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Empires in the First Half of the 20th Century, 2008.
A comparison of imperial China and the Austro-Hungarian empire during the first half of the 20th century.
1,760 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the transformations in political structures that took place in the first part of the 20th century in China and Europe, in particular the area of Austro-Hungarian Empire, which was territorially-reconstructed after World War I. The paper points out that China was an Empire for two thousand years and Austro-Hungary was Europe's oldest great power. The paper argues that nationalism was the leading cause of the changes that took place. While imperial China stayed territorially more or less the same, its political structure changed significantly. The Austro-Hungarian Empire on the other hand ceased to exist, and the Empire collapsed, much like most European Empires at the time, giving birth to new nations and various forms of governments. Noting the general trend of change in both China and Europe, the paper concludes that, as empires crumbled, they were replaced by several forms of governments ranging from democracies to totalitarian regimes.
From the Paper
"There were many consequences of World War I, including the ten million casualties in the armies (Esler, 2004). Also, this war significantly changed the map of Europe. The Austro-Hungarian Empire collapsed and in its place several new nations were born. The Slavic nationalists were somewhat appeased by the treaty of Versailles. Yugoslavia was formed, unifying Southern Slavs, with its core in Serbia. Czechoslovakia too was a Slavic country formed with the break up of Austro-Hungary (Sontag, 1971). The Russian Empire crumbled and was replaced with a communist revolution and regime. The treaty of Versailles also significantly weakened Germany. It was stripped of its colonies, disarmed and forced to pay reparations. Parts of it were given to Poland and the Czech Republic."
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The Roman Empire vs The Chinese Empire, 2001.
This paper examines the similarities and differences between the Roman Empire and the Chinese Empire.
1,005 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper is a detailed comparison of the Roman Empire and the Chinese Empire. The author shows how the imperial dynasties of Han and Qin along with the classical empire of Rome offered their people a combination of protection against external enemies and an infrastructure that was far more functional than individual cities or regions would have been able to provide for themselves. This paper describes the reign of all three of these dynasties and their effect on their people as well as world history.
From the Paper
"While it is difficult to make any general statement that can cover the political and cultural complexities of the Roman Empire along with the Han and Qin dynasties in China because they were sufficiently different from each other as well as being possessed of substantial internal diversity. And yet, even given the range of institutions and ideals that the three cultures exemplified, there are some commonalties that strike the observer from the vantage point of the 21st century. The primary one of these is that neither the Chinese empire nor the Roman one could have extended its reach as far as it did in geographic terms, had as great a control over its subjects' personal lives as it did, nor ruled for such a long period of time had not the ruling house combined a high degree of bureaucratic efficiency with a depiction of the imperial family that was at least semi-divine."
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The Byzantine Empire: The First Christian Empire, 1986.
Overview of the rise & decline of the Byzantine Empire, the first Christian Empire. Discusses rulership of Constantine & Justinian and describes church architecture & symbolic purposes.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 31.95
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From the Paper
"The first Christian Empire in the world was that of the Byzantine Empire founded by Constantine in 330 A.D. The Byzantine Empire started with the division of the Roman empire into East and West factions, with the eastern provinces becoming the Byzantine Empire. When the Roman Emperor Constantine was converted to Christianity, he moved the governing center from Rome to the city of Byzantium, made Christianity the state religion, and created a state that had a profound effect on the social life and outlook of the people. The first moves toward splitting up the Roman Empire had been made by Constantine's uncle, the Emperor Diocletian, who thought that the problems with the empire were related to having too much territory to the east and north out of direct control (Wenzel, 1965: pp. 11-13). The separation did not take place immediately but over a generation or so and would last for more (...)"
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The Different Voices of ?The Color Purple?, 2004.
A discussion of how Alice Walker portrays social issues in the rural South during the first half of the 20th century in her book, ?The Color Purple?.
1,275 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper examines Alice Walkers's novel ,"The Color Purple", and reveals how, through the characters of the book, Walker addresses several social issues of the era. In particular, it looks at how, throughout the novel, she is devoted to exploring women?s roles within the patriarchal system, emphasizing their desires for freedom, spirituality, and creativity and how she is able to communicate to the reader what it means to be poor, black, and female in the rural South during the first half of the 20th century. It shows how, through the lives of the characters in "The Color Purple", she presents several individual social aspects such as patriarchy, sexuality, and spirituality.
