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Law and Economics and Zoning, 2006.
An examination of zoning and how it affects economics.
2,111 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the economic perception of zoning as somehow infringing on the rights of property owners and indirectly interfering with the free market. It explains that some researchers disagree with this perception and say that the primary criticisms directed towards zoning are that zoning is unfair to some property owners to a greater degree than others and therefore inherently biased, and that zoning adds unnecessary and often excessive transaction costs that in effect are economic externals. The writer notes that not having any controls on the economic development of a region would result in commercial activity being developed in or near residential neighborhoods that would negatively impact housing values of all the surrounding neighborhoods. The writer believes that zoning is in itself useful and necessary but there should be a bargaining element introduced that removes sole decisive power from the municipality to one degree or another. The writer concludes that currently there is no alternative to any zoning decision made by municipalities and this is not necessarily good either.
From the Paper
"Many economists consider zoning a response to population growth and specifically urban sprawl in that zoning can be considered a solution to these problems relative to land use issues. Zoning is essentially an extension of political control over the development process within communities. Political controls over land use manifested through zoning laws are in place in every province of Canada and, in many cases, rationalized through environmental reasons or, conversely, are used to indicate that public utilities or services do not have the ability to service additional development in a given area."
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Local Zoning, 2003.
This paper argues, using the history of zoning in New York City as an example, that local governments should control local zoning.
1,445 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that local municipalities are in the best position to judge where zoning divisions should occur and when and if any exceptions to such zoning regulations should be made. The author points out that the most characteristic channels for airing contentions are public hearings and systematic consultations, with everyone involved in a particular decision having the opportunity to have their opinions heard and their interests understood. The paper relates that the concept of local zoning began on July 25, 1916, when the New York City Board of Estimate and Apportionment approved an ordinance to control building volumes and land uses throughout greater New York.
From the Paper
"Speaking in front of the Commission on Building Districts and Restrictions, President of the Department of Taxes and Assessments, Lawson Purdy, stressed the economic character of the problem facing them at the time: "Tenement houses, more euphoniously called apartment houses, built to the full limit allowed by law, have intruded into a territory beautifully developed with single family dwellings at great cost, well constructed, in condition to last for a hundred year, and have destroyed their value in large measure" By and large, the Commission's Final Report advanced the notion of the protection of the home as a primary goal of the proposed regulations."
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Economic Development and Enterprise Zones, 2008.
An analysis of the purpose and implications of enterprise zones and minority, women and disadvantaged business enterprise programs in North Carolina.
1,349 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the implications of economic development, particularly in the form of enterprise zones. The paper defines enterprise zones and discusses their purpose, and focuses on the strengthening of enterprise zones in the state of North Carolina. The paper also looks at the cost benefit analysis and the incentives for the government to set up th development programs in the form of minority, women and disadvantaged business enterprise (MWDBE) programs. Finally, the paper looks at the ethical consequences associated with the programs.
Table of Contents:
Enterprise Zones
Enterprise Zone and Economic Development
Cost Benefit Analysis
Incentives
Ethical Consequences
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The city of Charlotte focuses consistently on the needs of the community and the ethical standards that are essential in evaluating programs and the populations that those programs affect ("City", 2006, p. 14). In some locations the economic development initiatives that have been attempted through the creation of enterprise zones have not been affective because of the government's willingness to bend rules regarding enterprise zone policies and support wealthy business owners. Yet, in North Carolina this issue was alleviated with the changes in the policies associated with enterprise zones in 1999. It is for this reason that it is evident that the inclusion of MWBDE businesses within enterprise zones in North Carolina would be handled with the utmost ethical considerations, leading to a successful partnership between enterprise zones and the disadvantaged businesses in the zone areas."
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New York Zoning, 2002.
An analysis of the zoning system employed by New York city as an example of land use.
