric and magnetic fields. You would be able predict when a bad lightning storm was coming and orient yourself in the right direction if you were lost in the woods. Although such abilities only exist in fantasy for humans, many animals? posses these abilities in real life. In this paper we will explore the fascinating ability of certain animals to use electricity and magnetism as part of their sensory machinery."
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How do Animals Think?, 2001.
This paper deals with the much argued question of how animals think, if at all.
2,375 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper deals with the way animals think. It also deals with the issue of using animals for university experiments. It examines whether or not animals possess the prerequisite physical ability to sustain thought, from both a scientific and ethical point of view. It details several studies that have been done on the matter and states their conclusions. It concludes that if we consider that animals do have similar physiological organs of thought, and do regularly display behavior similar to human behavior, then there should be no discriminating against them and their ability to think.
From the Paper
37"The question is often repeated, ?Do animals think, in the same way that we do?? It is a question which for most part comes loaded with significance and prejudice. If it is true that animals think, like humans do, and feel pain and happiness, and desire, then the logical conclusion is that they must be treated with a certain respect. Much of Western culture depends on the use of animals in a fashion not compatible with the ethical demands of sentence. Unfortunately for the science of animal psychology, most researchers on the subjects have a vested interest in coming to the conclusion that their subjects (which have likely not been treated in a human[e] fashion over the course of the experiments) are not thinking beings. ? ?We were taught as undergraduates not to think of animals as other than stimulus-response bundles,? asserts Melanie Stiassney, an ichthyologist at the American Museum of Natural History. ?The dogma is you can't credit them with feelings.? ? (Mukerjee) One must ask, though, how such a pre-decided pool of scientists can treat the question of animal thought fairly? To be fair, one must divorce the answer from its ethical implications, and simply ask: ?Why not?? If animals possess physiology parallel to that which gives rise to human thought, if they display behavior consistent with such awareness, then (if one disregards the demands of hubris and the fear of guilt) the scientist must admit at least the definite possibility of animal thought."
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Artistotle?s "History of Animals", 2004.
A look at Aristotle?s contribution to zoology through a review of his "History of Animals".
785 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how, aside from philosophy and the more psychological arts, Aristotle?s greatest contribution to modern science is probably his writings on zoology. It looks at how, in the nine books of his "History of Animals", Aristotle observes animals in their habitats and uses dissection to discover the mysteries inside the animal body. Many of his conclusions regarding the nature, habits, and evolution of animals were, indeed, conducive to the conclusions that led to the science we know today.
From the Paper
"In his scientific research, Aristotle established scientific methodology today. He for example used dialectical (based on logical deduction) and empirical (practical) arguments to present his research findings. He furthermore used detailed observation and dissection in order to present clear and scientific arguments in his work. He was in fact the first scientist to make extensive use of dissection for his studies. This practice enabled Aristotle to describe phenomena such as the embryological development of a chick, to distinguish dolphins from fish and to describe the chambered stomachs of ruminants. He was also able to examine the social organization of bees, and he noticed that some sharks give birth to live young."
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Art and the Depiction of Animals in the Mexico Region, 2006.
A review of Mexican, Spanish and Aztec art and the common depiction of animals.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 3 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the art of the Mexican, Spanish and Aztec people often depicted animals. It further discusses how the cultures of these people were significantly different from modern society, and it was the Florentine Codex that was considered the authority that clarified this contention. The use of animals therefore within the art that existed during the time was a reflection of the cultures that lived in what was considered New Spain. The paper explains that the Florentine Codex is meticulous at providing examples of how animals existed in every day life for the natives of the region.
From the Paper
The art of the Mexican, Spanish and Aztec people often depicted animals. The cultures of these people were significantly different from modern society, and it was the Florentine Codex that was considered the authority that clarified this contention. The use of animals, therefore, within the art that existed during the time was a reflection of the cultures that lived in what was considered "New Spain". The Florentine Codex is meticulous at providing examples of how animals existed in every day life for the natives of the region. It is also concise in its descriptions of the inclusion of animals in the art of the period. Through the Florentine Codex it is possible to realize that the people of "New Spain" created images of animals as a reflection of their cultural beliefs.
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