From the Paper
"Walker advocates freedom of expression for women. She also believes that a person who is not free to express his or her love is a slave of themselves, just as anyone who would prohibit expression of love has a ?slaveholder?s mentality? (Living 91). Celie is beaten by her stepfather because he says she has winked at a boy, she writes: ?I don?t even look at mens. That?s the truth. I look at women, tho, cause I?m not scare of them.? (Color 6). Celie is attracted to Shug. ?First time I got the full sight of Shug Avery, I thought I had turned into a man? (51). The two women lived together for awhile until Shug meets a young man and falls in love with him. Celie is heartbroken and returns home. During this time of her life, Celie and Mister become friends and he proposes marriage."
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"An Introduction To Public Policy" by Charles O Jones, 2000.
A review of the work on how public policy is formulated, focusing on social programs (public housing), in second half of the 20th century.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 1 source, $ 47.95
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Abstract
A review of the work on how public policy is formulated, focusing on social programs (public housing), in second half of the 20th century.
From the Paper
"Every traditional introductory civics text used to have some form of explanation of "How a Bill becomes Law." A chart or diagram would trace the passage of a bill from introduction, through referral to a committee, passage on the floor, conference committee, and so on to the president's desk. A realist (not necessarily a euphemism for cynic) might wish to respond to this with an outline showing how the political process of making a law actually works: How sufficient attention and interest is generated to put a matter on the public agenda; how support is marshaled to ensure that a bill is voted out of committee rather than buried there; how follow-up effort is needed to see that a program, once authorized, is subsequently funded, and so forth."
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Gender Studies, 2005.
This paper studies the women's movement in American culture with a focus on the last half of the 20th century.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer provides a discussion of the "women's movement" in American culture. The writer looks at the movement from its origins through the present, with a focus on the last half of the 20th century. This paper discusses the obstacles faced by women, the forces against them and among them that hindered them, the major gains they succeeded in achieving, and the nature of the contemporary "third wave" of feminism that is more global and diverse in nature than its U.S. predecessors.
From the Paper
"Ruth Rosen begins her chronology of the women's movement and its issues in 'The World Split Open How the Modern Women's Movement Changed America', by citing feminist poet Anne Sexton. While making references to the first wave of feminism suffrage Rosen's work focuses on the second and third waves of feminism. In so doing the author reveals a number of political and social forces from the F.B.I. to the media that impacted the women's movement ... '
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"The Dream Palace of the Arabs" by Fouad Ajami, 2000.
An analysis of the work on Arab intellectual life in second half of the 20th century and comparison to two other related works.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 3 sources, $ 55.95
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Abstract
"Fouad Ajami?s The Dream Palace of the Arabs is a tale both of a place and of a generation. It is in many ways a hagiography of the world of the Arab intellectual in the 20th century, a world lived in large measure in exile, sometimes even from within the intellectual?s native land.
From the Paper
"Fouad Ajami?s The Dream Palace of the Arabs is a tale both of a place and of a generation. It is in many ways a hagiography of the world of the Arab intellectual in the 20th century, a world lived in large measure in exile, sometimes even from within the intellectual?s native land. It is a tale of theocracy and artistic freedom, of longing for belonging, of the passionate desire to find out who one is and why it is that one is different from both peoples in other places and from peoples in other times. This paper looks at some of the themes in this book as they are laid out in Ajami?s prologue and connects these themes to other authors exploring some of the same subjects.
Ajami is writing the story of the world of ideas in which intellectual Arabs have immersed themselves ? or tried to immerse themselves ? during the years more or less after World War II and the..."
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Sex Workers in Canada, 2008.
An examination of how the sex trade in Canada was viewed in the first half of the 20th century.
1,655 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This essay takes a look at the issue of prostitution in Canada at the beginning of the 20th century. The paper points out that, in more recent years, theorists have increasingly begun to frame prostitution as a social issue, and as an occupation forced on marginalized, poverty-stricken people. However, in earlier times, it was more common to frame prostitution as a moral issue, or as a law enforcement issue. The paper ultimately attempts to show how the failure to suppress prostitution was directly linked to the failure to understand it, which in turn was based on a sexist inability to conceptualize women as subjects making choices, due to extenuating socioeconomic circumstances.