1,135 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper examines New York city's zoning laws as a principle means of regulating land use. The paper shows that through zoning, a city regulates building size, population density and the way land is used. Zoning recognizes the changing demographic and economic conditions of the city and is a key tool for carrying out planning policy. The writer uses New York city as an example, as it enacted the nation's first comprehensive zoning resolution in 1916 and continues to be a leader in zoning policy in the United States.
From the Paper
"New York City's Department of Planning is responsible for implementing the zoning regulations. In order to effectively carry out the concepts identified by the zoning regulations, the city has been divided into three basic zoning districts: residential, commercial and manufacturing. These categories are then further subdivided into retail or manufacturing areas, parking, building or residential. Areas designated as public parks do not fall under these regulations."
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Zoning in NYC, 2002.
An examination of the zoning laws in New York City and some of the hurdles faced when trying to implement them.
958 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the logic and reason behind zoning laws - whereby the City Planning Department claims that zoning shapes the city. It looks at the history of the development of some of these laws and how the NYC zoning plans have become models for other major cities. It also examines why the City faces obstacles in trying to implement certain zoning policies.
From the Paper
"In New York City, zoning is a principal means of land use regulation. According to the New York City Department of City Planning, zoning shapes the city. Through zoning, many aspects of the city are defined and regulated, including building size, population density and how the land is used. Zoning focuses on the changing demographic and economic conditions of the city and works to carry out planning policy.
In 1916, New York City passed the first comprehensive zoning resolution in the United States. The city?s first Zoning Resolution, which was a fairly simple document, determined height and setback controls and separated what were seen as functionally incompatible uses, including factories, from residential neighborhoods."
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New York City?s Zoning and Setback Laws, 2004.
This paper discusses the history of the use of zoning and setback laws that shape New York City and its architecture.
1,670 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that New York City was the first community in the nation to institute a zoning ordinance, the New York 1916 Zoning Resolution, to establish specific height and setback controls on all buildings in an attempt to create a barrier that would stop manufacturing and industry from encroaching on Manhattan's office and department store district. The author points out that New York had the unique problem of skyscrapers blocking sunlight; therefore, the zoning ordinance laid down rules that buildings would forever be shaped similarly to a wedding cake, layered toward the top in like a stair-step method. The paper explains that newer zoning requirements must take into consideration the idea of environmental and resident protection, social and economic well-being, and the use of natural resources, such as ponds and wildlife habitats.
From the Paper
"There were attempts by newly disgruntled landowners, those who were zoned out of profits, to try to label the new zoning ordinances as unconstitutional. One specific case set the precedence for the rest of the country. In a small town in Ohio, the local government passed a zoning ordinance and the result devalued some sixty-eight acres of land that was owned by an Ambler Realty Company. Ambler Realty Company subsequently sued the town Euclid because they claimed that their land was literally taken and that the zoning ordinance was in violation of the Fifth Amendment of the United States Constitution. Ambler Realty Company?s argument was the literal interpretation of the Constitution, which says that private property cannot be revoked for public use unless the party revoking the land provides due or just compensation."
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Emmitt Smith, 2004.
An analysis of the life and achievements of professional athlete, Emmitt Smith.
3,294 words (approx. 13.2 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 94.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the career of professional athlete, Emmitt Smith. The paper contends that there are some who say that Smith is only a football player and should certainly not lay a foundation of any significance in our culture. The writer of this paper believes otherwise and aims to prove that Emmitt Smith is and should continue to be a cultural icon for his many achievements.