From the Paper
"Nilsen notes that in the period 1906 to 1917, most local residents of Vancouver perceived prostitutes as nothing but blight on the city, and a negative influence on property values. Unlike national reformers, they failed to see prostitutes as women for whom they should feel pity. They failed to perceive them as victims of pimps, or as victims of socioeconomic circumstances. Their response to prostitution was to draw up petitions to have it removed by stringent law enforcement. On the other hand, the National Council of Women, which in other respects was a philanthropic organization, saw the solution to prostitution as being moral education and tougher laws (Nilsen, 1980). It is suggested that, as the members of that esteemed council were all middle class women, they had never been in the situation of having to feed themselves or their children on nothing but "moral education." What is interesting to note is that although both residents and the National Council of Women were coming at the matter from different perspectives, both had a touching faith that laws could remove the problem."
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Conservatism in 19th Century England, 2005.
A look at why conservatism dominated Europe in the first half of the 19th century.
1,065 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the reasons why the dominant political ideology of 19th century Europe was conservative as opposed to liberal capitalist or communist. This paper describes the reasons Europe wanted to return to an old traditional society instead of continuing towards a more enlightened, liberal society in the first half of the 19th century.
From the Paper
"After the Defeat of Emperor Napoleon I in 1813 and his subsequent exile in 1815, Europe was at an end of three decades of political upheaval, continental war, and economic struggle. With Europe's victory over France came the recoil of the liberal ideological politics that had eroded the stability of modern Europe. Hundreds of thousands of people had been slain and the political and hierarchical traditions had been forever broken. "His conquests displaced a number of laws, institutions, and customs; broke through bonds sacred among all nations" (Perry, 153). The consequences of the Enlightenments rational thought was believed to have had been fully realized by conservatives. Europe had paid the penalty for their abandonment of tradition and religion for individualism and reason."
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Human Resource Management in the 21st Century, 2001.
This paper discusses the issue of human resource management in the 21st Century while also providing a history of this practice.
3,100 words (approx. 12.4 pages), 17 sources, $ 90.95
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Abstract
This paper traces the history of human resource management leading to the modern day. It examines the difficulties and challenges which are faced in this profession as well as the conveniences which are experienced due to breakthroughs in technology.
From the paper:
"In today?s ever-changing business world Human Resource management is an integral part of a companies success or failure. Human Resources departments ?balance the demands of several different roles: business partner, internal consultant, operational and administrative expert and both employee and employer advocate.? (Brown, 1998, para 8)
"The modern ideas of HR management have their roots in early 20th century theorem and New Age innovation. The managing of people, as a resource vs. just personnel is an improvement pioneered in the latter half of the past century. Differing schools of thought exist on the best way to achieve HR enlightenment. Some value structures while others take a more free form approach. Whatever the dogma, the ultimate desired end result is a competitive advantage over the competition and staying power in a volatile business environment."
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Women in 19th Century America, 2008.
The paper discusses how women were treated as second class citizens in America in the latter half of the 19th century.
1,302 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at how, by 1863, women in the US were beginning to influence the economy due in large part to the Civil War and the shortage of male labor. The paper looks at how many men, however, endorsed the societal norm of the time that a woman's rightful place was in the home. The paper describes how women starting their own businesses found it very hard to secure adequate credit to start and expand their businesses. The paper portrays how even resourceful women were relegated by societal norms to the role of glorified housekeeper.
From the Paper
"One has to only look at the Declaration of Sentiments issued at the end of The Seneca Falls Convention of 1848 for historical proof that women were treated as second class citizens in America in the latter half of the 19th century.1 If women were in fact treated legally, politically and socially as men's equals, there would have been no convention, no one hundred and fifty plus year feminist movement in America. Women may well have made only limited progress in the subsequent half century in elevating their status, but there is ample evidence that it was not for lack of trying."
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The Ottoman and Mongol Empires, 2008.
A comparative analysis of the influence of the Ottoman and Mongol empires on western civilization.
1,299 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the Ottoman and Mongol empires have made their mark in history as powerful empires and how their influence extended across continents and defied the traditional Western powers. It looks at how both empires overpowered countries more established and stronger that they were while they themselves were still building their own countries. The paper also discusses how the study of their influence in Europe provides social and political scientists insights into the region's historical politics, economy and society and how these two empires have served as learning models for subsequent governments to strengthen their states as well as use the very same principles to extend their own interests in the world.