Outline
Introduction
Cultural View
Sporting Icons
Emmitt Smith the Person
The Dallas Cowboys
Conclusion
From the Paper
"These revenues that are generated in a direct or indirect manner by the professional athletes like Emmitt Smith also are an example of how important they are in the realm of the current trends towards globalization for both business and cultural views of the world. "One specific focus of these debates is whether or not the new international economic, national, and cultural alliances, in conjunction with an ever-expanding mediascape, are contributing to a standardized, homogenized, and globally shared culture. The emergent, simulated cultural space and experience, which are largely, but not exclusively, driven by the machinations of American-mediated popular culture, are seemingly demonstrated by the universal presence of commodity-signs such as CNN, Coca-Cola, McDonald's, Nike, Baywatch, the Disney Corporation, the NBA, and the focus of our analysis, Michael Jordan. While it would be a mistake to deny the global ubiquity of this ever-expanding economy of cultural artifacts, it would be equally erroneous to suggest that an increased circulation of commodity-signs inevitably leads to the creation of globally homogeneous or "Americanized" patterns of popular cultural existence." (Sands) "
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Writing in the Contact Zone, 2002.
A review of "How to Tame a Wild Tongue" by Gloria Anzaldua, as an example of writing in the contact zone.
1,464 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the issue of writing in the contact zone, where the writer incorporates the individual's culture. To illustrate these points, "How to Tame a Wild Tongue" by Gloria Anzaldua is discussed as an example of writing in the contact zone. The paper begins by discussing the problems seen in Anzaluda's piece, followed by a discussion of the benefits of the piece and why they are so important. The writer believes that the benefits of writing in the contact zone far outweighs the risks involved.
From the Paper
"The first risk of writing in the contact zone is that the writing style will alienate readers, creating the situation where the only individuals that find meaning in the piece are those with the same culture. Anzaldua does take this risk with "How to Tame a Wild Tongue" by writing in a style that does make it a challenge to understand. One of the most noticeable factors is the mixing of English and Spanish. The following two sentences are an example of how she mixes the two languages, "Even our own people, other Spanish speakers nos quieren poner candados en la boca."
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Zoning in Urban Areas, 2002.
Examines zoning in urban areas, the arguments of critics of the issue and Bradley Karkkainen's defence.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 6 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the issue of land use zoning in urban areas. Briefly the economists' critique of property and land use zoning is identified and outlined. The quality of Bradley Karkkainen's critique "Zoning: A Reply to the Critics" is then assessed.
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Local Power and Zoning, 2003.
Examines the issues surrounding municipal legislation and zoning.
4,461 words (approx. 17.8 pages), 50 sources, APA, $ 116.95
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Abstract
In order to understand what factors to determine the division of authority between local governments and the states, this paper clarifies the effect of local government?s autonomy behind zoning decision mechanisms undertaken by local governments. Section 2 explains two different legal terminologies - Home Rule and Dillon?s Rule. Section 3 explains that zoning is considered as a municipal property right in context of the Tiebout-Hamilton-Fischel world and is understood as the local ?police power?. Section 4 presents the debate of recent proposals, examines which states were likely to take over land use regulation from local governments and presents a case study of compromise between Home Rule and state intervention: the Long Island Pine Barrens Protection Act. The paper includes tables and maps.
From the Paper
"Most characterize Dillon?s rule as a rule of ?strict? construction that gives as little power as can be reasonably intimated by the state legislature?s grant of authority (e.g. Ownes, 2000). In Dillon?s Rule, interpreting that local governments are creatures of the states, empowerment depends on statutory action at the state level, is just one of the many rules of statutory construction employed by courts. In particular, some state courts use Dillon?s Rule as a guide when interpreting grants of authority from the state legislature to local governments."
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The Impact of Tax-Free Zones in the UAE, 2008.
A review of the impact of tax-free zones in the United Arab Emirates.
2,361 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
The paper deals with free economic zones introduced by the United Arab Emirates designed to attract foreign investment in the region by providing various tax benefits. The paper assesses the effects on the economy at a local and national level and isolates any negative effects. It also presents a strategy to reduce any negative outcomes in future free economic zone development.