Outline:
Mongol Empire
Ottoman Empire
Comparison
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The Ottomans are credited for the foundation of modern international commerce. They also used embargoes and other trade based strategies to support their political and military agendas (Cox et al, 2001). The modern form of trade organizations and toll systems were based on Ottoman system of trafficking and controlling goods. The Ottoman's rise and decline were both prolonged ("Ottoman Empire", 2006). Some historian believe that one of the reasons for this that the Ottoman empire was not a looming military threat for any country and that it was more programmed to operate in a leisurely way and states were allowed to manage their affairs independently (Sicker, 2000). In its later years, it became more active internally with civil strife which eventfully disintegrated the empire ("Ottoman Empire", 2006)."
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Nineteenth Century Reform, 2002.
A look at the reform movements during the early nineteenth century in America.
2,064 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how since the beginning of the nineteenth century, the existence of slavery and the subverting of women?s rights, both symbolic of fundamental inequality among all citizens within society, have urged American reformers to constantly call for social changes. It examines how these changes were heavily influenced by education reform, immense immigration, industrialization, urbanization and further development of national identity throughout the century. It analyzes how with the abolition of slavery in 1860s, the nature of the need for social changes, however, transformed itself from a want of natural right to that of political equality as new identities as free men and women emerged during the second half of the nineteenth century.
From the Paper
"The repression of women had reached an all time high by the nineteenth century. Reformers called out for changes. The first step to the liberation of women took place at the level of education. The first all female college, Mount Holyoke College in South Hadley, Massachusetts, was established in 1832 by Mary Lyon. Other female colleges were founded in the years to follow, such as Elmira Female College in 1855 and Vassar Female College in 1865 both located in New York. Co-ed colleges began with Oberlin Collegiate Institute, Ohio in 1833, Antioch College, Ohio in 1853, State University of Utah in 1850, State University of Iowa in 1855, and the State University of Washington in 1861."
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The Abbasid and Ottoman Empires, 2008.
This paper discusses the Abbasid and Ottoman empires, as possible examples of Islamic imperialism.
1,360 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Abbasid and Ottoman empires made use of the glorification of Islam. The author points out that these empires attempted a standardization of language, brokered different relationships with non-Muslims, saw extensive economic growth and continued expansion of the arts, letters and cultural attainment. The paper relates that both the Abbasid and Ottoman empires had the emotive symbols of their respective capitals as political, commercial and spiritual centers. The author underscores that both empires made errors in over-expansion, failure to consistently respect minorities and the use of force. The paper concludes that the result was forever fragmentation when faced by external pressures and the risk of oppressing constituent groups, which tends to affect all empires in the end.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Political Control and the Abbasid Empire
Economic and Social Affairs
Symptoms of Decline
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The decline of the Abbasids owed in good measure to the way in which the Shii community had been treated since the beginning. Anti-Caliphal sentiment understandably continued as much the Sunni ulama worked to crate the impression of Muslim unity by way of strong self definition and standardization of law, language, religious practice and political rationales. By the 13th century, the Abbasid Empire was a fragmented collection of states and territories ruled by military commanders. Of course, the Ottoman Empire would also over-expand, its different oppressive campaigns and government by military force creating quiet enemies."
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19th Century American Theater, 2004.
Discusses the history of theater in America in the 19th century.
2,020 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
By the mid-19th century, theater in the United States had undergone a dramatic transformation. Theater became enormously popular and attracted a more genteel and wealthy audience. The paper shows how plays by American writers began to showcase social concerns, and actors and actresses enjoyed a new-found status as respected members of society. "Uncle Tom's Cabin" became one of the most popular plays of the time and typified American theater's new focus on social conditions. The paper shows that the last half of the 19th century marked significant changes in American theater. These changes were partially spurred by the large population growth in East Coast cities. As America grew, the number of theaters increased. Also as America's leisure time increased and wages increased, Americans looked to the theater for entertainment. The paper explains that improvements in transportation allowed actors and actresses to tour parts of America that had never had professional theaters, and the result was an explosion in the popularity of the theater.
From the Paper
"The historical accuracy of Uncle Tom's cabin was also indicative of the move toward the historical accuracy of sets, costumes, and dialects seen in 19th century theater (Robinson). The play is a 'melodrama', or simply a play with music, allowing American audiences all over the country exposure to the music of the Negro spiritual, which contained a complex mixture of dialect and music that depicted black culture of the time. In ACT II, Scene 4, Topsy sings 'Oh, I'se So Wicked', a song that characterized the life and dialect of southern slaves, and depicted the degradation of slaves."
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