Outline:
Introduction
Rationale
Aims and Objectives
Methodology and Theoretical Approaches
Plan of Action
Resource Requirements
Ethical Consideration
From the Paper
"After the success of the Jebel Ali Free-trade Zone, high demand has led to the creation of further zones with equal or better benefits provided. For example, in 1990 the Dubai Internet City and the Dubai Media City were created offering an initial period of fifty tax-free years, and the extra benefit of there being no restrictions on sponsorship or partnership for the investors in the area. This, along with the advantages of the technical infrastructure, have led to a number of leading international companies such as Microsoft, McGraw-Hill and CNN moving to this zone. The Dubai International Financial Centre (DIFC) was created later, in 2004, offering similar benefits to the previous trade-free zones, although this time aimed at financial companies. The manner in which the trade-free zone enables financial companies to gain a permanent foothold within the region is expected to strengthen the economic activities of not only the UAE, but the Middle East as a whole. In this region there are also no restraints as to how long the companies can remain under the tax benefits available, making investment in this area highly lucrative for international financial companies. "
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"The Hot Zone", 2007.
An analysis of the ethical issues raised in Richard Preston's book, "The Hot Zone."
1,596 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Richard Preston's book, "The Hot Zone," in which he recounts a story about a laboratory accident and its aftermath. The paper discusses the ethical issues that surround the laboratory incident, such as the need to inform the public. It goes on to describe possible connections that can be made to current events and the ethical dilemmas that may surround them.
From the Paper
"Concern about ethical treatment in medical matters had been increasing for some time after the revelation of the Tuskegee experiment in which the medical establishment and the government in the 1930s had treated a group of black men in the South for syphilis, giving some a placebo rather than actual treatment and never telling the subjects what they were doing. When details of this experiment surfaced in the 1970s, many first accepted the argument that the cure was as bad as the disease. It soon became clear that this experiment actually took advantage of people who were poor, black, uneducated, and trusting. Analysts have noted how genocide is evoked by the Tuskegee experiment, and some made reference to the Nazi experiments on human subjects during World War II, which had been condemned by the civilized world at the Nuremberg Trials. Other explanations have also been cited, notably with regard to racial differences, to explain how medical personnel could be part of such a breach of ethics."
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"End Zone", 2006.
An analysis of Don DeLillo's novel "End Zone".
1,797 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper summarizes and analyzes the novel "End Zone" by Don DeLillo, examining how DeLillo, using wit and sarcasm, explains what nuclear war and college football have in common.
From the Paper
"Harkness, the narrator of this morality tale, played football because he was expected to become the sports hero his father could not be. Like he tells the reader, his failed father had ambitions for him, just to prove that the seed was not impoverished. Harkness, himself, was a transfer from the University of Miami, and we immediately notice something odd about him. He enjoyed reading about nuclear war and the deaths of millions. There was something he himself could not understand, even as he went to the library to get more books on the subject of nuclear war. When he left Miami and went home, his Father persuaded an influential Michigan State alumnus to get him into that University. The point was, then, to escape the draft. But, when he convinced the MSU people he could follow orders, he was accepted, played football, and was involved in a vicious tackle that killed an opposing player."
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The Rise of Export Zones, 2006.
A discussion regarding the rise of Export Processing Zones and the affect that it has on economic globalization.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 18 sources, $ 106.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the rise of Export Processing Zones (EPZ) in the developing world as an important and widespread aspect of the current trend of economic globalization. This economic globalisation is bringing immense wealth to some multinational companies, also known as transnational corporations or TNCs. However what impact do these EPZs have on their host countries? Do they contribute to, or hinder, development in the developing world? In this paper it will be argued that in the big picture, the effects of EPZ's are negative. According to the paper, while they may appear to contribute to a short-term economic boom, they have insidious bad effects that are long term.
From the Paper
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Special Economic Zones, 2002.
A comparison of special economic zones of China and North Korea.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 7 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper examines special economic zones in North Korea and China. It compares and contrasts them. The Chinese were earliest and are most widespread, including Hong Kong. The North Korean experiment is recent and small but radical.
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